Foreign relations of Peru

Peru is an important first-tier state in South America,[1] Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1945,[2] and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Alberto Fujimori's tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, mainly small countries like Yemen but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001.

Politics of Peru
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Congress of the Republic
President
José Williams
Judiciary

Supreme Court of the Republic
President Elvia Barrios
Autonomies
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Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
flag Peru portal

Peru is planning full integration into the Andean Free Trade Area. In addition, Peru is a standing member of APEC and the World Trade Organization, and is an active participant in negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

Bilateral relations
Nations with which Peru has diplomatic relations.

Africa
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria10 March 1972
Main article: Algeria–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1972[3]

 Angola6 September 1985
Main article: Angola–Peru relations
  • Angola and Peru established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1985[5]
  • Angola is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Benin22 November 2017
  • Peru and Benin established bilateral relations on 22 November 2017[6]
 BotswanaMay 5, 1989
  • Peru and Botswana enjoy bilateral relations.
 Burkina FasoMarch 1966
  • Burkina Faso is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • Burkina Faso is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Cameroon
  • Peru and Cameroon enjoy bilateral relations.
  • Cameroon is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.[4]
 Cape Verde1 November 1988Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1988[7]
  • Cape Verde and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Central African Republic
  • Peru and the Central African Republic enjoy bilateral relations.
  • The Central African Republic is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
Congo-Brazzaville12 July 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1975[8]
  • The Republic of the Congo is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
Congo-Kinshasa3 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1975.[9]
  • The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Cote d'Ivoire18 August 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1964.[10]
  • Ivory Coast is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Djibouti28 February 2018
  • Peru and Djibouti established bilateral relations on 28 February 2018[11]
 Egypt7 October 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1963.[12]
Main article: Egypt–Peru relations
 Equatorial Guinea28 April 1981Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1981[13]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Eswatini5 August 2005Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1989[14] and on 5 August 2005[15]
  • Eswatini and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Ethiopia10 September 1967Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1967[16]
  • Peru and Ethiopia enjoy bilateral relations.
 Ghana23 June 1987
Main article: Ghana–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1987[17]

 Guinea8 January 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1975[18]
  • Peru and Guinea enjoy bilateral relations.
 Guinea Bissau29 September 1986Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1986[19]
  • Peru and Guinea Bissau enjoy bilateral relations.
 Kenya25 February 1976
  • Kenya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
  • Peru has an honorary consulate in Nairobi. It formerly had an embassy from 1987 to 1990, which was serviced by Jesús Fortunato Isasi Cayo, the ambassador from its opening to its closure.[20][21]
 Lesotho21 July 1989Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1989[22]
  • Lesotho and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Libya25 April 1974
Main article: Libya–Peru relations
  • Libya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
  • Peru was accredited to Libya from its embassy in Algiers, and was also the first country to sever relations with Libya before the civil war.
 Mali16 July 1998Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1998[23]
  • Mali is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Mauritania19 June 1990Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 1990[24]
  • Mauritania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Rabat.
 MauritiusDecember 14, 2005
  • Mauritius and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Morocco18 June 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1964[25]
Main article: Morocco–Peru relations
 Mozambique20 February 1986Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1986[26]
  • Peru is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria.
 Namibia11 July 1990
Main article: Namibia–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1990[27]

  • Peru established relations with SWAPO, preceding Namibian independence.[28]
  • Namibia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Niger17 November 1965
  • Niger and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Nigeria5 July 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1971[29]
 Rwanda7 December 2017Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 2017[30]
  • Peru and Rwanda enjoy bilateral relations.
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic5 May 1987, broken 9 September 1996
8 September 2021, broken 18 August 2022
15 September 2022, broken 8 September 2023[31]
Main article: Peru–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations
  • The SADR has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru established formal relations with the SADR on 5 May 1987,[32] under Alan García, but recognition existed since 16 August 1984. Said relations expired on 9 September 1996, with Peru taking a neutral part in the Western Sahara conflict.[33][34][35]
  • On September 8, 2021, Peru and the SADR re-established their bilateral relations,[36] but the former again severed them on August 16, 2022,[37] renovating them one month later.[38]
 São Tomé and Príncipe4 May 1989Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 May 1989[39]
  • São Tomé and Príncipe and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Senegal
  • Senegal is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Senegal from its embassy in Rabat.
 Seychelles15 January 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1992[40]
  • The Seychelles and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Sierra Leone15 May 1989Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 May 1989[41]
  • Sierra Leone is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.
 South Africa28 July 1993Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 July 1993[42]
Main article: Peru–South Africa relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Pretoria. A Consulate was also maintained in Cape Town which closed in 1985.[43]
  • South Africa is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago.[4]
 SudanOctober 7, 1988
  • Sudan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Tanzania12 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1975[8]
  • Tanzania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Togo18 December 2017
  • Peru and Togo established bilateral relations on 18 December 2017[44]
 TunisiaSeptember 1966
  • Peru is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[4]
 Uganda4 June 2021
  • Peru and Uganda established bilateral relations on 4 June 2021[45]
 Zambia5 October 1970Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1970[46]
  • Peru is accredited to Zambia from its embassy in Pretoria. It previously maintained an embassy in Lusaka until 1990.[21]
  • Zambia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.[4]
 ZimbabweMarch 1986
  • Peru is accredited to Zimbabwe from its embassy in Pretoria. It previously maintained an embassy in Harare until 1990.[21]
  • Zimbabwe is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.[4]

Americas
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda24 June 1985Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1985[47]
  • Peru and Antigua and Barbuda enjoy bilateral relations.
 Argentina10 July 1822
Main article: Argentina–Peru relations
 BahamasSeptember 18, 1985
  • Peru is accredited to the Bahamas from its embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Barbados29 February 1968Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 February 1968[50]
  • Peru is accredited to Barbados from its embassy in Washington D.C.
  • Barbados is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[4]
 Belize27 November 1991Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 November 1991[51]
 Bolivia24 June 1826Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1826[53]
Main article: Bolivia–Peru relations
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in La Paz.
 Brazil3 February 1827Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1827.[54]
Main article: Brazil–Peru relations
 Canada30 January 1944 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1944[55]
Main article: Canada–Peru relations
 Chile8 October 1822 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1822[59]
Main article: Chile–Peru relations

In November 1999, Peru and Chile signed three agreements which put to rest the remaining obstacles holding up implementation of the 1929 Treaty of Lima, which officially ended the 1879 War of the Pacific. In December 1999, President Alberto Fujimori made the first visit ever to Chile by a Peruvian head of state.

Relations between the two nations have since mostly recovered. In 2005, the Peruvian Congress unilaterally approved a law which increased the stated sea limit with Chile. This law superseded the Peruvian supreme decree 781 for same purpose from 1947, which had autolimited its maritime border to geographical parallels only. Peru's position was that the border has never been fully demarcated, but Chile disagreed reminding on treaties in 1952 and 1954 between the countries, which supposedly defined seaborder. The border problem has still not been solved. However, Chile's Michelle Bachelet and Peru's Alan García have established a positive diplomatic relationship, and it is very unlikely any hostilities will break out because of the dispute.

Nevertheless, in early April 2007, Peruvian nationalistic sectors, mainly represented by left wing ex-presidential candidate Ollanta Humala decided to congregate at 'hito uno' right at the border with Chile, in a symbolic attempt to claim sovereignty over a maritime area known in Peru as Mar de Grau (Grau's Sea) just west of the Chilean city of Arica. Peruvian police stopped a group of nearly 2,000 people just 10 km from the border, preventing them from reaching their intended destination. Despite these incidents, the presidents of both Chile and Peru have confirmed their intentions to improve the relationships between the two countries, mainly fueled by the huge amount of commercial exchange between both countries' private sectors.

 Colombia6 July 1822Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1822.[60]
Main article: Colombia–Peru relations
 Costa Rica28 April 1851
Main article: Costa Rica–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1851[61]

 Cuba11 January 1905Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1905.[62]
Main article: Cuba–Peru relations
  • Peru had relations with Cuba prior to 1972, but broke them off in the 1960s.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Havana.
 Dominica18 March 1986
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1986[63]
 Dominican Republic6 April 1874Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1874[64]
Main article: Dominican Republic–Peru relations
 Ecuador26 September 1831Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1831[65]
Main article: Ecuador–Peru relations
See also: Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute
  • In October 1998, Peru and Ecuador signed a peace accord which definitively resolved border differences which had, over the years, resulted in armed conflict. Peru and Ecuador are now jointly coordinating an internationally sponsored border integration project. The United States Government, as one of four guarantor states, was actively involved in facilitating the 1998 peace accord between Peru and Ecuador and remains committed to its implementation. The United States has pledged $40 million to the Peru-Ecuador border integration project and another $4 million to support Peruvian and Ecuadorian demining efforts along their common border.
  • In November 2009, Peru made an agreement with Ecuador in which Peru would export between 40 and 50 megawatts of electricity until April 2010 in order to help Ecuador with its energy crisis.[66] Rafael Correa, Ecuador's president, expressed his gratitude to Peru for its generous aid during Ecuador's energy crisis.[67]
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil.
 El Salvador10 July 1857Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1857[68]
Main article: El Salvador–Peru relations
 Grenada16 March 1983Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1983.[69][70]
  • Peru is accredited to Grenada from its embassy in Port-au-Spain.
  • Grenada is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[4]
 Guatemala20 April 1857
Main article: Guatemala–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1857[71]

 Guyana17 July 1971
 Haiti1929
 Honduras5 August 1856
Main article: Honduras–Peru relations
 Mexico23 January 1823Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1823[76]
Main article: Mexico–Peru relations

Peru and Mexico have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archaeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations. Peru's President Alan García and Mexico's Felipe Calderón signed a joint declaration in April 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations.

 Jamaica29 April 1970Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970[79]
  • Jamaica has a consulate in Lima
  • Jamaica is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[4]
 Nicaragua28 June 1850
Main article: Nicaragua–Peru relations
 Panama2 March 1908
Main article: Panama–Peru relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 1908[80]
See also: List of ambassadors of Peru to Panama
 Paraguay27 October 1858 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1858[81]
Main article: Paraguay–Peru relations
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Peru is accredited to Saint Kitts and Nevis from its embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Saint Lucia1985
  • Peru is accredited to Saint Lucia through its embassy in Port of Spain.
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines5 May 1986Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1986[84]
  • Peru is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines through its embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are accredited to Peru through its embassy in Washington, D.C.[4]
 Suriname23 June 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1978[85]
 Trinidad and Tobago5 February 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1968[87]
Main article: Peru-Trinidad and Tobago relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.[4]
 United States2 May 1826
Main article: Peru–United States relations
  • The U.S. maintains an embassy in Lima, Peru.[4] There is a U.S. Consular Agency in Cuzco, and the USAID building is located in Lima.
 Uruguay13 November 1858
Main article: Peru–Uruguay relations
 Venezuela17 February 1853
Main article: Peru–Venezuela relations

In October 2021, the leftist government of Peru re-established diplomatic relations with the leftist Venezuelan government of President Nicolas Maduro after four years.[89]

Asia
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Afghanistan Afghanistan27 September 2012
See also: Foreign relations of Afghanistan
 Armenia9 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1992.[90]
 Azerbaijan 25 June 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1996[91]
Main article: Azerbaijan–Peru relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Baku.
 Bahrain22 September 2009Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2009[92]
  • Bahrain is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
 Bangladesh28 February 1983
  • Bangladesh is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in Bangkok.
 Brunei1 June 1990Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1990[93]
 Cambodia31 May 1976
  • Peru is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Cambodia have no official accredited Resident to Peru.
China China 2 November 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1971[94]
Main article: China–Peru relations
Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the Belt and Road Initiative
 China (ROC)26 June 1874, broken 2 November 1971
Main articles: Peru–Taiwan relations and Foreign relations of Taiwan
 Georgia 14 January 2010
Main article: Georgia–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 2010[95]

  • Georgia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
  • Peru has an honorary consulate in Tbilisi.
 India25 March 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1963[96]
Main article: India–Peru relations
 Indonesia12 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1975[97]
Main article: Indonesia-Peru relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Jakarta.
 Iran20 November 1973Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1973[98]
 Iraq11 October 1975 and 11 July 2012 renew diplomatic relations
  • Peru and Iraq agreed to renew their bilateral ties in 2012.
  • Iraq is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[4]
 Israel20 August 1957
Main article: Israel–Peru relations
 Japan21 August 1873 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1873.[103]
Main article: Japan–Peru relations
 Jordan21 October 1985[28]Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1985.[106]
  • Jordan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Jordan from its embassy in Cairo.
 Kazakhstan6 February 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 February 1997[107]
 Kuwait1 December 1975
Main article: Kuwait–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1975[108]

 Kyrgyzstan2 July 1999
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1999[109]
 Laos27 April 1989Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1989[110]
  • Laos is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Havana.
  • Peru is accredited to Laos from its embassy in Bangkok.
 LebanonMay 1949
  • Peru is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo.
  • Lebanon is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Bogotá.[4]
 Malaysia24 April 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1986[111]
Main article: Malaysia–Peru relations
 Maldives6 February 1989Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 February 1989[112]
  • The Maldives are accredited to Peru from their embassy in New York City
  • Peru is accredited to the Maldives from its embassy in India.
 Mongolia30 May 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1997[113]
  • Mongolia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Havana.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing.
 Myanmar17 April 1989Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 1989[114]
  • Myanmar is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
  • Peru is accredited to Myanmar from its embassy in Bangkok.
   Nepal28 January 1976Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1976[115]
  • Nepal is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in India.
 North Korea15 December 1988Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1988[116]
Main article: North Korea–Peru relations
  • North Korea has an embassy in Lima.
  • Diplomatic relationships between both countries are suspended since 2017.
 Oman14 May 1986Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1986[117]
  • Oman is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Pakistan1 September 1974
  • Pakistan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in Beijing.
 Palestine30 April 2011
Main article: Palestine–Peru relations
  • Peru recognized Palestine on 24 January 2011.[118]
  • Palestine has an embassy in Lima.[4]
 Philippines30 November 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1974[119]
Main article: Peru-Philippines relations
 Qatar7 November 1989
Main article: Peru–Qatar relations

At an official level, both countries began diplomatic relations in 1989.[120]

  • Peru has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Lima.[4]
 Saudi Arabia19 March 1986[28]
Main article: Peru–Saudi Arabia relations
 Singapore27 October 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1980[121]
  • Singapore is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Singapore.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Singapore.
 South Korea1 April 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1963[122]
Main article: Peru–South Korea relations
 Sri Lanka17 March 1975
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
 Syria16 August 1975
  • Syria is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago.[4]
 Tajikistan21 January 2000
  • Peru and Tajikistan established bilateral relations on 21 January 2000[123]
 Thailand10 November 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1965.[124]
Main article: Peru–Thailand relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Lima.
 Timor-Leste30 September 2002
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 2002[125]
  • Peru is accredited to East Timor from its embassy in Jakarta.
 Turkey1952[126]
Main article: Peru–Turkey relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul.[126]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Lima.[4][126]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$250 million in 2019 (Peruvian exports/imports: 72.6/177.4 million USD).[126]
 Turkmenistan7 May 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1997[127]
 United Arab Emirates17 June 1986
Main article: Peru–United Arab Emirates relations
 Uzbekistan22 December 1999
  • Peru and Uzbekistan established bilateral relations on 22 December 1999[128]
 Vietnam14 November 1994Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1994[129]
Main article: Peru–Vietnam relations
 Yemen
  • Peru is accredited to Yemen from its embassy in Riyadh.

Europe
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania6 December 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1971[130]
Main article: Albania–Peru relations
  • Peru and Albania established formal relations in 1971.
  • Albania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens. Until its dissolution, Peru was accredited from its embassy in Yugoslavia.
 Andorra3 June 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1997[131]
Main article: Andorra–Peru relations
  • Andorra does not hold an embassy in Peru.
  • Peru is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
 Austria2 November 1949[132]
Main article: Austria–Peru relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Lima, and honorary consulates in Cuzco, Trujillo, Iquitos, and Arequipa.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Vienna, and consulates in Innsbruck and Salzburg.[133]
 Belarus19 February 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1997[134] In 1999, Foreign Minister Sergei Martynov visited Peru.[135]
  • Belarus is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow.
 Belgium1 April 1852
Main article: Belgium–Peru relations
  • Belgium has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Brussels.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina23 January 1998Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1998[136]
Main article: Bosnia and Herzegovina–Peru relations
  • Peru is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Budapest.
 Bulgaria18 April 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 April 1969[137]
Main article: Bulgaria–Peru relations
 Croatia12 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1993[139]
Main article: Croatia–Peru relations
 Cyprus19 September 1966
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1966.[140][141] On October of the same year, relations were elevated to embassy level.[142]
  • Cyprus is represented in Peru through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.[4][143]
  • Peru is accredited to Cyprus from it missions in Italy.
 Czech Republic11 July 1922, broken 4 October 1957, restored 27 December 1968 ( with Czech Republic from 2 January 1993)
Main article: Czech Republic–Peru relations

Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1968[144]

Denmark
 Estonia27 July 1995Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1995[147]
Main article: Estonia–Peru relations
 Finland29 March 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 1963[149]
Main article: Finland–Peru relations
 European Union2000[150]
Main article: European Union–Peru relations
  • The European Union has a consulate in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has a section of its Ministry of Foreign Affairs dedicated to the European Union, as well as diplomatic relationships with its members.
 France1826
Main article: France–Peru relations
  • France has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Paris.
 Germany28 June 1951
(Federal Republic)
28 December 1972 – 1990
(Democratic Republic)		Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1871.[151]
Main article: Germany–Peru relations
 Greece3 December 1965
Main article: Greece–Peru relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1965[152]
  • Greece has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Athens.
 Hungary16 April 1969
Main article: Hungary–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1969[153]

  • Peru has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Lima.[4]
 Iceland14 November 1967Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1967[154]
  • Iceland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.
 Ireland27 June 1999
Main article: Ireland–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1999[155]

  • Ireland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Mexico City and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Dublin. Until 2017, the ambassador resided in London.
 Italy23 December 1874 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1874[156]
Main article: Italy–Peru relations
 Latvia23 July 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1996[159]
  • Latvia is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin.
  • Peru is accredited to Latvia through its embassy in Helsinki.
 Liechtenstein5 July 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1996[160]
  • Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Peru.
  • Peru is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern.
 Lithuania9 June 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1997[161]
  • Peru is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Helsinki.
 Luxembourg14 June 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1962[162][163]
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin.
  • Peru is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels.
 Malta27 April 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1977[164]
 Moldova11 August 1995[165]Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1995[166]
  • Peru is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest.
 Monaco13 October 2010Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 2010[167]
  • Monaco is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Paris, and it has a consulate in Lima.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris.
 Montenegro12 September 2006Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 2006[168]
Main article: Montenegro–Peru relations
  • Peru is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Bucharest.
 Netherlands1 February 1826
Main article: Netherlands–Peru relations
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Amsterdam.
 North Macedonia29 June 2005Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 2005[169]
Main article: North Macedonia–Peru relations
  • Peru is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Bucharest.
 Norway3 August 1923
Main article: Norway–Peru relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1923[170]

  • Peru has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Norway has a consulate-general in Lima and is accredited from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[4]
 Poland6 September 1923Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1923.[171] Peru refused to recognize the Polish government in London on December 29, 1945. Peru and Poland re-established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1969.[172]
Main article: Peru–Poland relations
 Portugal26 March 1853
Main article: Peru–Portugal relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1853[175]

  • Peru has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Lima.[4]
 Romania10 October 1939, broken 5 March 1942, Re-established diplomatic relations 9 November 1968
Main article: Peru–Romania relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.[4]
  • The Republic of Peru has an embassy and an honorary consulate, both in Bucharest.

Diplomatic relations' level:

  • Legation: October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942
  • Embassy: since November 9, 1968

Diplomatic relations' timeline:

  • October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942
  • since November 9, 1968[176]
 Russia16 May 1874 to 1918
1 February 1969
Main article: Peru–Russia relations
 San Marino24 February 2005Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 February 2005[179]
  • San Marino is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Rome.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to San Marino from its missions in Italy.
 Serbia10 December 1968
Main articles: Peru–Serbia relations and Peru–Yugoslavia relations
See also: Kosovo–Peru relations
  • Diplomatic relations between then Yugoslavia and Peru existed before the Second World War. They were renewed on 10 December 1968.
  • Serbia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[4][180]
  • Peru is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Budapest.[181]
 Slovakia1 January 1993
Main article: Peru–Slovakia relations
  • Slovakia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna.
 Slovenia9 September 1992
  • Slovenia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna.[182]
 Sovereign Military Order of Malta15 April 1953
See also: List of ambassadors of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to Peru
  • The Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy in Lima.[4]
  • Peru is accredited to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from its embassy in the Holy See.
 Spain15 November 1879Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 1879[183]
Main article: Peru–Spain relations
 Sweden11 February 1938 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1938.[186]
Main article: Peru–Sweden relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[187]
  Switzerland16 September 1884
Main article: Peru–Switzerland relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lima.[4]
 Ukraine7 May 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1992[188]
Main article: Peru–Ukraine relations
  • Peru was accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland. It was formerly accredited from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Lima.[4]
 United Kingdom10 October 1823Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 1823.[189]
Main article: Peru–United Kingdom relations
  Vatican City1 November 1852
Main article: Holy See–Peru relations

Oceania
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia1 March 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1963[190]
Main article: Australia–Peru relations

Both countries have an expanding relationship in all areas. In February 2018 trade ministers from both Peru and Australia signed a free trade agreement.[191] Until 2019, the Peruvian ambassador was also accredited to New Zealand.[192]

 Cook Islands5 October 2017[193][194]
  • Peru is accredited to the Cook Islands from its embassy in Canberra.
  • The Cook Islands are accredited to Peru from the Australian embassy in Lima.
 Fiji1983[195]
 Kiribati29 October 1983Both countries established diplomatic relations at embassy level on 29 October 1983[196][197]
  • Peru and Kiribati enjoy bilateral relations.[198]
 Marshall Islands14 November 1991
  • Peru and the Marshall Islands established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1991[199]
 Micronesia7 May 1992
  • Peru and Micronesia established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1992[200]
 Nauru1984
  • Peru and Nauru enjoy bilateral relations.[201][195]
 New Zealand4 July 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 July 1972[202]
Main article: New Zealand–Peru relations
  • New Zealand is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.[4]
  • Peru has an embassy in Wellington.
 Niue3 July 2020
  • Peru and Niue established diplomatic relations on 3 July 2020[203]
 Palau14 February 2019
  • Peru and Palau established diplomatic relations on 14 February 2019[204]
 Papua New Guinea14 September 1983Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1983[205]
  • Peru is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its consulate-general in Sydney.
 Samoa23 January 1984
  • Peru and Samoa established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1984[206]
 Solomon Islands14 March 2012
  • Peru and the Solomon Islands established diplomatic relations on 14 March 2012[207]
 Tonga20 January 1984
  • Peru and Tonga established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1984[208]
 Tuvalu29 March 2012
  • Peru and Tuvalu established diplomatic relations on 29 March 2012.[209]
 Vanuatu30 May 1986
  • Peru and Vanuatu established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1986[210]

Transnational issues

Illicit drugs

Until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 24% to 387 km2 at the end of 1999; most of cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing by maritime conveyance to Mexico, US, and Europe.

See also

References
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