Ernest Bell (activist)

Ernest Bell (8 March 1851 – 14 September 1933) was an English author, publisher and activist for animal rights and welfare, humanitarianism and vegetarianism.[1]

For the pastoralist and politician, see Ernest Bell.

Ernest Bell
Born8 March 1851
Hampstead, London, England
Died14 September 1933 (1933-09-15) (aged 82)
Hendon, London, England
EducationTrinity College, Cambridge (BA, 1873; MA, 1876)
Occupation(s)Activist, publisher, writer
Spouses
Elize Wilhelmina Wolfel
​
​
(died 1881)​
    Marie Anna von Taysen
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1893)​
    Children1
    Parent
    AwardsLifetime award for his work for animal causes

    Biography

    Bell was born in Hampstead, the son of the publisher George Bell.[2] He was educated at St Paul's School, London and attended Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1873 with an BA and an MA in 1876.[1] During his time at Cambridge, Bell had joined the RSPCA in 1873 and in 1874 had become a vegetarian after reading Dr. Thomas Low Nichols' pamphlet How to Live on Sixpence a Day.[2][3] Bell learned German in Dresden after graduation.[1]

    Bell's first wife was Elize Wilhelmina Wolfel, who died in 1881;[4] they had one daughter together. In 1893, he married Marie Anna von Taysen; they had no children.[1]

    Bell spent most of his adult life working for his father's publishing company George Bell & Sons;[1] he was one of the first known English publishers to be a follower of Ralph Waldo Emerson.[1] He spent much time on the "administration and fund-raising for three main reform causes: vegetarianism, humanitarianism, and animal welfare."[5]

    Bell wrote the Preface for E. W. Bowdich's vegetarian cookbook New Vegetarian Dishes, in 1893.[6] He was also the editor of the Animals Life Readers, a series of books and launched the journal Animals' Friend (which he also edited).[2][7] He became a member of the Vegetarian Society and was elected a vice-president in 1896 and was president from 1914.[2]

    Bell was a friend of Henry S. Salt and was Chairman of the Humanitarian League.[2] He was also a close friend of fellow animal campaigner Jessey Wade, who worked for him as his secretary until his death.[8]

    For thirty years, Bell was the Honorary Secretary of the Hampstead Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. He was also the Chairman of the Committee of the Anti-Vivisection Society and of the National Anti-Vivisection Society[2] and involved with the Anti-Bearing Rein Association, National Canine Defence League (now Dogs Trust) and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.[9] Bell founded the League Against Cruel Sports (LACS) in 1924 with Henry B. Amos,[9] Jessey Wade[8] and George Greenwood.[10]

    Bell became chairman of the board of directors of George Bell & Sons in 1926 and in 1929, he received a lifetime award from a collaboration between 22 different animal societies.[1]

    Bell died in Hendon in 1933, at the age of 82.[2]

    Contributions to organisations
    Ernest Bell freeing a caged bird c. 1902

    Bell donated a significant amount of his income to various societies throughout his life.[1] He also co-founded and worked for a number of animal and vegetarian organisations:[8][11][5]

    • Animals' Friend Society (Council member)
    • Anti-Bearing Rein Association (Hon. Secretary)
    • Anti-Vivisection Society (chairman)
    • Cats Protection League (now known as Cats Protection; Treasurer)
    • Humanitarian League (chairman and Treasurer for over 20 years)
    • League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports (now known as the League Against Cruel Sports; co-founder and Hon. Treasurer)
    • London Vegetarian Society (Chairman of Committee)
    • National Anti-Vivisection Society (chairman)
    • National Canine Defence League (Council member)
    • National Equine Defence League (Treasurer)
    • National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports (co-founder)
    • Performing and Captive Animals' Defence League (co-founder)
    • Pit Ponies' Protection Society (Treasurer)
    • Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Council member)
    • Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Hon. Secretary of the Hampstead branch for 30 years)
    • Vegetarian Society (Vice-president 1896–1914; President 1914–1933)

    Legacy

    A library to preserve Bell's writings known as the Ernest Bell Library, was proposed by Henry S. Salt in 1934 and was established by the executive of the Vegetarian Society in 1936. The library has more than 1,500 books, journals, magazines and newspapers.[12] It is currently cared for by The Humanitarian League, a Hong Kong-based organisation named after the original Humanitarian League.[13]

    Selected publications
    • The Animals' Friend (1904)
    • Christmas Cruelties (1907)
    • The Inner Life of Animals (editor, 1913)
    • Stray Thoughts About Vegetarians (1910)
    • Why Do Animals Exist? (1910)
    • Big-Game Hunting (1915)
    • The Need for Humane Education (1915)
    • In a Nutshell: Cons and Pros of the Meatless Diet (1920)
    • An After-Life for Animals (1922)
    • Speak Up for the Animals: Poems for Reading and Recitations (editor, 1923)
    • Some Social Results of the Meatless Diet (1924)
    • Bell's Joy Book (1926), Bell donated all of the profits to the Vegetarian Home for Children[1]
    • Fair Treatment for Animals (1927)
    • The Humane Diet and Common Sense (1927)
    • Proper Relationship between Men and the Other Animals (1927)
    • Superiority in the Lower Animals (1927)
    • Summer School Papers: Animal, Vegetable and General (1928)
    • The Wider Sympathy (1932)

    References
    1. Smith, Virginia (22 September 2005). "Bell, Ernest (1851–1933), publisher and animal welfare campaigner". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40996. Retrieved 25 June 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    2. "Ernest Bell, President of the Vegetarian Society". The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review. October 1933.
    3. Amos, Henry Brown (1933). "Ernest Bell: An Appreciation". Cruel Sports: 83.
    4. Hampstead Registry Office, December 1881 quarter, Vol 1a, page 440.
    5. Allen, Daniel; Watkins, Charles; Matless, David (April 2016). "'An incredibly vile sport': Campaigns against Otter Hunting in Britain, 1900–39" (PDF). Rural History. 27 (1): 79–101. doi:10.1017/S0956793315000175. ISSN 0956-7933.
    6. Bowdich, E. W. (1893). New Vegetarian Dishes. George Bell & Sons.
    7. Li, Chien-hui (2017). Mobilizing Traditions in the First Wave of the British Animal Defense Movement. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 195. ISBN 9781137526519.
    8. Edmundson, John (14 November 2013). "The Brown Linties by Jessey Wade". HappyCow. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
    9. May, Allyson N. (2013). The Fox-Hunting Controversy, 1781–2004: Class and Cruelty. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4094-6069-5.
    10. "The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
    11. "Ernest Bell". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
    12. "Ernest Bell Library". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    13. Edmundson, John. "The Ernest Bell Library, Our Etymological Past, Sixpences, Dogs and Anti-Vivisection". HappyCow. Retrieved 2 July 2020.

    Further reading
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