Kileskus

Kileskus (meaning lizard in the Khakas language) is a genus of tyrannosauroid dinosaur known from partial remains found in Middle Jurassic (Bathonian stage) Itat Formation of Sharypovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia). Fossils recovered include the holotype maxilla, a premaxilla, a surangular, and a few bones from the hand and foot.[1] Additional remains referred to the species include cervical and caudal vertebrae, as well as a fibula.[2] The skull bones are similar to those of Proceratosaurus. The type species is K. aristotocus. Kileskus was named in 2010 by Averianov and colleagues. Its size has been estimated at 5.2 meters (17 ft) in length and 700 kg (1,540 lbs) in weight.[3]

Kileskus
Temporal range: Bathonian,
Diagram showing fossil remains described in initial description
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Family: Proceratosauridae
Genus: Kileskus
Averianov et al., 2010
Species:
K. aristotocus
Binomial name
Kileskus aristotocus
Averianov et al., 2010
Estimated size, compared to a human

Classification

Kileskus has been included in two phylogenetic analyses and found to be a basal proceratosaurid both times.[1][4]

Although it is unknown whether Kileskus sported a nasal crest, it can be assigned to Proceratosauridae due to a number of other features. These include elongated external nares, a short ventral margin of the premaxilla, and the area of the antorbital fossa directly below the antorbital fenestra being deeper than the maxilla directly below it. Kileskus also shares with Proceratosaurus nares inclined posterodorsally at a 40 degree angle to the skull. Kileskus is distinguished from other proceratosaurids by the anterior rim of its maxilla being confluent with the ascending process of the maxilla and gently sloping posterodorsally.[1]

Below is a cladogram published in 2013 by Loewen et al..[4]

Tyrannosauroidea
Proceratosauridae

Proceratosaurus bradleyi

Kileskus aristotocus

Guanlong wucaii

Sinotyrannus kazuoensis

Juratyrant langhami

Stokesosaurus clevelandi

Dilong paradoxus

Eotyrannus lengi

Bagaraatan ostromi

Raptorex kriegsteini

Dryptosaurus aquilunguis

Alectrosaurus olseni

Xiongguanlong baimoensis

Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis

Alioramus altai

Alioramus remotus

Tyrannosauridae

Cladogram published in 2018.[5]

Tyrannosauroidea
Proceratosauridae

Guanlong wucaii

Proceratosaurus bradleyi

Kileskus aristotocus

Sinotyrannus kazuoensis

Yutyrannus huali

Pantyrannosauria

Aviatyrannis jurassica

Dilong paradoxus

Santanaraptor placidus

Timimus hermani

Stokesosaurus clevelandi

Juratyrant langhami

Eotyrannus lengi

Xiongguanlong baimoensis

NMV P186046 ("Australian tyrannosaur")

Alectrosaurus olseni

Timurlengia euotica

Eutyrannosauria

Dryptosaurus aquilunguis

Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis

Bistahieversor sealeyi

Tyrannosauridae
Albertosaurinae

Gorgosaurus libratus

Albertosaurus sarcophagus

Tyrannosaurinae
Alioramini

Qianzhousaurus sinensis

Alioramus remotus

Alioramus altai

Nanuqsaurus hoglundi

Teratophoneus curriei

Lythronax argestes

Daspletosaurus torosus

Daspletosaurus horneri

Zhuchengtyrannus magnus

Tarbosaurus bataar

Tyrannosaurus rex

See also

References

  1. Averianov, A. O.; Krasnolutskii, S. A.; Ivantsov, S. V. (2010). "A new basal coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute. 314 (1): 42–57.
  2. O. Averianov, Alexander; Osochnikova, Anastasia; Skutschas, Pavel; Krasnolutskii, Sergei; Schellhorn, Rico; A. Schultz, Julia; Martin, Thomas (2019-09-16). "New data on the tyrannosauroid dinosaur Kileskus from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia, Russia". Historical Biology. 33 (7): 897–903. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1666839. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 203890300.
  3. Molina-Pérez & Larramendi (2016). Récords y curiosidades de los dinosaurios Terópodos y otros dinosauromorfos. Spain: Larousse. p. 264.
  4. Loewen, M.A.; Irmis, R.B.; Sertich, J.J.W.; Currie, P. J.; Sampson, S. D. (2013). Evans, David C (ed.). "Tyrant Dinosaur Evolution Tracks the Rise and Fall of Late Cretaceous Oceans". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e79420. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...879420L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079420. PMC 3819173. PMID 24223179.
  5. Delcourt, R.; Grillo, O. N. (2018). "Tyrannosauroids from the Southern Hemisphere: Implications for biogeography, evolution, and taxonomy". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 511: 379–387


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