Coral Gables, Florida

Coral Gables is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida and is located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Downtown Miami. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 49,248.[4]

Coral Gables
City
City of Coral Gables
Coral Gables (in foreground) in April 2010. Downtown Miami is barely visible in the background.
Coral Gables (in foreground) in April 2010. Downtown Miami is barely visible in the background.
Flag of Coral Gables
Flag
Official seal of Coral Gables
Seal
Nicknames: 
"The City Beautiful", "The Gables"
Location of Coral Gables in Miami-Dade County, Florida (left) and of Miami-Dade County in Florida (right)
Location of Coral Gables in Miami-Dade County, Florida (left) and of Miami-Dade County in Florida (right)
U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits
U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits
Coordinates: 25°43′00″N 80°16′20″W
Country United States
State Florida
County Miami-Dade
IncorporatedApril 29, 1925[1]
Government
 • TypeCouncil-manager
 • MayorVince Lago[2]
 • Vice MayorRhonda Anderson
 • CommissionersMelissa Castro, Kirk Menendez, and Ariel Fernandez
 • City ManagerPeter Iglesias
 • City clerkBilly Y. Urquia
Area
[3]
 • Total37.31 sq mi (96.64 km2)
 • Land12.93 sq mi (33.48 km2)
 • Water24.38 sq mi (63.16 km2)
Elevation
10 ft (2.8 m)
Population
 (2020)[4]
 • Total49,248
 • Estimate 
(2022)[5]
49,193
 • Rank61st in Florida
 • Density3,804.56/sq mi (1,469.32/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Area codes305, 786, 645
FIPS code12-14250[6]
GNIS feature ID0280801[7]
Websitewww.coralgables.com

Coral Gables is known globally due to being home to the University of Miami, one of the nation's private research universities whose main campus spans 240 acres (0.97 km2) in the city.[8] With 16,479 faculty and staff as of 2021, the University of Miami is the largest employer in Coral Gables and second-largest employer in all of Miami-Dade County.[9]

The city is a Mediterranean-themed planned community[10][11] known for its historic and affluent character reinforced by its strict zoning, popular landmarks, and tourist sights.[12][13][14][15][16]

History
See also: History of Miami

Coral Gables was formally incorporated as a city on April 29, 1925. It was and remains a planned community based on the popular early twentieth century City Beautiful Movement and is known for its strict zoning regulations.[17] The city was developed by George Merrick, a real estate developer from Pennsylvania, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The city's architecture is almost entirely Mediterranean Revival style, mandated in the original plan,[18] with an emphasis on Spanish influence in particular, such as the Coral Gables Congregational Church, donated by Merrick. The domed Catholic Church of the Little Flower was built somewhat later, in a similar Spanish Renaissance style.

Early in the city's planning and development, Merrick shared his vision for Coral Gables as "a most extraordinary opportunity for the building of 'Castles in Spain'," as explored in Coral Gables historian Arva Moore Parks' 2006 book George Merrick's Coral Gables: Where Your 'Castles in Spain' are Made Real.[19] Merrick's success in executing this vision for the city would catch the attention of Spain's King, Alfonso XIII, who awarded Merrick the Order of Isabella the Catholic for his support of Spanish culture in Coral Gables.[20][21]

By 1926, the city covered 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) and had netted $150 million in sales, with over $100 million spent on development.[22] That year also saw the opening of the Biltmore Hotel and Golf Course, a major landmark in city.

Merrick meticulously designed the city with distinct zones. For example, he designed the Downtown commercial district to be only four blocks wide and more than 2 miles (3.2 km) long. The main artery, now known as Miracle Mile, bisected the business district. Merrick could boast that every business in Coral Gables was less than a two-block walk. The city used to have an electric trolley system, which was replaced by the popularity of modern automobiles,[23] but now a new free circulator trolley system, initiated in November 2003, runs down Ponce de León Boulevard. Another distinctive and character-defining feature of the city planned by Merrick are the themed Coral Gables Villages that date to the 1920s and were designed to expand the city's architecture beyond Spanish influence to include Italian, French, and Dutch South African among others.

In 1925, roughly simultaneous to the founding of Coral Gables, the University of Miami was constructed on 240 acres (97 ha) of land just west of U.S. Route 1, approximately two miles south of Downtown Coral Gables. By the fall of 1926, the first class of 372 students enrolled at the university.[24]

During World War II, many Navy pilots and mechanics were trained and housed in Coral Gables.

Coral Gables has traditionally placed high priority on historic preservation. The city passed its first preservation ordinance in 1973 as many of its founding structures from the 1920s began to reach their 50th anniversaries.[25] Further ordinances were enacted in the 1980s establishing the Historic Preservation Board and in the 1990s establishing the Historic Preservation Department, now called the Historical Resources & Cultural Arts Department.[25] As part of the city's historic preservation program the Historical Resources Department is tasked with researching and identifying significant properties and local landmarks for listing in the Coral Gables Registry of Historic Places as well as on national historic registers. The department also reviews modifications to locally designated landmarks and initiates grant proposals. The Historic Preservation Board is a quasi-judicial body that votes on local landmark designations and other issues pertaining to the historic character of the city.

Geography
The skyline of Coral Gables in December 2014

Coral Gables is located at 25°43′42″N 80°16′16″W.[26] It is bordered on the west by Red Road (West 57th Avenue) north of Sunset Drive (South 72nd Street) and West 49th Avenue and Old Cutler Roads south of Sunset Drive. It is bordered on the north by Tamiami Trail/U.S. Route 41 (South 8th Street), except for a small section that extends north of 8th Street for eight blocks between Ponce de Leon Boulevard and Douglas Road (West 37th Avenue).

On the east, it is bordered by Douglas Road (West 37th Avenue) north of South 26th Street, Monegro Street south of South 26th Street to Cadima Avenue, Ponce De Leon Boulevard south of Cadima Avenue to South Dixie Highway (U.S. Route 1), LeJeune Road (West 42nd Avenue) south of U.S. 1 to Battersea Road, and by Biscayne Bay south of Battersea Road. On the south, it is bordered by the Charles Deering Estate.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 37.2 square miles (96 km2) of which 13.1 square miles (34 km2) is land and 24.0 square miles (62 km2) (64.64%) is water.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19305,697—
19408,29445.6%
195019,837139.2%
196034,79375.4%
197042,49422.1%
198043,2411.8%
199040,091−7.3%
200042,2495.4%
201046,78010.7%
202049,2485.3%
2022 (est.)49,193−0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]
1930–1970[28] 1980[29] 1990[30]
2000[31] 2010[32] 2020[4] 2022[5]
Historical demographics 2020[4] 2010[32] 2000[31] 1990[30] 1980[29]
White (Non-Hispanic) 30.6% 40.1% 47.7% 53.2% 65.1%
Hispanic or Latino 58.8% 53.6% 46.6% 41.8% 29.6%
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) 4.8% 2.5% 3.1% 3.1% 4.0%
Asian and Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) 2.6% 2.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.3%
Native American (Non-Hispanic) < 0.1% < 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Some other race (Non-Hispanic) 0.7% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1%
Two or more races (Non-Hispanic) 2.5% 0.9% 0.7% N/A N/A
Population 49,248 46,780 42,249 40,091 43,241
Demographic characteristics 2020[33][34][35] 2010[36][37][38] 2000[39][40][41] 1990[30] 1980[29][42]
Households 21,868 20,266 17,849 15,460 16,429
Persons per household 2.25 2.31 2.37 2.59 2.63
Sex Ratio 87.6 89.7 87.6 90.0 88.0
Ages 0–17 16.6% 17.9% 17.4% 15.5% 17.2%
Ages 18–64 63.3% 66.5% 66.8% 67.1% 66.0%
Ages 65 + 20.1% 15.6% 15.8% 17.4% 16.8%
Median age 41.9 38.8 38.1 37.0 36.1
Population 49,248 46,780 42,249 40,091 43,241
Economic indicators
2017–21 American Community Survey Coral Gables Miami-Dade County Florida
Median income[43] $63,061 $32,513 $34,367
Median household income[44] $113,623 $57,815 $61,777
Poverty Rate[45] 7.5% 15.7% 13.1%
High school diploma[46] 97.2% 82.5% 89.0%
Bachelor's degree[46] 71.5% 31.7% 31.5%
Advanced degree[46] 37.8% 11.9% 11.7%
Language spoken at home[note 1] 2015[note 2] 2010[note 3] 2000[49] 1990[50] 1980[51]
English 40.0% 39.4% 43.1% 51.8% 63.4%
Spanish or Spanish Creole 53.5% 54.7% 50.2% 42.8% 30.3%
Other Languages 6.5% 5.9% 6.7% 5.4% 6.3%
Nativity 2015[note 4] 2010[note 5] 2000[56][57] 1990[58][50] 1980[51]
% population native-born 61.5% 62.3% 62.1% 64.4% 69.9%
... born in the United States 57.5% 58.3% 58.8% 61.2% 67.9%
... born in Puerto Rico or Island Areas 2.0% 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 2.0%
... born to American parents abroad 2.0% 2.0% 1.5% 1.7%
% population foreign-born[note 6] 38.5% 37.7% 37.9% 35.6% 30.1%
... born in Cuba 15.0% 16.4% 19.2% 20.3% 15.1%
... born in other countries 23.5% 21.3% 18.7% 15.3% 15.0%

As of 2010, there were 20,266 households, of which 11.4% were vacant. In 2000, 24.45% had children under the age of 18 living with them. In Coral Gables, 61.11% were family households, 17.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.89% were non-families. The average household size was 2.36, and the average household had 1.68 vehicles.

In 2015, estimated income figures for the city were as follows: median household income, $93,934; average household income, $150,808;[59] per capita income, $57,195. About 7.6% of citizens were estimated to be living below the poverty line.[60]

Tourism
Coral Gables at night in January 2014
Matheson Hammock Park in July 2015

Coral Gables is a pedestrian-friendly destination. Located four miles from Miami International Airport, the "City Beautiful" has around 140 dining establishments and gourmet shops, and many notable international retailers. Among Coral Gables landmarks are the Venetian Pool, Douglas Entrance, and Miami Biltmore hotel.

Media

The Miami Herald is the region's predominant daily newspaper. Coral Gables has one newspaper, Coral Gables News Tribune, which is published twice monthly and covers local and regional news and one weekly newspaper that is part of the portfolio of Miami Community Newspapers publications.[61]

At the University of Miami in Coral Gables, The Miami Hurricane, the official student newspaper, is published weekly each Tuesday.

Coral Gables is part of the Miami-area media market.

Numerous movies have been filmed fully or partially in Coral Gables, including Nude on the Moon (1961), Goldilocks and the Three Bares (1963), Jimmy, the Boy Wonder (1966), I Eat Your Skin (1971), Shock Waves (1977), Absence of Malice (1981), The Mean Season (1985), Miami Rhapsody (1995), Bad Boys (1995), The Perez Family (1995), Fair Game (1995), Two Much (1995), Blood and Wine (1996), Curdled (1996), Wild Things (1998), The Hours (2002), My Sexiest Year (2007), Dostna (2008), Posthumous (2012), and others.[62]

The city also is featured in television and video games, including:

Economy
Miracle Mile and Ponce de Leon Boulevard in Coral Gables in April 2010

Coral Gables holds several of the wealthiest Zip Codes (33156, 33143, 33133, and 33146)[65] and neighborhoods[66] in the United States, such as Hammock Oaks, Old Cutler Bay, Gables Estates, Tahiti Beach, Snapper Creek and Lakes, Cocoplum, and Gables By The Sea.[67]

Major economic contributors to Coral Gables include:

Transportation
Further information: Transportation in South Florida
Douglas Road station in Coral Gables in March 2020

Coral Gables is served by Metrobus throughout the area, and by Miami Metrorail at:

Coral Gables provides a free trolley service, with a trolley running a continuous circuit up and down Ponce de Leon Boulevard during the day.

Coral Gables is served by rapid transit on Douglas Road at Douglas Road station at the University of Miami at University Station near Sunset Drive and Red Road at South Miami station, which connects the city with Downtown Miami and Miami International Airport.

Diplomatic missions

Several countries operate consulates in Coral Gables, including Barbados, Colombia,[80] El Salvador,[81] Italy,[82] Peru, Spain,[83] Monaco, St. Lucia, and Uruguay.[84]

Several countries have honorary consulates located in Coral Gables, including Australia, Belize, Hungary, Senegal, St. Kitts & Nevis, Togo, and Thailand. The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office maintains Taiwan's diplomatic mission at 2333 Ponce De Leon Boulevard in Coral Gables.[85]

Education
The University of Miami, the largest employer in Coral Gables, in April 2006
Coral Gables Senior High School in October 2006
Coral Gables Branch Library in November 2014

University of Miami
Main article: University of Miami

The University of Miami, a private university ranked in the top tier of national universities,[86] with particular national status in the fields of business, engineering, law, marine science, medicine, communications, and music, is located in Coral Gables.[87]

Public schools
Further information: Miami-Dade County Public Schools

Coral Gables schools are part of Miami-Dade County Public Schools, which serves Miami-Dade County. The district has several high schools in Coral Gables, most notably Coral Gables Senior High School and International Studies Preparatory Academy, both of which educate students in grades nine through 12. It also has a K–8 school, Coral Gables Preparatory Academy (formerly Coral Gables Elementary School), with two campuses, including a historic campus located on Ponce de Leon Boulevard. Henry S. West Laboratory Elementary is another school for K–6. Finally it has two middle schools: George Washington Carver Middle School located on Lincoln Drive and Ponce de Leon Middle School located across from the University of Miami on the east side of U.S. Route 1 on Augusto Street. Present day George Washington Carver Middle was moved to the current location on Grand Avenue on land donated by George Merrick. When Carver died in 1942, the school was renamed in his honor.[88]

Private schools

Gulliver Academy, Marian C. Krutulis Campus, a PreK–8 school that is a member of Gulliver Schools, is within Coral Gables.[89] The management offices of Gulliver Schools were formerly located in Coral Gables.[90] The lower campus of Riviera Schools is located in Coral Gables.

The historic St. Theresa Catholic School, a Pre-K–8 school is located near Coral Gables Biltmore Hotel. St. Philip's Episcopal School, French-American School of Miami, and St. Thomas Episcopal Parish School, all Pre-K–5 schools, are also located in Coral Gables. Coral Gables Preparatory Academy, a private K-8 school, is located in Coral Gables.

Public libraries
Further information: Coral Gables Branch Library

Miami-Dade Public Library System operates Coral Gables Branch Library in Coral Gables.[91]

Notable people
See also: List of University of Miami alumni

Places of interest
Miami Biltmore Hotel, built in 1926 in Coral Gables, March 2011

Festivals and events
  • Miracle Mile in Downtown Coral Gables
    Miracle Mile in Downtown Coral Gables
  • Miracle Theater on Miracle Mile
    Miracle Theater on Miracle Mile
  • Typical residential street in Coral Gables
    Typical residential street in Coral Gables
  • DeSoto Fountain
    DeSoto Fountain
  • Coral Gables City Hall with its statue of Merrick
    Coral Gables City Hall with its statue of Merrick
  • Venetian Pool is a Coral Gables public swimming pool.
    Venetian Pool is a Coral Gables public swimming pool.
  • Giralda Avenue in Coral Gables
    Giralda Avenue in Coral Gables
  • Giralda Plaza
    Giralda Plaza
  • Shops at Merrick Park
    Shops at Merrick Park
  • Alhambra Water Tower
    Alhambra Water Tower
  • Miami Biltmore Hotel
    Miami Biltmore Hotel
  • Miracle Theater on Miracle Mile
    Miracle Theater on Miracle Mile
  • Gardens at Merrick Park
    Gardens at Merrick Park
  • Ponce de Leon Boulevard
    Ponce de Leon Boulevard
  • Downtown Coral Gables along Alhambra Circle
    Downtown Coral Gables along Alhambra Circle

Sister cities
See also: List of sister cities in Florida

Coral Gables' sister cities are:[101]

Notes
    1. Language spoken at home among residents at least five years old; only languages (or language groups) which at least 2% of residents have spoken at any time since 1980 are mentioned
    2. Refers to 2013–2017 American Community Survey data;[47] the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the 2000 census
    3. Refers to 2008–2012 American Community Survey data;[48] the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the 2000 census
    4. Refers to 2013–2017 American Community Survey data;[52][53] the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the 2000 census
    5. Refers to 2008–2012 American Community Survey data;[54][55] the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the 2000 census
    6. Only countries of birth which at least 3% of residents were born in at any time since 1980 were born in are mentioned

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