Foreign relations of Malta
After independence in 1964, Malta followed a policy of close co-operation with NATO countries. Since 1971, the country sought relations with the rest of the world, including communist countries in Eastern Europe and the non-aligned countries.
After substantially increased financial contributions from several NATO countries (including the United States), the Royal Navy remained in the Malta Dockyard until 1979. Following their departure, Malta charted a new course of neutrality and became an active member of the Non-Aligned Movement. The country joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1973 as the third European member state after Cyprus and SFR Yugoslavia.[1] Malta is an active participant in the United Nations, the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, OSCE, and various other international organisations. In these forums, Malta has frequently expressed its concern for the peace and economic development of the Mediterranean region.
On May 1, 2004, Malta withdrew from the Non-Aligned Movement and became a full member of the European Union, with which it had an association agreement since 1971. It was one of ten new members which joined on that date. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs, at Palazzo Parisio, oversees the direction of Maltese foreign policy. The country has close relations with most sovereign countries, with an emphasis on increased trade and foreign direct investment.
Bilateral relations
List of countries which Malta has diplomatic relations with:[2]
# | Country | Date |
---|---|---|
1 | United Kingdom | September 1964[3] |
2 | United States | 21 September 1964[4] |
3 | Australia | 21 September 1964[5] |
4 | France | 21 September 1964[6] |
5 | Italy | 21 September 1964[7] |
6 | Germany | 4 December 1964[8] |
7 | Canada | 23 December 1964[9] |
8 | India | 10 March 1965[10] |
9 | South Korea | 30 April 1965[11] |
10 | Libya | 15 June 1965[12] |
11 | Belgium | June 1965[13] |
12 | Japan | 15 July 1965[14] |
13 | Netherlands | 6 October 1965 [15][16] |
14 | Egypt | 2 November 1965[17] |
— | Holy See | 15 December 1965[18] |
15 | Israel | December 1965[19] |
16 | Pakistan | January 1966[20] |
17 | Switzerland | 25 March 1966[21] |
18 | Greece | 30 April 1966[22] |
— | Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 27 June 1966[23] |
19 | Austria | 9 November 1966[24] |
20 | Russia | 26 July 1967[25] |
21 | Turkey | 10 October 1967[26] |
22 | Tunisia | 21 December 1967[27] |
23 | Romania | 7 June 1968[28] |
24 | Spain | 7 June 1968[29] |
25 | Czech Republic | 10 July 1968[30] |
26 | Serbia | 6 January 1969[31] |
27 | Norway | 7 February 1969[32] |
28 | Finland | 21 February 1969[33] |
29 | Denmark | 26 March 1969[34] |
30 | Luxembourg | 3 June 1969[35] |
31 | Sweden | June 1969[36] |
32 | Hungary | 12 December 1970[37] |
33 | Syria | 1970[38] |
34 | Bulgaria | 10 September 1971[39] |
35 | Poland | 23 October 1971[40] |
36 | Iraq | 3 December 1971[41] |
37 | North Korea | 20 December 1971[42] |
38 | China | 31 January 1972[43] |
39 | Iran | 11 May 1972[44] |
40 | Cyprus | 13 September 1972[45] |
41 | Kuwait | 3 October 1972[46] |
42 | Zambia | 17 October 1972[47] |
43 | Albania | 5 March 1973[48] |
44 | New Zealand | 17 October 1973 |
45 | United Arab Emirates | 20 November 1973[49] |
46 | Sudan | 27 November 1973[50] |
47 | Vietnam | 14 January 1974[51] |
48 | Ghana | 27 February 1974[52] |
49 | Nigeria | 24 May 1974[53] |
50 | Jordan | 4 June 1974[54] |
51 | Bahrain | 4 November 1974[55] |
52 | Oman | 4 November 1974[56] |
53 | Morocco | 18 December 1974[57] |
54 | Algeria | 22 January 1975[58] |
55 | Argentina | 29 May 1975[59] |
56 | Qatar | 18 June 1975[60] |
57 | Brazil | 23 June 1975[61] |
58 | Lebanon | 1 July 1975[62] |
59 | Portugal | 22 July 1975[63] |
60 | Saudi Arabia | 1 September 1975[64] |
61 | Malaysia | 8 October 1975[65] |
62 | Uruguay | 13 October 1975[66] |
63 | Mexico | 29 October 1975[67] |
64 | Panama | 19 January 1976[68] |
65 | Guyana | 12 March 1976[69] |
66 | Gambia | 21 October 1976[70] |
67 | Senegal | 3 November 1976[71] |
68 | Yemen | 24 February 1977[72] |
69 | Cuba | 11 April 1977[73] |
70 | Peru | 28 April 1977[74] |
71 | Philippines | 9 June 1977[75] |
72 | Venezuela | 17 September 1977[76] |
73 | Eswatini | 19 April 1979[77] |
74 | Mongolia | 8 August 1979[78] |
75 | Nicaragua | August 1979 |
76 | Indonesia | 1 December 1979[79] |
77 | Bangladesh | 20 December 1979[80] |
— | State of Palestine | 1979[81] |
78 | Ecuador | 1 January 1980 |
79 | Guinea | 30 March 1980[82] |
80 | Mali | 1 December 1980[83] |
81 | Costa Rica | 1980 |
82 | Mauritania | 1980 |
83 | Ethiopia | 30 November 1982[84] |
84 | Nepal | 25 September 1983[85] |
85 | Thailand | 17 December 1984 |
86 | Maldives | 5 March 1985 |
87 | Colombia | 31 March 1986[86] |
88 | Brunei | 15 August 1986[87] |
89 | Bolivia | 7 July 1987 |
90 | Singapore | 16 May 1988[88] |
91 | Seychelles | 11 April 1989 |
92 | Chile | 11 December 1989[89] |
93 | Ireland | 13 June 1990[90] |
94 | Estonia | 1 January 1992[91] |
95 | Latvia | 1 January 1992[92] |
96 | Ukraine | 5 March 1992[93] |
97 | Slovenia | 29 June 1992[94] |
98 | Croatia | 30 June 1992[95] |
99 | Slovakia | 1 January 1993[96] |
100 | Kazakhstan | 4 February 1993[97] |
101 | South Africa | 10 February 1993[98] |
102 | Belarus | 16 February 1993[99] |
103 | Kyrgyzstan | 19 February 1993[100] |
104 | Turkmenistan | 25 February 1993[101] |
105 | Uzbekistan | 25 February 1993[102] |
106 | Georgia | 26 February 1993[103] |
107 | Armenia | 7 June 1993[104] |
108 | Lithuania | 7 February 1994 |
109 | Marshall Islands | 8 February 1994 |
110 | Azerbaijan | 9 January 1995[105] |
111 | San Marino | 17 July 1995[106] |
112 | Andorra | 25 July 1995 |
113 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 14 October 1995[107] |
114 | Guatemala | 11 December 1995 |
115 | Moldova | 3 July 1996[108] |
116 | Iceland | 3 July 1998 |
117 | Sri Lanka | 27 January 2000[109] |
118 | Monaco | 11 April 2001[110] |
119 | Sierra Leone | 16 October 2001 |
120 | Liechtenstein | 12 May 2003[111] |
121 | Timor Leste | 20 May 2003 |
122 | Honduras | 8 June 2004 |
123 | El Salvador | 9 June 2004 |
124 | Paraguay | 8 July 2004 |
125 | Uganda | 21 July 2004 |
126 | Samoa | 22 July 2004 |
127 | Antigua and Barbuda | 23 July 2004 |
128 | Bahamas | 20 September 2004 |
129 | Vanuatu | 29 September 2004 |
130 | Belize | 1 October 2004 |
131 | Jamaica | 27 October 2004 |
132 | Kenya | 5 November 2004 |
133 | Namibia | 9 December 2004[112] |
134 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 10 December 2004 |
135 | Botswana | 6 January 2005[113] |
136 | Cambodia | 13 January 2005[114] |
137 | Dominica | 11 February 2005[115] |
138 | Mauritius | 19 May 2005[116] |
139 | Barbados | 21 October 2005 |
140 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 25 November 2005[117] |
141 | Tuvalu | 20 January 2006 |
142 | Cameroon | 27 January 2006 |
143 | Lesotho | 11 April 2006[118] |
144 | Montenegro | 19 July 2006 |
145 | Tonga | 3 May 2007 |
146 | Tajikistan | 25 September 2007[119] |
147 | Afghanistan | 8 February 2008 |
148 | Burkina Faso | 8 February 2008 |
149 | Togo | 16 May 2008 |
150 | Liberia | 20 May 2008 |
151 | Nauru | 19 November 2008 |
152 | Niger | 11 December 2008 |
153 | Eritrea | 18 December 2008 |
154 | Benin | 25 March 2009 |
155 | Mozambique | 18 May 2009 |
156 | Trinidad and Tobago | 24 September 2009 |
157 | Saint Lucia | 11 March 2010 |
158 | Angola | 15 June 2010 |
159 | Solomon Islands | 23 December 2010 |
160 | Laos | 13 January 2011 |
161 | Republic of Congo | 14 February 2011 |
162 | Grenada | 26 May 2011 |
163 | Malawi | 21 July 2011[120] |
— | Kosovo | 23 September 2011[121] |
164 | Somalia | 11 June 2014[122] |
165 | Fiji | 11 December 2014 |
166 | Burundi | 12 January 2015 |
167 | Tanzania | 11 June 2015 |
168 | Cote d'Ivoire | 6 November 2015[123] |
169 | Cape Verde | 17 March 2016 |
170 | North Macedonia | 25 January 2017[124] |
171 | Dominican Republic | 23 February 2017[125] |
172 | Myanmar | 5 April 2017 |
173 | Papua New Guinea | 6 October 2017[126][127] |
— | Cook Islands | 6 October 2017[128] |
174 | Djibouti | 26 June 2018 |
175 | Rwanda | 12 July 2018 |
176 | Palau | 17 July 2018 |
177 | Sao Tome and Principe | 24 September 2018 |
178 | Federated States of Micronesia | 25 September 2018 |
179 | Madagascar | 22 September 2021 |
180 | Kiribati | 21 September 2022 |
181 | Suriname | 18 May 2023[129] |
Africa
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Egypt | 4 November 1965 | |
Gambia | 21 October 1976 |
Both countries have a Memorandum on Migration Matters.[132] |
Ghana | 27 February 1974 | |
Lesotho | 11 April 2006 |
|
Libya | 15 June 1965 | see Libya–Malta relations
Malta has enjoyed cordial relations with Libya ever since its Independence. In 1984, a Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation was signed with Gaddafi's regime by Dom Mintoff. This treaty included a security protocol in which Libyan forces agreed to train and arm their Maltese counterparts. Libya supplied Malta with refined crude oil starting in 1975. Libyan nationals did not require visas to enter Malta until 2004. |
Tunisia | 20 December 1967 |
|
Uganda | 21 July 2004 |
|
Americas
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 28 May 1975 |
|
Brazil | 23 June 1975 |
|
Canada | 21 December 1964 |
|
Chile | 11 December 1989 |
In July 2017, Maltese President Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca paid an official visit to Chile.
|
Guyana | 12 March 1976 |
|
Mexico | 29 October 1975 |
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 10 December 2004 |
|
Trinidad and Tobago | 24 September 2009 |
|
United States | 21 September 1964 | See Malta–United States relations
Malta and the United States established full diplomatic relations upon Malta's independence in 1964; overall relations are currently active and cordial. The United States has been sympathetic to Malta's campaign to attract private investment, and some firms operating in Malta have U.S. ownership or investment. These include major hotels, manufacturing and repair facilities, and some offices servicing local and regional operations.
|
Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Armenia | 7 June 1993 | |
China | 31 January 1972 | see China–Malta relations |
Cyprus | 13 September 1972 | See Cyprus–Malta relations
|
Georgia | 26 February 1993 |
|
India | 10 March 1965 | see India–Malta relations
|
Israel | December 1965 |
|
Kyrgyzstan | 19 February 1993 |
|
Pakistan | January 1966 |
|
Saudi Arabia | 1 September 1975 | |
South Korea | April 2, 1965[152] |
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Malta began on April 2, 1965.
|
Tajikistan | 25 September 2007 |
|
Turkey | 10 October 1967 | See Malta–Turkey relations
|
Europe
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Austria | 9 November 1966 |
|
Belarus | 16 February 1993 | |
Belgium | June 1965 | |
Bulgaria | 11 September 1971 |
|
Croatia | 30 June 1992 |
|
Czech Republic | 10 July 1968 and 1 January 1993 |
|
Denmark | 26 March 1969 |
|
Estonia | 1 January 1992 |
|
Finland | 21 February 1969 | See Finland–Malta relations |
France | 21 September 1964 |
|
Germany | 16 February 1965 |
|
Greece | 30 April 1966 | See Greece–Malta relations
|
Holy See | 15 December 1965 |
|
Hungary | 12 December 1970 |
|
Iceland | 3 July 1998 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 3, 1998.[171] |
Ireland | 13 June 1990 |
|
Italy | See Italy–Malta relations
| |
Kosovo | 22 September 2011 |
|
Lithuania | 7 February 1994 |
|
Moldova | 3 July 1996 |
|
Netherlands | 1965 | See Malta–Netherlands relations
|
North Macedonia | 25 January 2017 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 25, 2017.[186] |
Poland |
| |
Portugal | November 1968 | See Malta–Portugal relations
|
Romania | 7 June 1968 |
|
Russia | 26 July 1967 | See Malta–Russia relations
|
Serbia | 4 June 1968 | See Malta–Serbia relations |
Slovakia | 1 January 1993 | See Malta–Slovakia relations
|
Slovenia | 29 June 1992 |
|
Spain | 10 October 1968 | See Malta–Spain relations
|
Sweden | June 1969 |
|
Ukraine | 5 March 1992 | See Malta–Ukraine relations
|
United Kingdom | 21 September 1964 | See Malta – United Kingdom relations
In the 1950s and 1960s, serious consideration was given in both countries to the idea of a political union between the United Kingdom and Malta. However, this plan for "Integration with Britain" foundered, and Malta gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. |
Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 21 September 1964 | see Australia–Malta relations
Both countries have full embassy level diplomatic relations since 1967. Australia has a High Commission in Valletta. Malta has a High Commission in Canberra, 2 Consulates-General (in Melbourne and Sydney), and 4 honorary consulates (in Adelaide, Ascot Vale, Melbourne and Perth). Maltese president Eddie Fenech Adami embarked on a state visit to Australia in February 2009, where he met with Governor-General Quentin Bryce and Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. During an official dinner in honour of the Maltese President, Kevin Rudd declared "Australia would not be as complete without Malta".[207] In the same month, Maltese Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister Tonio Borg visited Australia for discussions with Australian foreign minister Stephen Smith, where the commercial relationship between the two countries were discussed, in particular the signing of a contract between a Perth-based shipbuilding company and the Maltese armed forces for the construction and delivery of four inshore patrol craft.[208] |
Malta and the Commonwealth of Nations
Malta has been a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1964, when it became an independent Dominion under the name 'State of Malta'.
Malta became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations on December 13, 1974, when the last Governor-General of Malta, Sir Anthony Mamo became the first President of Malta.
See also
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{{cite web}}
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