Rizhao

Rizhao (Chinese: 日照), alternatively romanized as Jihchao, is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Shandong province, China. It is situated on the coastline along the Yellow Sea, and features a major seaport, the Port of Rizhao. It borders Qingdao to the northeast, Weifang to the north, Linyi to the west and southwest, and faces Korea and Japan across the Yellow Sea to the east.

Rizhao
日照市
Jihchao
Rizhao Seaport
Rizhao Seaport
Location of Rizhao City jurisdiction in Shandong
Location of Rizhao City jurisdiction in Shandong
Coordinates (Rizhao municipal government): 35°25′01″N 119°31′37″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShandong
County-level divisions4
Municipal seatDonggang District
Government
  CPC SecretaryYang Jun (杨军)
  MayorLi Tongdao (李同道)
Area
  Prefecture-level city5,359 km2 (2,069 sq mi)
  Urban
1,915 km2 (739 sq mi)
  Metro
1,507 km2 (582 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)[2]
  Prefecture-level city2,968,365
  Density550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
  Urban
1,551,513
  Urban density810/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
  Metro
1,172,205
  Metro density780/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Area code0633
ISO 3166 codeCN-SD-11
License Plate Prefix鲁L
Rizhao
Chinese日照
Literal meaning"Sunshine"

The name of the city literally means "sunshine".[3] The city is known for its sustainability, and it mandates solar-water heaters in all new buildings. Rizhao city was recognized by the United Nations as one of the most habitable cities in the world in 2009.[4][5]

The city population stands at 2,968,365 people as of the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 1,172,205 live in the urban area of Donggang District.

History

Rizhao is located at the place where the ancient Dawenkou culture and the Longshan culture flourished. Rizhao belonged to the Dongyi people during the Xia and Shang dynasties (2070-1046 BC), and to Ju and Yue States in the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC) and the Warring States period (476-221 BC). It became a part of Langye Commandery in the Qin dynasty (221-206 BC). Rizhao was named Haiqu County (海曲縣) during the Western Han (206 BC-25 AD) and Xihai County under the Eastern Han (25-220 AD).

During the Tang dynasty, together with Ju County, Rizhao belonged to Mi Prefecture of Henan Prefecture. In the second year of the Yuanyou Period of the Song dynasty, Rizhao Township was established, with the name meaning "(the first to get) sunshine". In the 24th year of the Dading Period of the Jin dynasty, Rizhao County was established. In 1940 it came under the control of the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War. After being a county and since 1985 a city under the administration of Linyi, Rizhao became a prefecture-level city within Shandong province in 1989.

The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago has done field survey archaeological work in Rizhao over the years.[6]

Climate

Rizhao has a temperate, four-season, monsoon-influenced climate that lies in the transition between the humid subtropical (Köppen Cwa) and humid continental (Köppen Dwa) regimes, but favoring the former. Winter is cool to cold and windy, but generally dry, with a January average of −0.3 °C (31.5 °F). Summer is generally hot and humid, but sweltering days are rare, with an August average of 25.7 °C (78.3 °F). Due to its proximity to the coast and being on a peninsula, it experiences a one-month delayed spring compared to much of the province. Conversely, fall is milder than inland areas in Shandong. The annual mean temperature is 12.95 °C (55.3 °F). On average, there are 2,530 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the relative humidity is 70–74 %.

Climate data for Rizhao (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.6
(58.3)
19.0
(66.2)
25.0
(77.0)
34.0
(93.2)
35.7
(96.3)
38.3
(100.9)
41.4
(106.5)
36.2
(97.2)
37.6
(99.7)
30.2
(86.4)
25.8
(78.4)
17.9
(64.2)
41.4
(106.5)
Average high °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9)
6.4
(43.5)
11.3
(52.3)
17.2
(63.0)
22.5
(72.5)
25.4
(77.7)
28.5
(83.3)
28.9
(84.0)
25.9
(78.6)
20.7
(69.3)
13.4
(56.1)
6.8
(44.2)
17.6
(63.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.3
(32.5)
2.3
(36.1)
6.8
(44.2)
12.7
(54.9)
18.2
(64.8)
21.8
(71.2)
25.5
(77.9)
25.9
(78.6)
22.3
(72.1)
16.6
(61.9)
9.3
(48.7)
2.7
(36.9)
13.7
(56.7)
Average low °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0)
−0.9
(30.4)
3.4
(38.1)
9.0
(48.2)
14.7
(58.5)
19.1
(66.4)
23.1
(73.6)
23.3
(73.9)
19.0
(66.2)
12.9
(55.2)
5.8
(42.4)
−0.5
(31.1)
10.5
(50.9)
Record low °C (°F) −13.8
(7.2)
−12.6
(9.3)
−7.1
(19.2)
−2.5
(27.5)
5.9
(42.6)
11.5
(52.7)
14.9
(58.8)
13.4
(56.1)
9.4
(48.9)
0.5
(32.9)
−7.2
(19.0)
−12.2
(10.0)
−13.8
(7.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 11.3
(0.44)
18.6
(0.73)
22.2
(0.87)
37.7
(1.48)
77.5
(3.05)
87.2
(3.43)
197.2
(7.76)
163.4
(6.43)
86.9
(3.42)
39.0
(1.54)
35.3
(1.39)
16.5
(0.65)
792.8
(31.19)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.3 4.5 5.0 6.8 8.0 8.6 13.0 11.3 7.5 5.2 5.2 3.5 81.9
Average snowy days 2.8 2.3 0.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 1.6 8.1
Average relative humidity (%) 59 63 63 65 70 81 86 83 73 65 63 58 69
Mean monthly sunshine hours 172.9 163.4 206.8 217.8 230.1 187.5 175.3 196.7 204.9 201.3 173.2 176.6 2,306.5
Percent possible sunshine 55 53 55 55 53 43 40 48 56 58 57 58 53
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[7][8]
Source 2: Weather China[9]

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Rizhao administers four county-level divisions, including two districts and two counties.

Map

Landmarks and tourist attractions

The following locations have a 4-star rating according to Chinese classification for scenic spots (旅游景区质量等级)

  • Wulian Mountain (五莲山风景区)
  • Fulai Mountain (浮来山风景区)
  • Daqing Mountain (大青山风景区)
  • Wanpingkou Beach (万平口风景区)
  • Rizhao Beach National Park (日照海滨国家森林公园)
  • Longmengu (龙门崮风景区)
  • Liujiawan Park (刘家湾赶海园)

Sustainable development

The city now mandates the incorporation of solar panels in all new buildings, and oversees the construction process to ensure the panels are correctly installed.[10] The effort to install solar water heaters began in 1992.

Transportation

Rizhao features a major seaport (Port of Rizhao), located approximately 620 km (390 mi) north of Shanghai, 170 km (110 mi) southwest of Qingdao, and 120 km (75 mi) north of Lianyungang. The seaport serves as a site for loading and unloading iron ore and coal. Other products passing through the harbor include cement, nickel, bauxite, and the like.[11] In 2011 the Port of Rizhao, together with the cities of Qingdao, Weihai and Yantai in Shandong, signed a strategic alliance with Busan, the largest port of the Republic of Korea. The alliance aims at building a shipping and logistics center in Northeast Asia.[12] The new iron ore port of Lanqiao is located close to it as is the Lanshan port region.[13]

Rizhao Shanzihe Airport (IATA: RIZ) is an airport serving the city of Rizhao. The airport received approval from the State Council and the Central Military Commission in October 2013. It is located in the town of Houcun (后村镇), Donggang District. It was opened on 22 December 2015.

The city is served by two railway stations, Rizhao railway station for local trains and Rizhao West railway station for both local and high-speed services.

Education

Universities and colleges

Since becoming a city, Rizhao has seen a significant growth in the number of universities and colleges, all of which are located in or near the University City (大学城) of Donggang District.

International relations

Rizhao twin towns and sister cities are:

References

  1. 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  2. "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  3. Worldwatch Institute. (2007). State of the World : Our Urban Future. :108
  4. "China coastal city wins UN Habitat award - China.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
  5. "Shandong Rizhao becomes the sixth city in China to win the UN Habitat Award". 杨锈祯 党正林. 2009-10-06. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  6. "Expeditions @ Field Museum - Feinman and Underhill - About the Expedition". archive.fieldmuseum.org.
  7. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  8. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  9. 日照 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  10. Levinson, Matthew and Chen, Jing, 2008-05-01."China — the rise of the green city", ScienceAlert Australia and New Zealand, retrieved on 2008-08-23
  11. http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/613350/china_company_report_rizhao_port_co_ltd
  12. "Four Chinese ports ally with ROK's largest port". Marine News China. 29 September 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  13. Guide to port entry. IHS Guides. 1 January 2017.
  14. "Города побратимы для Туркменистана | Общество | Гундогар". gundogar-news.com.
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