Bhaiksuki script

Bhaiksuki
𑰥𑰹𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰎𑰱
Bhaiksuki; 𑰥𑰹𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰎𑰱
Script type	abugida
Time period	c. 11th–12th century AD [1]
Direction	left-to-right
Region	Eastern India
Languages	Sanskrit
Related scripts
Parent systems	Egyptian Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Aramaic Brahmi Gupta Bhaiksuki; ; ; ; ; ;
Sister systems	Sharada, Tibetan, Siddham, Kalinga
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Bhks (334), Bhaiksuki
Unicode
Unicode alias	Bhaiksuki
Unicode range	U+11C00–U+11C6F
	The theorised Semitic origins of the Brahmi script are not universally agreed upon.

Bhaiksuki (Sanskrit: भैक्षुकी, Bhaiksuki: 𑰥𑰹𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰎𑰱) is a Brahmi-based script that was used around the 11th and 12th centuries CE. It used to be known in English as the "Arrow-Headed Script" or "Point-Headed Script," while an older designation, "Sindhura," had been used in Tibet for at least three centuries.[2] Records showing usage of the script mainly appeared in the present-day states of Bihar and West Bengal in India, and in regions of Bangladesh. Records have also been located in Tibet, Nepal, and Burma.

Extant manuscripts

The script is found exclusively in Buddhist texts. According to the Unicode proposal, "Only eleven inscriptions and four manuscripts written in this script are known to exist. These are the Bhaiksuki manuscripts of the Abhidharmasamuccayakārikā, Maṇicūḍajātaka, Candrālaṃkāra, and at least one more Buddhist canonical text. The codices of the Abhidharmasamuccayakārikā and of the Maṇicūḍajātaka were once kept in the Tibetan monastery of Gonkhar, and were brought to Italy by Giuseppe Tucci in 1948.[3] While the exact place of preservation of the Maṇicūḍajātaka is unknown, and only the photographs of the text are accessible, the codex of the Abhidharmasamuccayakārikā was rediscovered in Tucci's last home in 2014, and is now on display at the National Museum of Oriental Art in Rome. The fourth codex was discovered in Tibet and was recently shown in a Chinese documentary; however, information about this manuscript is limited."[2]

Sanskrit is the main language written in this script. It is strongly related to the Devanagari and Sharada scripts.

Unicode

The Bhaiksuki alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2016 with the release of version 9.0.

The Unicode block for Bhaiksuki is U+11C00–U+11C6F:

Bhaiksuki^[1]^[2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+11C0x	𑰀	𑰁	𑰂	𑰃	𑰄	𑰅	𑰆	𑰇	𑰈		𑰊	𑰋	𑰌	𑰍	𑰎	𑰏
U+11C1x	𑰐	𑰑	𑰒	𑰓	𑰔	𑰕	𑰖	𑰗	𑰘	𑰙	𑰚	𑰛	𑰜	𑰝	𑰞	𑰟
U+11C2x	𑰠	𑰡	𑰢	𑰣	𑰤	𑰥	𑰦	𑰧	𑰨	𑰩	𑰪	𑰫	𑰬	𑰭	𑰮	𑰯
U+11C3x	𑰰	𑰱	𑰲	𑰳	𑰴	𑰵	𑰶		𑰸	𑰹	𑰺	𑰻	𑰼	𑰽	𑰾	𑰿
U+11C4x	𑱀	𑱁	𑱂	𑱃	𑱄	𑱅
U+11C5x	𑱐	𑱑	𑱒	𑱓	𑱔	𑱕	𑱖	𑱗	𑱘	𑱙	𑱚	𑱛	𑱜	𑱝	𑱞	𑱟
U+11C6x	𑱠	𑱡	𑱢	𑱣	𑱤	𑱥	𑱦	𑱧	𑱨	𑱩	𑱪	𑱫	𑱬
Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

James, Ian (2012-04-16). "Bhaiksuki script". Retrieved 2016-06-22.
Pandey, Anshuman; Dimitrov, Dragomir (2014-04-23). "N4573: Final Proposal to Encode the Bhaiksuki Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-22.
Tucci, Giuseppe (1950). A Lhasa e oltre: diario della spedizione nel Tibet MCMXLVIII. con una̕ppendice sulla medicina e li̕giene nel Tibet. Libreria dello Stato. p. 129.

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[1] James, Ian (2012-04-16). "Bhaiksuki script". Retrieved 2016-06-22.

[N4573-2] Pandey, Anshuman; Dimitrov, Dragomir (2014-04-23). "N4573: Final Proposal to Encode the Bhaiksuki Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-22.

[3] Tucci, Giuseppe (1950). A Lhasa e oltre: diario della spedizione nel Tibet MCMXLVIII. con una̕ppendice sulla medicina e li̕giene nel Tibet. Libreria dello Stato. p. 129.

[1]

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