Hanun-Dagan

Hanun-Dagan (meaning "Dagan is merciful"),[1] was the Shakkanakku and king (Lugal) of Mari reigning c. 2016-2008 BC.[2] He was the brother of his predecessor Hitlal-Erra,[3] and is recorded as the son of Shakkanakku Puzur-Ishtar on a seal discovered in the city.[4] Although the title of Shakkanakku designated a military governor,[5] the title holders in Mari were independent monarchs,[6] and nominally under the vassalage of the Ur III dynasty.[7] Some Shakkanakkus used the royal title Lugal in their votive inscriptions, while using the title of Shakkanakku in their correspondence with the Ur's court,[8] and it is certain that Hanun-Dagan used the royal title.[9]

Hanun-Dagan
Shakkanakku and king of Mari
Reignc. 2016 – 2008 BC Middle Chronology
PredecessorHitlal-Erra
Shakkanakku and king of Mari

Hanun-Dagan was a contemporary of Ibbi-Sin of Ur,[10] and is credited with renovating the Royal Palace of Mari.[11] Unlike most of their predecessors who bore Akkadian names, both Hanun-Dagan and his brother Hitlal-Erra bore Amorite names,[12] and seals in Mari records Hitlal-Erra as a military official under Puzur-Ishtar, leading Piotr Michalowski to suspect a coup that deposed the family of Puzur-Ishtar and replaced it with Hanun-Dagan's family.[13] The succession of Shakkanakkus following Hanun-Dagan's reign is difficult to determine as the lists are full of gaps.[10]

Citations
  1. Lluís Feliu (2003). The God Dagan in Bronze Age Syria. p. 60. ISBN 9004131582.
  2. Georges Roux (1992). Ancient Iraq. p. 690. ISBN 9780141938257.
  3. Gwendolyn Leick (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. p. 86. ISBN 9781134787968.
  4. Gwendolyn Leick (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. p. 67. ISBN 9781134787968.
  5. Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 64. ISBN 9781575060606.
  6. Trevor Bryce (2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. p. 451. ISBN 9781134159086.
  7. Trevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 18. ISBN 9780191002922.
  8. Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 132. ISBN 9781575060606.
  9. Juan Oliva (2008). Textos para un historia política de Siria-Palestina I (in Spanish). p. 91. ISBN 9788446019497.
  10. Douglas Frayne (1990). Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC). p. 593. ISBN 9780802058737.
  11. Harriet Crawford (2013). The Sumerian World. p. 987. ISBN 9781136219115.
  12. Wolfgang Heimpel (2003). Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary. p. 22. ISBN 9781575060804.
  13. Piotr Michalowski (2004). 2000 v. Chr. Politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung im Zeichen einer Jahrtausendwende: 3. Internationales Colloquium der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 4.-7. April 2004 in Frankfurt/Main und Marburg/Lahn - The Ideological Foundations of the Ur III State. p. 233. ISBN 9783930843855.
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