Cubatão

Cubatão is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 12 kilometers away from Santos seaport, the largest in Latin America. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista.[2] The population is 131,626 (2020 est.) in an area of 142.88 km2.[3] It hosts industries, refining oil, steel mills and fertilizers.

Cubatão
Aerial view of Cubatão
Aerial view of Cubatão
Flag of Cubatão
Flag
Coat of arms of Cubatão
Coat of arms
Location of Cubatão
Location of Cubatão
Cubatão is located in Brazil
Cubatão
Cubatão
Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 23°53′43″S 46°25′32″W
Country Brazil
RegionSoutheast
State São Paulo
Metropolitan RegionBaixada Santista
Founded9 April 1833 (1833-04-09)
Government
 • MayorAdemário da Silva Oliveira (PSDB)
Area
 • Total142.88 km2 (55.17 sq mi)
Elevation
4 m (13 ft)
Population
 (2020 [1])
 • Total131,626
 • Density920/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-3 (BRT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-2 (BRST)
HDI (2000)0,772 – medium
WebsiteCubatão

In the early 1980s, Cubatão was one of the most polluted cities in the world, nicknamed "Valley of Death", due to births of brainless children and respiratory, hepatic and blood illnesses. High air pollution was killing forest over hills around the city. It was ranked the top ten dirtiest cities in the world by Popular Science.

Around 12:00 AM (03:00 GMT) on Saturday, 25 February 1984, an oil spill set the shantytown Vila Socó on fire, killing 93 people according to official figures of the government, though the actual death toll may be more than 200.[4] The contamination of workers with persistent organic pollutants put the now defunct Rhodia into Greenpeace's top 10 world's worst corporate crimes ever in its report to Rio Summit in 1992.

Strong efforts were made to diminish pollution in the city, costing US$ 1.2 billion so far. Although things have improved a lot, it is impossible to completely clean the soil and groundwater and while many large industries continue to work in such a small area, there will always be some pollution.

Cubatão was mentioned in the Jello Biafra-Sepultura collaboration "Biotech is Godzilla" on the group's 1993 album Chaos A.D.

Cubatão is the name of an A La Carte song from 1981.[5]

Sister cities

Divisions

Piaçaguera

Piaçaguera is a location within the city of Cubatão in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The Rodovia Cônego Domênico Rangoni highway, formerly known as the Piaçaguera-Guarujá highway, starts there. It connects the Via Anchieta to Guarujá, crossing the Bertioga canal. It is there that the climb through the Serra do Mar escarpment begins by way of the Santos-Jundiaí railway line.

"Piaçaguera" is a term from the Tupi language that means "old port" by way of the conjunction of the two words "peasaba" ("port") and "ûera" ("velho").[19]

References
  1. IBGE 2020
  2. "Lei Complementar nº 815, de 30 de julho de 1996". www.al.sp.gov.br.
  3. "IBGE | Portal do IBGE | IBGE". www.ibge.gov.br.
  4. Upi (1984-03-26). "DEATH TOLL IN BRAZILIAN FIRE IS NOW PUT AT 508". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  5. "A la Carte – Cubatao Lyrics".
  6. "LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 907, DE 09/04/1972 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal" [MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 907, FROM 1972-4-9 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation] (in Portuguese). Cubatão Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  7. "Um monumento à amizade (2)" [A monument to friendship (2)] (in Portuguese). Novo Milênio Electronic Journal. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  8. "LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.594, DE 18/06/1986 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal" [MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,594, FROM 1986-6-18 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation] (in Portuguese). Cubatão Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  9. "Um monumento à amizade (2)" [A monument to friendship (2)] (in Portuguese). Novo Milênio Electronic Journal. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  10. "LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.976, DE 03/10/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal" [MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,976, FROM 1991-10-3 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation] (in Portuguese). Cubatão Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  11. "Um monumento à amizade (2)" [A monument to friendship (2)] (in Portuguese). Novo Milênio Electronic Journal. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  12. "LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 1.993, DE 07/11/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal" [MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 1,993, FROM 1991-11-7 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation] (in Portuguese). Cubatão Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  13. "Um monumento à amizade (2)" [A monument to friendship (2)] (in Portuguese). Novo Milênio Electronic Journal. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  14. "LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 2.002, DE 18/11/1991 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal" [MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 2,002, FROM 1991-11-18 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation] (in Portuguese). Cubatão Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  15. "Um monumento à amizade (2)" [A monument to friendship (2)] (in Portuguese). Novo Milênio Electronic Journal. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  16. "LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 2.086, DE 17/09/1992 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal" [MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 2,086, FROM 1992-9-17 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation] (in Portuguese). Cubatão Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  17. "Um monumento à amizade (2)" [A monument to friendship (2)] (in Portuguese). Novo Milênio Electronic Journal. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  18. "LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 3.047, DE 26/12/2005 – Cubatão / SP – Legislação Municipal" [MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 3,047, FROM 2005-12-26 – Cubatão / SP – Municipal Legislation] (in Portuguese). Cubatão Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  19. NAVARRO, E. A. Método moderno de tupi antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos. 3ª edição. São Paulo. Global. 2005. p 118.
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