Hangzhou Metro

The Hangzhou Metro (Chinese: 杭州地铁) is a rapid transit system that serves Hangzhou in Zhejiang province, China. The system opened on November 24, 2012.[2] It is the 17th city in China to operate a rapid transit system.

Hangzhou Metro
Overview
OwnerCity of Hangzhou
LocaleHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines13
Number of stations270
Daily ridership2,461,300 (2021 avg.)
3,539,000 (4 March 2022, Peak)
Operation
Began operationNovember 24, 2012 (2012-11-24)
Operator(s)Hangzhou Metro Corporation (Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 6, Line 7, Line 8, Line 9, Line 10, Line 16, Line 19)
MTR Corporation (Hangzhou) (Line 1, Line 5)
Technical
System length516 km (321 mi)[1] (metro lines only, excluding Hanghai line)
562 km (349 mi) (metro + commuter rail, including Hanghai line)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
System map

Hangzhou Metro
Simplified Chinese杭州地铁
Traditional Chinese杭州地鐵

Network

There are currently 12 lines in operation. The adjacent Shaoxing Metro connects the system at Guniangqiao station on Line 5, and the Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Rail connects to the system at Linpingnan Railway Station on Line 9.

The Hangzhou Metro has the only metro system map in China whose first seven lines follow the hue order of the rainbow colors.[4]

To scale map of Hangzhou Metro lines in operation.

Metro
Line Terminals
(District)		 Commencement Newest
Extension		 Length
km		 Stations Operator
 1  Xianghu
(Xiaoshan)		 Xiaoshan International Airport (Xiaoshan) 2012 2020 53.1 33
 2  Chaoyang
(Xiaoshan)		 Liangzhu
(Yuhang)		 2014 2017 43.3[5] 33
 3  Xingqiao
(Linping)		 Wushanqiancun
(Yuhang)

Shima (Xihu)

 2022 2022 57.5[6] 37
 4  Chihua Street
(Xihu)		 Puyan
(Binjiang)		 2015 2022 46.8 32
 5  Jinxing
(Yuhang)		 Guniangqiao
(Xiaoshan)		 2019 2020 53.9 38
 6  Goujulong
(Shangcheng)		 West Guihua Road
(Fuyang)
Shuangpu
(Xihu)		 2020 2021 58.5 34
 7  Jiangdong'er Road
(Qiantang)		 Wushan Square
(Shangcheng)		 2020 2022 47.5 24
 8  South Wenhai Road
(Qiantang)		 Xinwan Road
(Qiantang)		 2021 – 17.2 9
 9  Guanyintang
(Shangcheng)		 Long'an
(Linping)		 2021 2022 29.5 19
 10  Yisheng Road
(Yuhang)		 Huanglong Sports Center
(Xihu)		 2022 2022 14.7 10
 16  Lvting Road
(Yuhang)		 Jiuzhou Street
(Lin'an)		 2020 – 35.1[7] 12
 19  West Railway Station
(Yuhang)		 Yongsheng Road
(Xiaoshan)		 2022 – 59.14 17[lower-alpha 1]
Total 516[1] 258

History

Initial plans

The planning for a metro system in the city started in the 1990s and was about to start construction works in September 2003, but the State Council suspended construction works due to increasing costs. The state council approved the construction and operation of a rapid transit system by the Hangzhou Subway Group Co. Ltd in Hangzhou on June 5, 2005.[8] The preliminary design for the first line, Line 1, was approved on January 11, 2007, by the Development and Reform Commission after four days of study. It would be 47.97 km (29.81 mi) long, of which 41.36 km (25.70 mi) is underground, 6.14 km (3.82 mi) elevated, and 0.47 km (0.29 mi) at grade.[9]

Construction
Wulin Square station
Evolution of the network

Construction of the first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 began on March 28, 2007, with subsequent phases beginning later in that year. The first phase included three underground stations in Qianjiang New City. Jiubao East Station is the biggest station along Line 1 and will be a hub for the future metro system and other forms of public transport.[3] The funding of Line 1 came from both the city government and the banks, with 10.2 billion yuan and 5 billion yuan respectively. The first phase construction was estimated to be 45 billion yuan.[8]

In January 2009, it was announced that MTR Corporation would invest in a 22 billion-yuan ($3.2 billion) / 25-year / 49% share joint venture with the Hangzhou government to operate Line 1 of the metro.[10]

The first section of Line 4 opened for trial operation on February 2, 2015.[11]

In December 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission approved the planning for 10 lines, including extensions to the three existing lines, scheduled to open in time for the 2022 Asian Games.[12] By then the Hangzhou Metro network is projected to be 446 km (277 mi) long.[13] As of 2018 there are over 300 km (186 mi) of subway lines under construction in Hangzhou.[14]

Accident

On November 15, 2008, a 75-metre (250 ft) section of the tunnel near Fengqing Avenue in Xiaoshan District collapsed while under construction,[15] killing 17 people.[16]

Future expansions

Under Construction
YearsLinesSectionTerminalsLength

(km)

 StationsNotes & References
2023  5  Phase 2 Adjustment Section Jinxing East Nanhu[17] 2.03 1
2026  Hangde  Phase I Renhe North Deqing High-speed Railway Station 25.9 9 [18][19]

Phase IV Expansion

On November 14, 2022 the NDRC approved the 4th Phase Expansion plan consisting of 152.9km of new lines.[20]

Years Line Length
km		 Stations Notes & References
Before 2027  3  Phase II 7.5 5 [20]
 4  Phase III West 5 4
 4  Phase III South 5 5
 9  Phase II 10.1 7
 10  Phase II 5.8 3
 10  Phase III 5 2
 12  Phase I North 24.3 14
 12  Phase I South 1.7 1
 15  Phase I 40.5 30
 18  Phase I 48 19
Total 152.9 90

Notes
  1. Includes unopened stations Jingchang Road, Wulian & Yicheng Road stations. Excludes unopened Tiaoxi to the west

References
  1. "运营总里程达516公里 9月22日杭州地铁三期线网将全部贯通". September 21, 2022. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022.
  2. "本网快讯：杭州地铁时代即将来临 1号线24日开通". Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
  3. Kat Jiang, "Hangzhou to build metro system Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Shanghai Daily, 2007-03-01
  4. "七色彩虹！ 杭州地铁每条线颜色是怎么出炉的？看揭秘". Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  5. "今天17时，地铁2号线全程开通 从头坐到尾只需77分钟". December 27, 2017. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  6. "三线齐发！今天11时，杭州地铁3号线首通段、4号线二期、10号线首通段开通". February 21, 2022. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  7. "杭州地铁16号线开通在即 余杭到临安不到38分钟". April 9, 2020. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  8. Tang Fuchun, Hangzhou Subway Planning Approved Archived February 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, china.org.cn, 2005-06-16
  9. "Design of Hangzhou Metro Line No.1 Brings Convenience to Passengers". January 11, 2007. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011.
  10. "MTR to Operate, Invest in $3.2 Billion Subway in Eastern China". bloomberg.com. January 16, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  11. "experimental operation on Metro Line 4 first section, February 2". hangzhou.gov.cn (in Chinese). February 2, 2015. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  12. "杭州地铁三期10条线路获批 计划亚运会前建成". December 21, 2016. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  13. "[浙江]杭州地铁2号线西北段开通 22分钟城西飞驰到城东(图)". news.sina.com.cn. July 5, 2017. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
  14. "穩增長 內地掀新一波城市軌道建設熱 - 香港經濟日報 - 中國頻道 - 經濟". china.hket.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  15. http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/?id=380858&type=National
  16. "Deaths from PRC's worst subway accident hit 17". Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
  17. "杭州市人民政府关于杭州机场轨道快线工程、地铁3号线一期工程及5号线二期工程车站站名的批复". June 16, 2022. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022.
  18. "杭州至德清市域铁路工程环境影响评价第一次公示". huzdq.zjzwfw.gov.cn. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  19. "杭州至湖州德清市域鐵路工程開工". zj.people.com.cn. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  20. "官宣：杭州地铁四期规划（2022-2027年）获批！线路走向图公布-杭州新闻中心-杭州网". hznews.hangzhou.com.cn. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
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