Foreign relations of Guinea

The foreign relations of Guinea, including those with its West African neighbors, have improved steadily since 1985.[1]

Politics of Guinea
Constitution
Government
Parliament
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
flag Guinea portal
Nations with which Guinea has diplomatic relations.

Diplomatic history

Guinea re-established relations with France and West Germany in 1975, and with neighboring Ivory Coast and Senegal in 1978.[2] Guinea has been active in efforts toward regional integration and cooperation, especially regarding the Organisation of African Unity and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

Guinea has participated in both diplomatic and military efforts to resolve conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau, and contributed contingents of troops to peacekeeping operations in all three countries as part of ECOMOG, the Military Observer Group of ECOWAS.[3] In the 1990s, Guinea hosted almost a million refugees fleeing the civil wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia.[4] As of 2004, Guinea maintained a policy of unrestricted admission to refugees.[4]

Guinea is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military (as covered under Article 98).[5]

2009 ambassador recall

On 5 May 2009, President Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a bloodless coup which followed the 22 December 2008 death of President Lansana Conté, announced the recall of 30 of Guinea's ambassadors to other countries.[6] The order was made by a presidential decree on state television and was the first major diplomatic move made by the new leader.[6]

The decision affected ambassadors to the United States, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Cuba, Switzerland, Serbia, Malaysia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Senegal, Nigeria, Libya, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, Gabon, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau, comprising almost all of Guinea's foreign embassies.[6][7][8] The Guinean representatives to the European Union, the United Nations and the African Union were also affected.[6][7]

No reason was stated for the recall.[7] The Tocqueville Connection states: "Most of the ambassadors were appointed by former prime minister Lansana Kouyaté, in office from February 2007 until May 2008,"[7] raising the possibility that the recall was an attempt on the part of Camara to distance himself from the previous government.

In late March 2009, the Guinean ambassador to Serbia faced expulsion for personal involvement in cigarette smuggling (1,000 packs of cigarettes were found in his BMW) but avoided arrest due to diplomatic immunity (although he was declared as persona non grata).[9]

2021 coup d'etat

The September 5, 2021 coup d'etat brought swift condemnation and threats of sanctions from the United Nations, the African Union, the West African regional bloc ECOWAS (which suspended Guinea), and close allies of Guinea—as well as the United States—among others.[10][11][12] China, uncharacteristically, also openly opposed the coup.[13]

Further information: 2021 Guinean coup d'état

Bilateral relations
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 27 August 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1992[14]
 Australia
  • Australia and Guinea share close interests in the mining sector. They are the two largest bauxite producers in the world (see List of countries by bauxite production) and were founding signatories in the 1970s of the (now defunct) International Bauxite Agreement. Australian companies are involved in developing the Guinean mining sector.
  • Guinea is accredited to Australia, through its embassy in Tokyo.[15]
  • Australia is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Accra, Ghana.[16]
 Azerbaijan 11 March 1992
  • The Republic of Guinea was one of the first states to recognize the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on January 9, 1992.[17]
  • The Republic of Guinea was also the first African state to establish diplomatic relations with Azerbaijan, creating bilateral diplomatic ties on March 11, 1992.[18]
 Bahrain 5 January 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1974[19]
 Belgium 28 January 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1960 when has been accredited Mr. G. Walravens as Ambassador of Belgium to Guinea with residence in Accra (Ghana).[20]
 Benin 26 February 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1962 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Dahomey Mr. Leon Maka presented his credentials to President Maga.[21]
 Botswana 20 April 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 2007[22]
 Canada28 March 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1962[23]
 Chad 29 August 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1968 when Guinea's first Ambassador to Chad, Mr. Filly Cissoko, presented his credentials to President Tombolbaye[26]
 China14 October 1959See China–Guinea relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1959, making Guinea the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to establish formal relations with China.[27] China has become heavily dependent upon Guinea for bauxite (aluminum ore) -- Guinea's principal export—consuming half of it.[13]

 Colombia 30 September 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1988[28]
 Comoros 11 August 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1981 when Ambassador of Guinea M. Moussa Doumbouya, has presented his credentials to President of Comoros M. Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane.[29]
 Republic of Congo 1 July 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1968 when Guinea's Ambassador to the Congo Republic, M. Fily Sissoko, presented his credentials to President Massamba-Debat.[30]
 Cote d'Ivoire 21 March 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1961[31],was were broken in September 1973 and re-established on 14 April 1978[32]
 Croatia 8 December 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1997[33]
 Cuba 30 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 August 1960[34]
 Djibouti 7 August 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 1978 when Ambassador of Guinea Mr. Iebel Combassa, presented his credentials to President of Djibouti Mr. Hassan Gouled Aptidon.[35]
 Eritrea 8 February 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 2019 when Ambassador of Guinea Mr. Soriba Camara presented his letters of credentials.[36]
 Ethiopia 22 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1962 when Guinea Ambassador to United Arab Republic (Egypt) Mr. Seydou Diallo was received by Emperor Haile Selassie as Ambassador also to Ethiopia[37]
 Fiji 27 January 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 2011[38]
 France21 January 1959Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1959 and appointed M. Nobi Youla as first ambassador of Guinea to France and M. Francis Hure appointed as charge d'affaires of France to Guinea[39]
  • France has an embassy in Conakry.[40]
  • Guinea has an embassy in Paris.[41]
 Georgia 31 July 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1998[42]
 Germany 30 July 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1959[43]

See Germany–Guinea relations

  • Germany has an embassy in Conakry.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Berlin.
 Ghana1958
  • Guinea has an embassy in Accra, which was opened in 1958.[44]
  • Ghana has an embassy in Conakry which is also accredited to Guinea-Bissau.[45]
 Guatemala 12 February 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1993[46]
 Guinea-Bissau 12 February 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1974 when Guinea-Bissau's first ambassador presented his credentials to President Toure[47]
 Haiti 10 January 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1983 when first Ambassador of Guinea to haiti (resident in New York) Mr. Alpha Ibrahima Diallo presented his credentials to President Jean Claude Duvalier[48]
 Iceland 14 May 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 2004[49]
 India 8 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1960[50]
 Indonesia1963
  • Indonesia's embassy in Dakar, Senegal is accredited to Guinea.
  • Guinea's embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is accredited to Indonesia.[51]
 Israel12 January 1959See Guinea–Israel relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1959.[52] Guinea broke off diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967[53]They resumed diplomatic relations on 20 July 2016[54]

 Jordan 17 May 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 1966[55]
 Kuwait 12 March 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1964 when Guinea's first Ambassador to Kuwait presented his credentials to the Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.[56]
 Lebanon 3 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1960 when Lebanese Government appointed its Minister to Liberia to be Minister to Guinea as well.[57]
 Liberia1958
  • Guinea has an embassy in Monrovia, which was opened in 1958.[44]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Conakry.
 Libya 26 March 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1968[58]
 Madagascar 26 December 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 1972[59]
 Malaysia
 Mali 7 March 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 March 1962 when M. Thiemoko Compah has been appointed as Minister Resident of Mali to Republic of Guinea.[61]
 Mauritius 29 October 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 1973[62]
 Mexico25 January 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1962[63]
 Myanmar 6 June 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2017[66]
 Namibia 18 September 2002 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2002 when has been accredited non-resident Ambassador of Guinea to Namibia Mr. Alexandre CeCe Loua.[67]
   Nepal 12 May 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 2016[68]
 North Korea8 October 1958Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1958[69]
  • North Korea has an embassy in Conakry.
 Philippines 8 October 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1982[70]
 Poland 29 June 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 1959[71]
 Portugal 2 January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 January 1979[72]
 Rwanda 28 June 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1967 when Guinean ambassador to Rwanda M. Fily Cissoko, has presented his credentials to President Kiyibanda.[73]
 Serbia10 November 1959Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1959[74]
  • Serbia is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Belgrade.[75]


 Sierra Leone 20 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1961 when Mr. Abdoul Karim , Ambassador of Sierra Leone to Guinea presented his credentials to President Sekou Toure.[76]
 Solomon Islands 11 August 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 2011[77]
 South Korea28 August 2006
  • Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Guinea were established on 28 August 2006.[78] The number of South Koreans living in Guinea in 2011 was 70.[79]
  • Guinea is accredited to South Korea, through its embassy in Tokyo.[15]
  • South Korea is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
 Somalia
 Sri Lanka 6 August 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 August 1991 when has been accredited Ambassador of Guinea to Sri Lanka ( Resident in New Delhi ) Mr. Hadj Boubacar Barry.[81]
 Sudan 24 August 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1961 when first Guinean Ambassador to Sudan (resident in Cairo) Mr. Seydou Diallo, presented his credentials to Presidenr Abbud[82]
  Switzerland 19 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1960[83]
 Tanzania 22 December 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1966 when has been accredited Ambassador of Guinea to Tanzania with residence in Dar es Salaam Mr. Fily Cissoko.[84]
 Tunisia 30 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1962[85]
 Turkey1960[86]
 Ukraine 4 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 April 1992[88]
 United States13 February 1959Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1959[89]

See Guinea – United States relations

Guinea became the first French African colony to gain independence, on 2 October 1958, at the cost of the immediate cessation of all French assistance.

After a temporary suspension due to nationwide political unrest in early 2007, the Peace Corps program in Guinea resumed operations at the end of July. Prior to the suspension, Peace Corps had more than 100 volunteers throughout the country, and the program is gradually increasing its numbers again. Volunteers work in four project areas: secondary education, environment/agro-forestry, public health and HIV/AIDS prevention, and small enterprise development. Guinea has also had a strong Crisis Corps program through the last few years.

The U.S. "condemned" Guinea's "2008 military coup d'etat,"—but had "close relations" with Guinea before the coup, and after "Guinea's presidential elections in 2010"—in support of "democratic reform."[90] However, the U.S. State Department immediately condemned the September 5, 2021 coup d'etat, warning against "violence and any extra-constitutional measures, [which] could limit the ability of the United States and Guinea's other international partners to support the country..."[10][11]

 Venezuela 16 March 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965[93]
 Vietnam9 October 1958Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1958[94]
  • Guinea is the first country in Africa to establish formal diplomatic relations with Vietnam.
  • Vietnam's embassy in Rabat, Morocco is accredited to Guinea.
  • Guinea's embassy in Beijing, China is accredited to Vietnam.[95]
 Zambia 10 November 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1967 when the first Guinean Ambassador to Zambia , Mr. Fily Cissoko , presented his credentials to President Kaunda[96]
 Zimbabwe 30 April 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Zimbabwe presented his credentials.[97]

See also

References
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