Devanagari numerals
The Devanagari numerals are the symbols used to write numbers in the Devanagari script, the predominant for northern Indian languages. They are used to write decimal numbers, instead of the Western Arabic numerals.
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Table
| Modern Devanagari | Western Arabic |
Words for the cardinal number | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanskrit (wordstem) |
Hindi | Marathi | Nepali | ||
| ० | 0 | śūnya (शून्य) | शून्य (śūny) | शून्य (śūnya) | शून्य (śūnya) |
| १ | 1 | eka (एकः) | एक (ek) | एक (ek) | एक (ek) |
| २ | 2 | dvi (द्वि) | दो (do) | दोन (don) | दुइ (dui) |
| ३ | 3 | tri (त्रिणि) | तीन (tīn) | तीन (tīn) | तिन (tīn) |
| ४ | 4 | catur (चत्वारी) | चार (cār) | चार (cār) | चारि (cāri) |
| ५ | 5 | pañca (पञ्च) | पाँच (pāñc) | पाच (pāch) | पाँच (pānch) |
| ६ | 6 | ṣaṭ (षट्) | छह (chah) | सहा (sahā) | छअ (chaā) |
| ७ | 7 | sapta (सप्त) | सात (sāt) | सात (sāt) | सात (sāt) |
| ८ | 8 | aṣṭa (अष्ट) | आठ (āṭh) | आठ (āṭh) | आठ (āṭha) |
| ९ | 9 | nava (नव) | नौ (nau) | नऊ (naū) | नअ (nā) |
The word śūnya for zero was calqued into Arabic as صف sifr, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via Medieval Latin zephirum.[1]
Variants
A comparison of Sanskrit and Eastern Arabic numerals
Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.[2][3]
| १ |  Common |
 Nepali |
1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ५ |  "Bombay" Variant |
 "Calcutta" Variant |
5 |
| ८ |  "Bombay" Variant |
 "Calcutta" Variant |
8 |
| ९ |  Common |
 Nepali Variant |
9 |
See also
References
- Notes
- "zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
- Devanagari for TEX version 2.17, page 22
- "Alternate digits in Devanagari". Scriptsource.org. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- Sources
- Sanskrit Siddham (Bonji) Numbers Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
- Devanagari Numbers in Nepali language
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