Foreign relations of Hamas

The foreign relations of Hamas refers to the international relations of Hamas, who are the governing authorities of the Gaza Strip. Hamas was widely condemned following its 2023 attack on Israel.[1] As of 2023, Ali Baraka is the group's head of external relations.[2]

Relations with Africa
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Relations between Hamas and Other Countries
CountryStatusMore information
 Algeria Diplomatic Support The Foreign Ministry issued a statement heavily condemning the Israeli bombing of Gaza, urging international bodies to intervene in the conflict and declaring sympathy for the Palestinians fighting against "Israeli colonial settlement". Algeria has been a major supporter of Hamas.[3]
 Angola Neutral Angola called for restrain and dialogue by both Hamas and Israel.[4]
 Botswana Neutral Botswana condemned violence against civilians by Hamas and Israel and urged for an immediate cessation of hostilities.[5]
 Cameroon Diplomatic Opposition Cameroon backed Israel and condemned Hamas in the wake of the Israel-Hamas War.[6]
 Cape Verde Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, Cape Verde voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Comoros Diplomatic Support In 2018, Comoros voted against condemning Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Congo Diplomatic Support In 2018, The Congo voted against condemning Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Diplomatic Opposition The DRC condemned Hamas and backed Israel in the wake of the Israel-Hamas War.[8]
 Djibouti Diplomatic Support Djibouti stated its support for Palestine following the Israel-Hamas War.[9]
 Egypt Opposes Hamas In June 2015, Egypt's appeals court overturned a prior ruling that listed Hamas as a terrorist organization.[10] In February 2015, Cairo's Urgent Matters Court designated Hamas as a terrorist organization, as part of a crack down on the Muslim Brotherhood movement following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état. The court accused Hamas of carrying terrorist attacks in Egypt through tunnels linking the Sinai Peninsula to the Gaza Strip.[11] In March 2014, the same court outlawed Hamas' activities in Egypt, ordered the closure of its offices and to arrest any Hamas member found in the country.[12][13]
 Gabon Diplomatic Support but calls for Dialogue Gabon was one of four countries to vote with Russia at the United Nations Security Council on a resolution that condemns all the violence in Gaza without explicitly condemning Hamas.[14]
 Ghana Diplomatic Opposition but calls for Dialogue The Foreign Ministry released a statement saying that "While Ghana affirms its support for Israel’s right to exist and defend itself, it calls on the Israeli government to exercise restraint in its response to Hamas attacks".[15]
 Guinea Diplomatic Support In 2018, Guinea voted against condemning Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Guinea-Bissau Neutral President Umaro Sissoco Embalo condemned the actions by Israel when he called for "a cease-fire in the Gaza Strip, lamenting the escalation of violence and loss of human life."[16] He later called on “both sides to hold back because there is a lot of human loss."
 Kenya Diplomatic Opposition Korir Sing'Oei, the Principal Secretary in the State Department for Foreign Affairs, said that the country strongly condemned "the despicable terror attack against Israel and regrets the carnage and senseless loss of life", while repudiating "the planners, funders and implementers of this heinous attack." It acknowledged Israel's "right to retaliate," but urged "a peaceful path to resolving this unfortunate development."[17]
 Lesotho Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, Lesotho voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Liberia Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, Liberia voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Libya Diplomatic Support The House of Representatives expressed support for Gaza.[18]
 Malawi Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, Malawi voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Mali Diplomatic Support Mali stated its support for Palestine.[6]
 Mauritania Diplomatic Support The Foreign Ministry said (in response to the Israel-Hamas conflict) in a statement that "What is happening is the inevitable result of provocations and continued violations of the rights of the Palestinian people as well as the sanctity of the holy Al-Aqsa Mosque by the authorities of Israeli occupation."[19]
 Morocco Neutral The Foreign Ministry expressed "its deep concern at the deterioration of the situation and the outbreak of military action in the Gaza Strip," and condemned "attacks against civilians wherever they may be."[20]
 Mozambique Diplomatic Support but calls for Dialogue Mozambique was one of four countries to vote with Russia at the United Nations Security Council on a resolution that condemns all the violence in Gaza without explicitly condemning Hamas.[14]
 Namibia Diplomatic Support The government condemned the escalation of violence, urged for diplomatic solutions and called on Israel to "cease its attacks and refrain from engaging in provocative acts against the Palestinian people."[21]
 Niger Diplomatic Support Niger stated its support for Palestine.[6]
 Nigeria Neutral Foreign Minister Yusuf Tuggar called for de-escalation, and asked both sides "to exercise restraint, prioritise the safety of civilians and give room for humanitarian considerations".[22]
 Rwanda Diplomatic Opposition The government supports Israel against in Hamas in the Israel-Hamas War.[23]
 Somalia Diplomatic Support Somalia blamed Israel for the al-Ahli Arab Hospital bombing.[24]
 South Africa Diplomatic Support The Foreign Ministry issued a statement calling for de-escalation and blaming the conflagration on "the continued illegal occupation of Palestine land, continued settlement expansion, desecration of the Al Aqsa Mosque and Christian holy sites, and ongoing oppression of the Palestinian people". South Africa affirmed its support of a two-state solution.[25]
 South Sudan Diplomatic Opposition President Salva Kiir Mayardit wrote to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that South Sudan expressed "deepest sympathies [...] for the people you have lost to the heinous and provoked terror by Hamas," stating further that "no amount of political grievances can justify the killings of innocent civilians."[26]
 Sudan Diplomatic Support The Foreign Ministry said that Sudan supported "the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people to have their independent state", and called "for adherence to international resolutions and the protection of innocent civilians."[27][9]
 Tanzania Neutral The Foreign Ministry condemned all violence and called for dialogue between both sides.[28]
 Togo Diplomatic Opposition Togo's foreign minister, Robert Dussey, made a statement in which he strongly denounced the terrorist attack carried out by Hamas against Israeli people.[29]
 Tunisia Diplomatic Support The country expressed support for the Palestinian cause.[30]
 Uganda Neutral President Yoweri Museveni has called for dialogue between Israel and Hamas and urged for a peaceful resolution.[31]
 Western Sahara Diplomatic Support The Polisario Front expressed support for the Palestinian people against Israel in the wake of the Israel-Hamas War.[32]
 Zambia Diplomatic Opposition Foreign Minister Stanley Kakubo backed Israel in a statement condemning Hamas' attacks.[9]
 Zimbabwe Diplomatic Support Zimbabwe condemned the actions by Israel in Gaza.[23]

Former
Relations between Hamas and Other Countries
CountryStatusMore information
 Egypt Supported Hamas Egypt under Mohamed Morsi who was in power from 2011 to 2013, supported Hamas.[33]
 Sudan Supported Hamas Sudan under President Omar al-Bashir was a major supporter of Hamas and provided Hamas, its rockets.[34]

Relations with Asia
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Relations between Hamas and Other Countries
CountryStatusMore information
 Afghanistan Supports Hamas The Foreign Ministry of the Taliban said that the country had "carefully monitored the recent events in the Gaza Strip" and considered "the occurrence of such events to be the result of Israeli Zionists trampling on the rights of the oppressed Palestinian people and repeated insults and disrespect to Muslim holy places, and any type of defense and the resistance of the Palestinian people for freedom."[35] The Taliban have supplied numerous arms to Hamas.
 Armenia Neutral The Foreign Ministry expressed its shock at the violence between Palestinians and Israelis and the targeting of civilians, saying that it was joining "the international community demanding an end to the violence."[36]
 Azerbaijan Neutral The Foreign Ministry condemned "violence against civilians in the Israel-Palestine conflict zone" and called "for an urgent de-escalation of the situation."[37]
 Cyprus Diplomatic Opposition President Nikos Christodoulides and the Cypriot embassy in Israel condemned the attacks and stated that Cyprus stood with Israel.[38][39]
 Georgia Diplomatic Opposition The Foreign Ministry strongly condemned the attack on Israel, and expressed solidarity with the Israeli government and people. The ministry also offered thoughts and condolences and wished a speedy recovery to the injured.[40]
 Iran Supports Hamas See Iranian support for Hamas
 Israel Enemy of Hamas Israel is the main enemy of Hamas.
 Japan Diplomatic Opposition A Foreign Ministry spokesperson said that the country "strongly condemns the rocket attacks and armed incursions against Israel" and expressed "its condolences to the bereaved families and its heartfelt sympathy to the injured."[41]
 Kyrgyzstan Neutral The Foreign Ministry called for dialogue and the cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hamas.[42]
 Qatar Supports Hamas See Qatari support for Hamas
 South Korea Diplomatic Opposition The Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that the government strongly condemned "the indiscriminate attacks on Israel from Gaza including rocket attacks", and called for "an immediate halt" to them.[43]
 Taiwan Diplomatic Opposition The Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that the country strongly condemned "the indiscriminate attacks against Israelis carried out by Hamas." It also said Taiwan stood "in solidarity with Israel" and denounced "all forms of terrorism", adding that their thoughts were "with the victims & families at this tragic juncture."[44][45]
 Thailand Diplomatic Opposition Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin expressed his deepest condolences to the government and people of Israel, and condemned Hamas' attack.[46] Deputy foreign affairs minister Jakkapong Sangmanee later said that the country's position was "one of neutrality" and that the government favoured "a solution that would allow Palestine and Israel to coexist."[47]
 Turkey Supports Hamas See Turkish support for Hamas
 Yemen Diplomatic Support The Foreign Ministry confirmed that the government was following the course of events and escalation taking place in the occupied Palestinian territories, and called for the protection of civilians and an end to the provocations of the Israeli occupation forces and their repeated attacks on the Palestinian people and their sanctities. It also affirmed the government's "firm" position to help achieve the aspirations of the Palestinian people for a decent life, and the establishment of their independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, in accordance with the Arab Peace Initiative and relevant international resolutions and legislation.[48]

Former
Relations between Hamas and Other Countries
CountryStatusMore information
 Israel Supported Hamas Islamists appeared to be more interested in studying the Quran than fighting Israel when Israel first came into contact with them in Gaza in the 1970s and 1980s. Mujama al-Islamiya, a forerunner of Hamas, was recognized by the Israeli authorities and registered as a charity. Members of the Mujama were able to establish an Islamic university as well as mosques, clubs, and schools. Importantly, Israel frequently took a back seat to the Islamists' sometimes deadly power struggles with their secular, left-wing Palestinian counterparts in Gaza and the West Bank. David Hacham, an Israeli military Arab relations specialist who operated in Gaza in the late 1980s and early 1990s, says, "When I look back at the chain of events, I think we made a mistake." However, none at the time considered the outcomes that might occur." On the extent to which their own actions may have helped to Hamas's rise, Israeli officials who served in Gaza disagree. They attribute the recent growth of the group to outside forces, mainly Iran. The Israeli government holds the same opinion.[49][50]

Relations with the Americas
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Relations between Hamas and Other Countries
CountryStatusMore information
 Antigua and Barbuda Diplomatic Opposition The government issued a statement condemning Hamas and conveying sympathies to the families of the victims of the attacks.[51]
 Argentina Diplomatic Opposition President Alberto Fernández condemned the "brutal terrorist attacks" against Israel,[52] while the Foreign Ministry stated that it "deplores" the "terrorist actions of Hamas against Israeli territory", further expressing solidarity with the Israeli people and sending condolences to those affected.[53] Fernández later said on social media that he had made a phone call to Israeli president Isaac Herzog during which he expressed Argentina's "energic repudiation and condemnation of the atrocious terrorist attacks committed by Hamas."[54]
 Paraguay Diplomatic Opposition The military wing of Hamas, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, is listed as a terrorist organization. President Santiago Peña condemned "these inhuman actions (by Hamas) that threaten the peace of the world", while the Foreign Ministry condemned the attacks by Hamas.[55]

Relations with Europe
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Relations between Hamas and Other Countries
CountryStatusMore information
 Albania Diplomatic Opposition Prime Minister Edi Rama and Foreign Minister Igli Hasani expressed strong condemnation of the attack and expressed solidarity with the victims, their families and all of Israel.[56][57]
 Andorra Diplomatic Opposition Prime Minister Xavier Espot issued a statement condemning the "terrorist attacks perpetrated in various locations in Israel", expressing "solidarity with the Israeli authorities and civilian population", as well as a call to "stop the escalation of violence and respect international humanitarian law and deploy all diplomatic efforts to protect the civilian populations of both Israel and Palestine".[58]
 Austria Diplomatic Opposition Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg announced the suspension of the delivery of 19 million euros ($20 million) of aid to Palestinian areas on 9 October in response to Hamas' attack and said that it would review its existing projects in Palestine. He also said that he would summon the Iranian ambassador to address Iran's "abhorrent reactions" to the attack.[59]
 Liechtenstein Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, Liechtenstein voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Luxembourg Diplomatic Opposition Foreign Minister Jean Asselborn condemned Hamas's attack, and underlined the need for a renewed international commitment to a two-state solution.[60]
 Monaco Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, Monaco voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 San Marino Diplomatic Opposition San Marino condemned the attacks on Israel by Hamas.[61]
  Vatican City Neutral Pope Francis called for peace between Israel and Palestine.[62] Following the Angelus prayer on 8 October, he called for a halt to the fighting, and said that "terrorism and war do not lead to any solution, but only to the death and suffering of so many innocent people," adding that "war is always a defeat."[63] He later urged Hamas to release all its hostages, and voiced concern over Israel's imposition of a total siege on Gaza while saying that it was the "right of those who are attacked to defend themselves", referring to the Israeli military response.[64]

Relations with Oceania
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Relations between Hamas and Other Countries
CountryStatusMore information
 Australia Diplomatic Opposition Foreign Minister Penny Wong said that "Australia unequivocally condemns the attacks on Israel by Hamas including indiscriminate rocket fire on cities and civilians."[65] Prime Minister Anthony Albanese also strongly condemned the attacks.[66]
 Fiji Diplomatic Opposition Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka condemned the "terrorist attacks by Hamas which targeted innocent non-combatants" and reaffirmed Fiji's support for Israel's right to "defend itself and its people."[67]
 Kiribati Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, Kiribati voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Marshall Islands Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, The Marshall Islands voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Micronesia Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, The Federated States of Micronesia voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]
 Nauru Diplomatic Opposition The government condemned the attacks and the "taking of innocent civilians as hostages," further calling on the international community to "stand in solidarity and prayer with the State of Israel," while also supporting "Israel's right to defend itself."[68]
 New Zealand Diplomatic Opposition Foreign Minister Nanaia Mahuta expressed deep concern at the outbreak of violence between Israel and Gaza. She called for the immediate halt to violence, the protection of all civilians, and the upholding of international humanitarian law.[69] Prime Minister Chris Hipkins subsequently stated that New Zealand unequivocally condemned Hamas' terror attacks, stating that the target of civilians and hostage taking violated fundamental international humanitarian principles. Hipkins also stated Israel had the right to defend itself.[70]
 Palau Diplomatic Opposition President Surangel Whipps Jr. wrote to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu where he condemned the attack by Hamas on Israel, calling it an "act of terror," further adding Palau's solidarity with Israel.[71]
 Papua New Guinea Diplomatic Opposition but calls for Dialogue Prime Minister James Marape condemned the attacks in Israel. He also called on Hamas and other militant groups to resolve matters in relation to Israel through dialogue and called on Israel to consider its response to the attacks.[72]
 Tuvalu Diplomatic Opposition In 2018, Tuvalu voted to condemn Hamas at the United Nations.[7]

Relations with other Organizations

Legend:

Organizations that are enemies of Hamas
Organizations with complex relations with Hamas
Organizations which openly or allegedly support Hamas
Relations between Hamas and Other Organizations
OrganizationStatusMore information
al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb Allegedly supports Hamas [73]
DFLP Supports Hamas The DFLP has actively been fighting alongside Hamas in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[74]
Fatah Complex relations Reconciliation ongoing
 Hezbollah Supports Hamas Although Hezbollah and Hamas are not organizationally linked, Hezbollah provides military training as well as financial and moral support to the Sunni Palestinian group.[75] Furthermore, Hezbollah was a strong supporter of the second Intifada.[76]
Houthis Supports Hamas [77][78]
Islamic Jihad Supports Hamas Islamic Jihad has actively been fighting alongside Hamas in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[79]
 ISIS Hostile towards Hamas ISIS has declared war on Hamas and has called on members of its group to do bombings on Hamas locations.[80]
Lions' Den Supports Hamas The Lion's Den has actively been fighting alongside Hamas in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[81]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Polisario Front Supports Hamas The Polisario Front expressed support for the Palestinian people against Israel in the wake of the Israel-Hamas War.[82]
PFLP Supports Hamas The PFLP has actively been fighting alongside Hamas in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[83]
Popular Mobilization Forces Allegedly supports Hamas The Popular Mobilization Forces has been allegedly providing support for Hamas.[84]

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