Wuhan Metro

Wuhan Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China. Owned and operated by Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., the network now includes 11 lines, 291 stations, and 460 km (290 mi) of route length. With 1.22 billion annual passengers in 2019, Wuhan Metro is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in mainland China.[2] There are a number of lines or sections under construction. The government of Wuhan City promised the citizens that at least two lines or sections open every year.[4]

Wuhan Metro
Overview
OwnerWuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd.
LocaleWuhan, Hubei, China
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines11
Number of stations291[Nb 1][1]
Daily ridership
  • 3.642 million (April 2019)[2]
  • 5.2145 million (Highest record on 28 September 2023)[3]
Annual ridership1.22 billion (2019)[2]
Websitewww.wuhanrt.com
Operation
Began operation28 July 2004 (2004-07-28)
Operator(s)Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd.
CharacterElevated and underground
Train length4, 6 or 8 cars
Headway2+12–9 min
Technical
System length460 km (285.8 mi)[1]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
Electrification1,500 V DC third rail or overhead catenary (Line 6)
750 V DC third rail (Lines 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Top speed80 km/h (50 mph)
100 km/h (62 mph) (Lines 7, 11 and Yangluo Line)
120 km/h (75 mph) (Line 16)
System map

Wuhan Metro
Simplified Chinese武汉地铁
Traditional Chinese武漢地鐵
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese武汉轨道交通
Traditional Chinese武漢軌道交通

Line 1, the first line in the system, opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the seventh city in mainland China with a rapid transit system, after the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changchun, and Dalian.[5] Line 2 opened on 28 December 2012 and is the first underground rail line crossing the Yangtze River. The system has since undergone rapid expansion.

History

Evolution of the Wuhan Metro

Preliminary studies of urban rail transit systems were prompted by the city shortly after a Belgian Railways delegation visit in 1984. Following the demolition of the old Beijing-Hankou Railway, the city of Wuhan planned to utilize the corridor to construct the city's first rapid transit rail line. In September 1992, the Wuhan Metro Construction Group was established by Wuhan Municipal Construction Commission and a supervision group, led by the mayor Qian Yunlu, was subsequently formed in 1993 to facilitate the project's funding, planning, logistics, and organization. It took seven years before the city was able to fund construction.

In October 1999, the National Planning Commission (predecessor of the National Development and Reform Commission) approved the Wuhan "Light Rail" project (Line 1, phase 1), signalling the start of serious work on the rail transit project. On October 2, 2000, the Wuhan Municipal Government ratified the establishment of Wuhan Rail Transit Co., Ltd., and contracted construction, operation, administration and related real estate development to the corporation.

In December 2000, the National Planning Commission accepted a feasibility report on the project and approved construction on phase 1 of Line 1. On December 23, 2000, the project broke ground and comprehensive construction began.

In 2002, with the anticipation of an economic boom and increasing demand for urban rail transit, Wuhan Municipal Government approved the city's first long-term rail transit master plan. On July 28, 2004, the ten-station long "light rail" line was opened to the public and entered revenue service in August. However, low ridership discouraged the city from funding the extension project, for which ground had been broken on December 15, 2005, and a 4-year delay in construction ensued. In April 2006, the NDRC ratified a six-year construction/operation plan, but it was not until a year later on April 9, 2007, that NDRC accepted the feasibility report for line 1, phase 2 (the extension project) and approved construction on the project.

In the interim, construction began on Fanhu station of the fully underground Line 2 on November 16, 2006, as a response to the six-year plan adopted by NDRC earlier. Construction also began on the underground line 4 stations of Wuchang railway station in June, and Wuhan railway station in September, as parts of the integral capital project to revamp and construct the Wuhan Railway Hub.

In May 2007, the Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission (HDRC) approved preliminary designs on Line 1, phase 2, and comprehensive construction subsequently commenced in June. On May 15, the city government approved the establishment of Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., which would replace the Wuhan Rail Transit Co., Ltd and assume its responsibilities and benefits.

On September 12, 2007, the NDRC accepted the feasibility report to Line 2, phase 1, and preliminary designs were approved by the HDRC in December 2007. However, it was not until September 2008 that land purchases and funding were facilitated and comprehensive construction began to take place. In October 2009, drilling of the Yangtze River tunnel started.

On March 13, 2009, the NDRC accepted a feasibility report to Line 4, phase 1. On May 13, 2009, the HDRC ratified preliminary designs on Line 4, phase 1. Comprehensive construction ensued on the Wuchang segment of Line 4. A more ambitious urban rapid transit plan was submitted for NDRC review in October 2009, and in late November, on-site panel investigations were conducted by China International Engineering Consulting Corporation.

In February 2010, Wuhan Metro's first commercial property was topped out in Hanxi 1st Road station. On July 29, Line 1 phase 2 entered revenue service from Dijiao to Dongwu Boulevard. Despite plans to extend the westernmost terminus to Jinshan Avenue in Dongxihu District, the station was never built. A short stub with crossover tracks was constructed behind Dongwu Boulevard. Zhuyehai, a station in Qiaokou District, remained non-operational in spite of the existence of complete platforms. Neither exits nor staircases had been built yet. It was due to open when the Wuhan IKEA store was completed in late 2014.[6]

A revised and more detailed construction plan was accepted by the NDRC on January 31, 2011. The plan specified the city's plan to complete construction on Line 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 before 2017. Beginning on March 1, Line 1 subdivided its fare zones from 3 to 5 and lowered maximum fare per ride from 5 CNY to 4 CNY. Wuhan Tong cardholders will receive a 20 percent discount on single ride fares.[7] On April 9, Line 1 welcomed its 100,000,000th customer, who was awarded a one-year pass to the Metro.[8] On September 9, preliminary designs on Line 4, phase 2 (Hanyang segment) was approved by HDRC.

On February 17, 2012, the NDRC accepted a feasibility report on Line 3, phase 1, the fourth line in Wuhan Metro's grid and the first to cross the Han River, connecting the boroughs of Hankou and Hanyang. A feasibility report to Line 6—the second Hankou-Hanyang connection—was also approved by the NDRC on December 21, 2012. Seven days later, Line 2 entered revenue service, connecting some of the most populated areas of Hankou, Wuchang, and the Optics Valley.

On April 12, 2013, the NDRC granted acceptance to a feasibility report of Line 8, phase 1, which connects Hankou and Wuchang via the Second Yangtze River Bridge corridor. Construction began in June 2013 and was completed in December 2017.

Wuhan Metro requests passengers to wear masks throughout their journeys during the COVID-19 pandemic.

On 23 January 2020, the entire metro network was shut down, along with all other public transport in the city, including national railway and air travel, in an effort to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei.[9][10]

On 28 March 2020, six lines (Line 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7) resumed operations, after a two-month lockdown.[11] On 8 April 2020, Line 8 Phase 1 resumed operations.[12] On 22 April 2020, Line 8 Phase 3, Line 11, Yangluo line resumed operations.[13]

Timeline of network expansion

Segment description Date opened Station(s) No. of new stations Length (km)
Phase I of Line 1 28 July 2004 Zongguan — Huangpu Road 10[note 1] 9.769
Phase II of Line 1 29 July 2010 Dongwu Boulevard — Zongguan;
Huangpu Road — Dijiao
16[note 2] 18.494
Phase I of Line 2 28 December 2012 Jinyintan — Optics Valley Square 21 27.152
Phase I of Line 4 28 December 2013[15] Wuchang Railway Station — Wuhan Railway Station 15 15.429
Hankou North extension of Line 1 28 May 2014 Dijiao — Hankou North 3 5.555
Phase II of Line 4 28 December 2014 Huangjinkou — Wuchang Railway Station 13 17.974
Phase I of Line 3 28 December 2015[16] Zhuanyang Boulevard — Hongtu Boulevard 24 29.660
Phase I of Line 6 28 December 2016[17] Jinyinhu Park — Dongfeng Motor Corporation 27 35.512
North extension of Line 2[note 3] Tianhe International Airport — Jinyintan 7 19.957
Phase I of Line 8 26 December 2017 Jintan Road — Liyuan 12 16.204
Yangluo Line Houhu Boulevard — Jintai 16 34.575
Jinghe extension of Line 1 Dongwu Boulevard — Jinghe 3 4.118
Phase I of Line 7 1 October 2018[18] Garden Expo North — Yezhihu 19 30.413
Phase I of Line 11 Optics Valley Railway Station — Zuoling 13 18.744
South extension of Line 7 28 December 2018 Yezhihu — Qinglongshan Ditiexiaozhen 7 16.550
South extension of Line 2 19 February 2019 Optics Valley Square — Fozuling 10 13.195
West extension of Line 4 25 September 2019[19] Bailin — Huangjinkou 9 16.288
Phase III of Line 8 6 November 2019[20] Yezhihu — Military Athletes' Village 3 4.832
Phase II of Line 8 2 January 2021[21] Liyuan — Yezhihu 11 17.161
Gedian section of Line 11 Phase III Zuoling — Gediannan Railway Station 1 3.786
Phase I of Line 5 26 December 2021[22] Hubei University of Chinese Medicine — East Square of Wuhan Railway Station 25 34.561
Phase II of Line 6 Xincheng 11th Road — Jinyinhu Park 5 7.025
Phase I of Line 16 South International Expo Center — Zhoujiahe 12 31.692
Phase I of north extension of Line 7 30 December 2022 Hengdian — Garden Expo North 7 20.890
Phase II of Line 16 Zhoujiahe — Hannan General Airport 2 4.766
  1. in which Taipingyang Station's opening was postponed until 8 April 2006.
  2. in which Zhuyehai Station's opening was postponed until 17 September 2014.[14]
  3. also known as Airport Line

Lines

Wuhan Metro Map
Line Termini
(District)
Opened Last extension Length[23] Stations Layout
 1  Jinghe
(Dongxihu)
Hankou North
(Huangpi)
2004 2017 37.936 km (23.572 mi) 32 Elevated
 2  Tianhe International Airport
(Huangpi)
Fozuling
(Jiangxia)
2012 2019 60.304 km (37.471 mi) 38 Elevated & underground
 3  Zhuanyang Boulevard
(Hannan)
Hongtu Boulevard
(Jiang'an)
2015 29.660 km (18.430 mi) 24 Underground
 4  Bailin
(Caidian)
Wuhan Railway Station
(Hongshan)
2013 2019 49.693 km (30.878 mi) 37 Elevated & underground
 5  Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
(Hongshan)
East Square of Wuhan Railway Station
(Hongshan)
2021 34.561 km (21.475 mi) 25 Elevated & underground
 6  Xincheng 11th Road
(Dongxihu)
Dongfeng Motor Corporation
(Caidian)
2016 2021 42.537 km (26.431 mi) 32 Underground
 7  Hengdian
(Huangpi)
Qinglongshan Ditiexiaozhen
(Jiangxia)
2018 2022 67.853 km (42.162 mi) 33 Elevated & underground
 8  Jintan Road
(Dongxihu)
Military Athletes' Village
(Jiangxia)
2017 2021 38.197 km (23.735 mi) 26 Underground
 11  Wuhandong Railway Station
(Jiangxia)
Gediannan Railway Station
(Huarong)
2018 2021 22.530 km (13.999 mi) 14 Underground
 16  South International Expo Center
(Hanyang)
Hannan General Airport
(Hannan)
2021 2022 36.458 km (22.654 mi) 14 Elevated & underground
 Yangluo  Houhu Boulevard
(Jiang'an)
Jintai
(Xinzhou)
2017 34.575 km (21.484 mi) 16 Elevated & underground
Total 460 km (290 mi) 291[note 1]
  1. Transfer stations are counted repeatedly.

Line 1

Line 1 is a 37.788 km (23.480 mi) elevated urban rail line entirely located in the borough of Hankou. It runs a northwest–southeast route that approximately parallels with Jiefang Avenue for its entire length. There are 27 planned stations, among which 25 are operational. Line 1 operates 33 four-car train sets, 12 of which are manufactured by Changchun Railway Vehicles, and 21 by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd.

On July 28, 2004, the first phase of Line 1 began service from Huangpu Road to Zongguan. On July 28, 2010, Line 1 extended from both ends after the completion of phase 2.[24] The phase 3 expansion, which extends the northeast terminus to Hankou North Station, entered revenue service on May 28, 2014.[25] The phase 4 expansion, which extends to Jinghe Station from Dongwu Boulevard. The phase 4 opened on Dec 26th, 2017. Line 1's color is blue.

Line 2

Line 2 is a 27.895 km (17.333 mi) underground subway connecting the boroughs of Hankou and Wuchang. Upon completion, Line 2 was the first subway in China to cross the mighty Yangtze River.[26] It runs in a northwest–southeast route and crosses the Yangtze River near Jianghan Road, and Jiyuqiao in Wuchang. Tunnel drilling concluded on February 26, 2012.[26] Revenue service of Line 2 began on December 28, 2012.[27][28] Line 2 operates 41 six-car train sets, all of which were manufactured by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd.

Line 2 was extended towards both directions. The southern extension brought the southeast terminus from Optics Valley Square to Fozuling, and the northwest extension plan brought the northwest terminus from Jinyintan to Tianhe International Airport, providing convenient access for airport and residential areas en route. Early on, construction work on both extensions was expected to commence in 2013, and the tentative completion dates was set at 2015. In May 2014, it was reported that the construction work on the southern extension would start within 2014, with construction completed by February 19, 2019.[29]

Nowadays, Line 2 only have 6 cars, but in the future, it is possible to add 2 more cars to carry more people during rush hours when 6 cars are not enough. Line 2's color is pink.

Line 3

Overall construction of Line 3 was approved by National Development and Reform Commission on Feb 23, 2012,[30] and officially started on Mar 31, 2012.[31] Line 3 went into operation on December 28, 2015. Line 3 cars are Type B and manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. Line 3's color is dark yellow.

Line 4

Line 4 is mostly underground. It will run in an east–west route serving the Hanyang and Wuchang distincts. The first phase linking Wuchang and Wuhan railway stations opened on December 28, 2013; since that day, all three main railway stations of Wuhan are connected by the Metro. The second phase of Line 4 will crossing the Yangtze River to Hanyang opened in 2014.[32] Line 4 cars are Type B and manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive. Line 4's color is light green.

Line 5

Sanjiao Street station of Line 5

Line 5 started operation on 26 December 2021. Line 5's color is coral.

Line 6

Line 6 opened in 2016.[17]

And it is the first line of Wuhan Metro to use high capacity A size trains with overhead lines.. Line 6 uses Type A cars manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive. Line 6's color is green.

Line 7

Line 7 is a rapid transit line in Wuhan. The line runs from Garden Expo North in Dongxihu District to Qinglongshan Ditiexiaozhen in Jiangxia District. It serves residential & business areas such as Nanhu, Wuhan CBD and Wuhan Financial street. Line 7 reserves Wuhan Metro's highest capacity rolling stock to date featuring 8 Type-A car train sets accommodating 2480 people, compared to the standard 6 cars found on other lines. It is also the fastest urban line in the system, with trains capable of reaching the speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) compared to 80 km/h (50 mph) on other lines. Line 7's color is orange. [33]

Line 8

Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences station of Line 8

Line 8 currently consists of two separate parts. Line 8 Phase 1 was opened in 2017, and Line 8 Phase 3 was opened in 2019. Presently there are 12 stations on the Phase 1 section and 3 on the Phase 3 section. The Phase 2 that is connecting the two parts in 2021. Line 8's color is grey.

Line 11

Line 11 was opened on 1 October 2018 on National Day. Line 11 uses Type A cars manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. Line 11's color is yellow.

Line 16

Zhoujiahe station of Line 16

Line 16 has a maximum speed of 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph) and has seven underground stations and five elevated stations. The line started operation on 26 December 2021. Line 16's color is fuchsia.

Yangluo Line (Line 21)

Wuhu station of Yangluo Line

The Yangluo Line is a rapid transit line that forms part of the Wuhan Metro system. The line in its current form runs from Houhu Boulevard to Jintai, a total distance of 34.575 km (21.484 mi). The line connects the urban area of Hankou and Yangluo, Xinzhou District. Yangluo Line's color is magenta.

Services

Service routes

Short turns are used on Line 2, Line 4, and Line 7, while the other lines only operate the full length of the route. As far as Line 2, Line 4, and Line 7 are concerned, the short turns alternate with the full routes.

  • Line 2
    • Short turn: Jinyintan — Wuhandong Railway Station
    • Full route: Tianhe International Airport — Fozuling
  • Line 4
    • Short turn: Yulong Road — Wuhan Railway Station
    • Full route: Bailin — Wuhan Railway Station
  • Line 7
    • Short turn: Julong Blvd — Banqiao
    • Full route: Hengdian — Qinglongshan Ditiexiaozhen

Opening hours

The operating hours start at 6:00 on weekdays and 6:30 on weekends & holidays. The last trains of Yangluo Line and Line 16 depart from the termini at 22:00 or 22:30, while other lines at 23:00. See the table below for more details. [34]

Line Weekdays Weekends and holidays
Line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 6:00 - 23:00 6:30 - 23:00
Line 16 To Hannan General Airport 6:00 - 22:30 6:30 - 22:30
To South International Expo Center 6:00 - 22:00 6:30 - 22:00
Yangluo Line To Jintai 6:00 - 22:30 6:30 - 22:30
To Houhu Boulevard 6:00 - 22:00 6:30 - 22:00

Ticketing

Fares vary based on the distance travelled.[23]

¥2
0 ~ 4 km
¥3
4 ~ 8 km
¥4
8 ~ 12 km
¥5
12 ~ 18 km
¥6
18 ~ 24 km
¥7
24 ~ 32 km
¥8
32 ~ 40 km
¥9
40 ~ 50 km
+ ¥1
~ +20 km



Discount

Most passagers enter and exit the system using a proximity card called Wuhan Tong, which is available at all metro stations. Passagers who pay metro fare with a Wuhan Tong Card can receive a 10% discount.[35] Besides the metro, Passengers can also pay tram, bus, and ferry fees by Wuhan Tong within Wuhan.

Multi-day pass

There are three kinds of multi-day pass cards valid for one, three, and seven days respectively.

  • One-day pass: ¥18 each and valid for 1 day;
  • Three-day pass: ¥45 each and valid for 3 days;
  • Seven-day pass: ¥90 each and valid for 7 days.

Cardholders may enjoy one, three, or seven days of unlimited rides in the metro system. The multi-day pass cards are available at the Customer Service Centres in the metro stations. In addition, a RMB 20 deposit is charged for each multi-day pass card.

Amenities

Lift on the platform

4G LTE services are provided in all stations and trains. As Line 1 was put into operation earlier, it lacks in some facilities. For more amenity information, please see the table below. It is worth mentioning that most of the restrooms are set outside the paid area.

Station Restroom Lift
Stations on Line 1 Youyi Road, Liji North Road,
Chongren Road, Qiaokou Road, Taipingyang Station
unavailable unequipped
Huangpu Road, Sanyang Road, Dazhi Road,
Xunlimen, Zongguan Station[36]
available unequipped
The rest available equipped
Stations on other lines available equipped

Food ban

Wuhan was the first city on the Chinese mainland to ban food and drinks on the subway on December 28, 2013, dishing out fines of up to RMB200. On 1 April 2020, a nationwide food ban was enacted, which also includes conduct rules cracking down on bad subway etiquette, such as stepping on seats, lying down on a bench or floor and playing music or videos out loud.

Rolling stock

Signalling

Wuhan Metro Line 1 is the first one equipped with moving block system in China.[37] All the lines are equipped with CBTC. A fully automated, driverless train system (GoA4), provided by Traffic Control Technology Corporation Limited, has been applied to Line 5 since 26 December 2021.[38][39]

Ridership

Since 2012, the ridership of the entire network has grown as the new lines or sections come into operation every year. The following data were released by the Wuhan Statistics Bureau, however, the data before 2007 are unavailable. The sudden drop in ridership in 2020 was due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in China, with Hubei, and Wuhan specifically being the worst affected area in China.

Annual ridership
Year Ridership (in million)
2007[40]
9.26
2008[40]
11.06(+19.44%)
2009[41]
13.17(+19.08%)
2010[42]
33.00(+150.57%)
2011[43]
77.37(+134.45%)
2012[44]
82.88(+7.12%)
2013[45]
273.43(+229.91%)
2014[46]
356.24(+30.29%)
2015[47]
565.10(+58.63%)
2016[48]
716.59(+26.81%)
2017[49]
926.83(+29.34%)
2018[50]
1,040.54(+12.27%)
2019[51]
1,229.03(+18.11%)
2020[52]
621.60(-49.42%)
2021[53]
1,012.70(+62.92%)
2022[54]
894.24(-11.70%)

Future expansion

Wuhan Metro future expansion diagram

A number of lines are under construction. Line 12 will be a loop line.[55] Line 9, 10, as well as Line 13, are being planned by the municipal authority.[56]

Planned Opening Line Section Termini Length
km
Stations Status
2023[57]  5  Phase 2 Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Hongxiacun 2.61 2 Under construction
 7  North ext. Hengdian Huangpi Square 15 4 Under construction
 19  West Square of Wuhan Railway Station[58] Xinyuexi Park[58] 23.3 7 Under Construction
2024  11  Phase 2 East Square of Wuchang Railway Station Wuhandong Railway Station 12.41 7 Under Construction
 11  Phase 3 Initial section Jiang'an Road East Square of Wuchang Railway Station 4 2 Under construction
 12  Wuchang section Science Park Qingling 22.0 14 Under construction
2025  Xingang  Phase 1 Beiyangqiao Baiyushan 10.9 5 Under construction
 12  Jiangbei section Completes Loop Line 37.9 23 Under Construction
 Yangluo  West ext. Zhongyi Road Houhu Boulevard 3.2 2 Under Construction
2026  3  Phase 2 Zhuanyang Boulevard Wenling 11.8 5 Under Construction
 6  Phase 3 Boyi Road Dongfeng Motor Corporation 2.2 2 Under construction
TBD

 Xingang 

West ext. Huaihai Road Beiyangqiao 20.3 9 Under construction
 11  Phase 3 Remaining section Huangjinkou Wuhan West Railway Station 2.2 2 Under Construction
 11  Phase 4 Wuhan West Railway Station Jiang'an Road 16.6 6 Approved
 20  Tianhe International Airport Wuhan Railway Station 30.0 6 Proposed
 9  China University of Geosciences Wulijie 13 Proposed
 11  Sino-French Ecological City Huangjinkou 1 Proposed
 15  Qingling North Jinkou Proposed
 17  Jinghe Baoxie Proposed
 18  Jinghe Wuhu Proposed

Stations

Almost all stations, except the stations on Line 1, are equipped with platform screen doors. There is a plan that stations on Line 1 will be equipped with platform screen doors in the future.[59][60] The metro stations are equipped to be disabled and elderly friendly, with automatic fare collection system, announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts. The stations are equipped with non-slippery flooring with grip-rails, audio announcements and Braille facilities to help visually challenged passengers.

Network Map

See also

Notes

  1. Transfer stations are counted more than once. There are 31 two-line transfer stations and 3 three-line transfer stations. If transfer stations are counted only once, the result will be 254 stations.

References

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