Wilmington, North Carolina

Wilmington is a port city in and the county seat of New Hanover County in coastal southeastern North Carolina, United States. With a population of 115,451 in the 2020 census,[6] it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. Wilmington is the principal city of the Wilmington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes New Hanover, Pender, and Brunswick counties in southeastern North Carolina,[7] which had a population of 285,905 in 2020.[8][lower-alpha 1]

Wilmington
Flag of Wilmington
Official seal of Wilmington
Official logo of Wilmington
Nickname(s): 
The Port City, ILM, Hollywood of the East, Wilmywood[1]
Motto: 
"Persevere"
Location within New Hanover County
Location within New Hanover County
Wilmington is located in North Carolina
Wilmington
Wilmington
Location within North Carolina
Wilmington is located in the United States
Wilmington
Wilmington
Location within the United States
Coordinates: 34°12′36″N 77°53′12″W
CountryUnited States
StateNorth Carolina
CountyNew Hanover
IncorporatedFebruary 20, 1739
Named forSpencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington
Government
  TypeCouncil-manager
  MayorBill Saffo[2] (D)
Area
  City52.97 sq mi (137.19 km2)
  Land51.41 sq mi (133.14 km2)
  Water1.56 sq mi (4.05 km2)
Elevation43 ft (13 m)
Population
 (2020)
  City115,451
  Estimate 
(2022)
120,324
  Rank241st in the United States
8th in North Carolina
  Density2,245.91/sq mi (867.15/km2)
  Urban
255,329 (US: 159th)[5]
  Urban density1,795.0/sq mi (693.1/km2)
  Metro
282,573 (US: 167th)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
  Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
28401-28412
Area codes910, 472
FIPS code37-74440
GNIS feature ID2405754[4]
Primary AirportWilmington International Airport
Websitewww.wilmingtonnc.gov

Wilmington's historic downtown has a 1.75-mile (2.82 km) riverwalk,[9] developed as a tourist attraction in the late 20th century. In 2014, Wilmington's riverfront was ranked as the "Best American Riverfront" by readers of USA Today.[10] The National Trust for Historic Preservation selected Wilmington as one of its 2008 Dozen Distinctive Destinations.[11]

City residents live between the Cape Fear River and the Atlantic Ocean, with four nearby beach communities just outside Wilmington: Fort Fisher, Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach, and Kure Beach, all within half-hour drives from downtown Wilmington. The city is home to University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), which provides a wide variety of programs for undergraduates, graduate students, and adult learners, in addition to cultural and sports events open to the community.[12]

Toward the end of the 19th century, Wilmington was a majority-black, racially integrated, prosperous city, and the largest city in North Carolina. In the Wilmington massacre of 1898, white supremacists launched a coup that overthrew the legitimately elected local Fusionist government.[13] They expelled opposition black and white leaders from the city,[13] destroyed the property and businesses of black citizens built up since the Civil War, including the only black newspaper in the city, and killed an estimated 60 to more than 300 people.[14] This coincided with broader efforts of disenfranchisement at the state level. Whereas North Carolina had 125,000 registered black voters in 1896, it had 6,000 black voters by 1902.[15] By 1910, Charlotte overtook Wilmington as North Carolina's largest city.

In 2003, the city was designated by the U.S. Congress as a "Coast Guard City", one of 29 cities that currently bear that designation,[16] and was the home port for the USCGC Diligence, a United States Coast Guard medium-endurance cutter until 2020.[17][18] On September 2, 2020, former President Donald Trump officially declared Wilmington as the first World War II Heritage City in the country. The World War II battleship USS North Carolina, now a war memorial, is moored across from the downtown port area, and is open to the public for tours.[19] Other attractions include the Cape Fear Museum of History and Science and the Children's Museum of Wilmington[20]

Wilmington is also the home of Cinespace Studios (the studio complex was originally owned by De Laurentiis Entertainment Group until 1989,[21] and EUE/Screen Gems Studios until 2023[22]), the largest domestic television and movie production facility outside California.[23] Dream Stage 10, the facility's newest sound stage, is the third-largest in the United States. It houses the largest special-effects water tank in North America.[24] After the studio's opening in 1984, Wilmington became a major center of American film and television production. Numerous movies and television shows, in a range of genres, have been produced here, including Iron Man 3, Super Mario Bros., The Conjuring, A Walk to Remember, The Crow, Sleepy Hollow, Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, and The Summer I Turned Pretty.[25][26]

History

Colonial beginnings

Mitchell-Anderson House (built 1738)

The city was founded in the 1730s, and after going through a series of different names (New Carthage, New London, Newton), its name became Wilmington in 1740,[27] named after Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington.[27]

The area along the river had been inhabited by various successive cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years. At the time of European encounter, historic Native Americans were members of tribes belonging to the Eastern Siouan family.[28]

In the early 16th century, Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, commissioned by the king of France with a French crew, was reportedly the first European to see this area, including the city's present site. The first permanent colonial settlement in the area was established in the 1720s by European settlers.[28] In September 1732, a community was founded on land owned by John Watson on the Cape Fear River, at the confluence of its northwest and northeast branches.[29] The settlement, founded by the first royal governor, George Burrington, was called New Carthage, and then New Liverpool; it gradually took on the name New Town or Newton.[30] Governor Gabriel Johnston soon after established his government there for the North Carolina colony. In 1739 or 1740, the town was incorporated with a new name, Wilmington, in honor of Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington.[31]

Some early settlers of Wilmington came from the Albemarle and Pamlico regions, as well as from the colonies of Virginia and South Carolina, but most new settlers migrated from the northern colonies, the West Indies, and Northern Europe.[32] Many of the early settlers were indentured servants from Northern Europe. As the indentured servants gained their freedom and fewer could be persuaded to travel to North America because of improving conditions back home, the settlers imported an increasing number of slaves to satisfy the labor demand.[30] By 1767, African slaves accounted for more than 62% of the population of the Lower Cape Fear region.[33] Many worked in the port as laborers, and some in ship-related trades.

Naval stores and lumber fueled the region's economy, both before and after the American Revolution. During the Revolutionary War, the British maintained a garrison at Fort Johnston near Wilmington.[34]

Revolutionary era

The Bellamy Mansion draws many tourists annually to downtown

Due to Wilmington's commercial importance as a major port, it had a critical role in opposition to the British in the years leading up to the revolution. The city had outspoken political leaders who influenced and led the resistance movement in North Carolina. The foremost of these was Wilmington resident Cornelius Harnett, who was serving in the General Assembly at the time, and where he rallied opposition to the Sugar Act in 1764. When the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act the following year, designed to raise revenue for the Crown with a kind of tax on shipping, Wilmington was the site of an elaborate demonstration against it.[35]

On October 19, 1765, several hundred townspeople gathered in protest of the new law, burned an effigy of one town resident who favored the act, and toasted to "Liberty, Property, and No Stamp Duty." On October 31, another crowd gathered in a symbolic funeral of "Liberty". Before the effigy was buried, though, Liberty was found to have a pulse, and celebration ensued.[36][37]

William Houston of Duplin County was appointed stamp receiver for Cape Fear. When Houston visited Wilmington on business, still unaware of his appointment, he recounted,

"The Inhabitants immediately assembled about me & demanded a Categorical Answer whether I intended to put the Act relating [to] the Stamps in force. The Town Bell was rung[,] Drums [were] beating, Colours [were] flying and [a] great concourse of People [were] gathered together." For the sake of his own life, and "to quiet the Minds of the inraged [sic] and furious Mobb...," Houston resigned his position at the courthouse.[36][38]

Governor William Tryon made attempts to mitigate the opposition, to no avail. On November 18, 1765, he pleaded his case directly to prominent residents of the area. They said the law restricted their rights. When the stamps arrived on November 28 on HMS Diligence, Tryon ordered them to be kept on board. Shipping on the Cape Fear River was stopped, as were the functions of the courts.[36]

Tryon, after having received his official commission as governor (a position he had assumed only after the death of Arthur Dobbs), was brought to Wilmington by Captain Constantine Phipps on a barge from the Diligence, and "was received cordially by the gentlemen of the borough." He was greeted with the firing of seventeen pieces of artillery, and the New Hanover County Regiment of the North Carolina militia, who had lined the streets. This "warm welcome" was spoiled, however, after a dispute arose between Captain Phipps and captains of ships in the harbor regarding the display of their colors. The townspeople became infuriated with Phipps and threats were made against both sides. After Tryon harangued them for their actions, the townspeople gathered around the barrels of punch and ox he had brought as refreshments. The barrels were broken open, letting the punch spill into the streets; they threw the head of the ox into the pillory, and gave its body to the enslaved population. Because of the unrest, Tryon moved his seat of government to New Bern instead of Wilmington.[30][39]

On February 18, 1766, two merchant ships arrived without stamped papers at Brunswick Town. Each ship provided signed statements from the collectors at their respective ports of origin that no were stamps available, but Captain Jacob Lobb of the British cruiser Viper seized the vessels. In response, numerous residents from southern counties met in Wilmington. The group organized as the Sons of Liberty and pledged to block implementation of the Stamp Act. The following day, as many as a thousand men, including the mayor and aldermen of Wilmington, were led by Cornelius Harnett to Brunswick to confront Tryon. The governor was unyielding, but a mob retrieved the seized ships. They forced royal customs officers and public officials in the region to swear never to issue stamped paper.[40] The Westminster Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766

Antebellum period

U. S. Post Office in downtown Wilmington

In the 1830s, citizens of Wilmington became eager to take advantage of railroad transportation. At this time, the shipping tonnage registered at Wilmington was 9,035.[41] Plans were developed to build a railroad line from the capital, Raleigh, to Wilmington. When Raleigh citizens declined to subscribe in sufficient number to stock to raise money for the project, organizers changed the terminus to Weldon. When the railroad line was completed in 1840, it was the longest single line of railroad track in the world. The railroad also controlled a fleet of steamboats that ran between Wilmington and Charleston; these were used both for passenger travel and freight. Regular boat lines served Fayetteville, and packet lines traveled to northern ports. The city was a main stopover point, contributing greatly to its commerce.[30]

By mid-century, the churchyard of St. James Episcopal Church and other town cemeteries had become filled with graves. On November 16, 1853, a group of citizens, organized as "the Proprietors of the Wilmington Cemetery", was formed to develop a new cemetery. Sixty-five acres of land around Burnt Mill Creek were chosen as the site for what would be called Oakdale Cemetery. It was the first rural cemetery in North Carolina. The cemetery's first interment, on February 6, 1855, was six-year-old Annie deRosset.[42] Many remains from St. James churchyard were relocated to the new cemetery.

The Wilmington Gas Light Company was established in 1854. Soon after, streetlights were powered by gas made from lightwood and rosin, replacing the old street oil lamps. On December 27, 1855, the first cornerstone was laid, and construction began on a new city hall. A grant from the Thalian Association funded the attached opera house, named Thalian Hall. In 1857, the city opened its first public school, named the Union Free School, on 6th Street between Nun and Church Streets, serving White students.[43]

Wilmington had a Black majority population before the Civil War.[44] While most were slaves, the city had a significant community of free people of color, who developed businesses and trades. For a period up to Nat Turner's rebellion, they had been allowed to vote, carry arms, and serve in the militia. Fears after the rebellion resulted in the state legislature passing laws to restrict the rights of free Blacks.

Civil War

Cannon firing at a re-enactment of the Battle of Forks Road near the Cameron Art Museum

During the Civil War, the port was the major base for Confederate and privately owned blockade runners, which delivered badly needed supplies from England. The Union mounted a blockade to reduce the goods received by the South. The city was captured by Union forces in the Battle of Wilmington in February 1865, about one month after the fall of Fort Fisher had closed the port. Wilmington was the last Confederate port to be captured.[45] As nearly all the military action took place some distance from the city, numerous antebellum houses and other buildings survived the war years.[46]

Reconstruction era and 1898 insurrection

Wilmington c.1898

During the Reconstruction era, former free Blacks and newly emancipated freedmen built a community in the city. About 55% of its residents were Black people.[47][48] At the time, Wilmington was the largest city and the economic capital of the state.

Three of the city's aldermen were Black. Black people were also in positions of justice of the peace, deputy clerk of court, street superintendent, coroners, policemen, mail clerks, and mail carriers.[49]

At the time, Black people accounted for over 30% of Wilmington's skilled craftsmen, such as mechanics, carpenters, jewelers, watchmakers, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stevedores, blacksmiths, masons, and wheelwrights. In addition, they owned 10 of the city's 11 restaurants and were 90% of the city's 22 barbers. The city had more Black bootmakers/shoemakers than White ones, and half of the city's tailors were Black. Lastly, two brothers, Alexander and Frank Manly, owned the Wilmington Daily Record, one of the few Black-owned newspapers in the state, which was reported to be the only one in the country.[50]

In the 1890s, a coalition of Republicans and Populists had gained state and federal offices. The Democrats were determined to reassert their control. Violence increased around elections in this period, as armed White paramilitary insurgents, known as Red Shirts, worked to suppress Black and Republican voting. White Democrats regained control of the state legislature and sought to impose white supremacy, but some Blacks continued to be elected to local offices.[51]

The Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 (also known as the Wilmington Race Riot) occurred as a result of the racially charged political conflict that had occurred in the decades after the Civil War and efforts by White Democrats to re-establish white supremacy and overturn Black voting. In 1898, a cadre of White Democrats, professionals, and businessmen planned to overthrow the city government if their candidates were not elected. Two days after the election, in which a White Republican was elected mayor and both White and Black aldermen were elected, more than 1500 White men (led by Democrat Alfred M. Waddell, an unsuccessful gubernatorial candidate in 1896) attacked and burned the only Black-owned daily newspaper in the state and ran off the new officers. They overthrew the legitimately elected municipal government. Waddell and his men forced the elected Republican city officials to resign at gunpoint and replaced them with men selected by leading White Democrats. Waddell was elected mayor by the newly seated board of aldermen that day. Prominent Black Americans and White Republicans were banished from the city in the following days.[44] This is the only such coup d'état in United States history.[44][52]

Whites attacked and killed an estimated 10–100 Blacks; no Whites died in the violence. As a result of the attacks, more than 2100 Blacks permanently left the city, leaving a hole among its professional and middle classes. The demographic change was so large that the city became majority White, rather than the majority Black it was before the coup.[44]

Following these events, the North Carolina legislature passed a new constitution that raised barriers to voter registration, imposing requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests that effectively disfranchised most Black voters, following the example of Mississippi. Blacks were essentially excluded from the political system until after the enactment of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965.[44]

20th century

Wilmington is home to the Bijou Theater, which began as a tent in 1904 and progressed to a permanent structure in 1906. It operated until 1956, making it the oldest movie theater in the state and one of the oldest, continuously running theaters in the country.[53] In 1910, Charlotte passed Wilmington to become North Carolina's largest city.[54] In the mid-20th century, efforts to preserve many historic building began. Due to this, many historic buildings were listed as National Register of Historic Places.[55] Around the '80s, the city was used for filming of many horror films, such as Blue Velvet in 1985 and I Know What You Did Last Summer in 1997.[25] In 1990, the final extension of Interstate 40 in North Carolina was opened and officially connected Wilmington to the Interstate Highway System.

A 1918 panorama of downtown Wilmington
A 1918 panorama of Wilmington's waterfront

World War II

During World War II, Wilmington was the home of the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company. The shipyard was created as part of the U.S. government's Emergency Shipbuilding Program. Workers built 243 ships in Wilmington during the five years the company operated.[56]

Three prisoner-of-war (POW) camps operated in the city from February 1944 through April 1946. At their peak, the camps held 550 German prisoners. The first camp was located on the corner of Shipyard Boulevard and Carolina Beach Road; it was moved downtown to Ann Street, between 8th and 10th Avenues, when it outgrew the original location. A smaller contingent of prisoners was assigned to a third site, working in the officers' mess and doing groundskeeping at Bluethenthal Army Air Base, which is now Wilmington International Airport.[57]

21st century

During the '90s, Wilmington began to grow rapidly, partially due to the film industry and the completion of I-40.[58] The city successfully annexed the areas of Seagate in 1998 and Masonboro in 2000. The annexation of Monkey Junction was stopped in 2012 by the North Carolina House of Representatives after local backlash.[59][60][61] In 2017, the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality found that the Cape Fear River had been polluted by a chemical called GenX, discharged by a Chemours plant near Fayetteville, North Carolina. In 2020, former President Donald Trump designated Wilmington to be the first WWII Heritage city in the country due to the city's contribution during the war.[62]

National Register of Historic Places

The Audubon Trolley Station, Brookwood Historic District, Carolina Heights Historic District, Carolina Place Historic District, City Hall/Thalian Hall, Delgrado School, Federal Building and Courthouse, Fort Fisher, Gabriel's Landing, William Hooper School (Former), Market Street Mansion District, Masonboro Sound Historic District, Moores Creek National Battlefield, Sunset Park Historic District, USS North Carolina (BB-55) National Historic Landmark, James Walker Nursing School Quarters, Westbrook-Ardmore Historic District, Wilmington Historic District, and Wilmington National Cemetery are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[63]

Geography

"Welcome to Wilmington" sign

Wilmington is the eastern terminus of Interstate 40, an east-west freeway that ends 2,554 miles away at Barstow, California, where it joins I-15, the gateway to Southern California. This road passes through many major cities and state capitals along the way.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.5 square miles (107 km2), of which 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) (1.16%) is covered by water. Wrightsville Beach is a common destination in the Wilmington area. Carolina Beach and Kure Beach also add to the city's attractions.[64]

Climate

Wilmington has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with these characteristics:

Cypress trees in Greenfield Lake
  • Winters are generally mild with January highs in the mid-50s °F (~12 °C) and lows in the mid-30s °F (~1 °C). Snowfall does not occur in most years, and when it does, is generally light.
  • Spring is reasonably lengthy, beginning in late February and lasting to early May. The presence of abundant dense vegetation in the area causes significant pollen dusting in the springtime that tends to turn rooftops and cars yellow.
  • Summer brings high humidity, with daily high temperatures usually ranging from the upper 80s to lower 90s °F (31–34 °C), and daily low temperatures usually from 70 to 75 °F (~22 °C). Heat indices can easily break the 100 °F (38 °C) mark, though the actual temperature does not in most years. Due to the proximity of warm Atlantic Ocean waters and prevailing tropical-system tracks, the Wilmington area is subject to hurricane or tropical storm activity, mostly from August to early October, with an average frequency of once every seven years. Such tropical systems can bring high winds and very heavy rains, sometimes 4 inches (100 mm) or more in a single tropical system. Precipitation in Wilmington occurs year-round. April is the driest month, with just over 3 inches (76 mm) of rain on average, and August and September are the wettest months, with over 8 inches (200 mm) of rain each, on average. In an average year, the July to September period delivers nearly 40% of annual rainfall.
  • Autumn is also generally humid at the beginning, with the threat from tropical weather systems (hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions) peaking in September.
  • Normal January mean temperature: 46.0 °F (7.8 °C). The coldest month in recorded history was January 1977, averaging 35.7 °F (2.1 °C). January 1981 had a colder average minimum of 25.8 °F (−3.4 °C).
  • Normal July mean temperature: 81.1 °F (27.3 °C). The hottest month in recorded history was July 2012, averaging 84.7 °F (29.3 °C). July 1993 had a hotter average maximum of 94.0 °F (34.4 °C).
  • Average nights ≤ 32 °F (0 °C): 39
  • First and last freezes of the season: November 18 and March 20, allowing a growing season of 244 days
  • Average days ≥ 90 °F (32 °C): 43, but historically as low as 9 in 1909 and as high as 71 in 1980.
  • First and last 90 °F highs: May 15, September 15
  • Highest recorded temperature: 104 °F (40 °C) on June 27, 1952[65]
  • Lowest daily maximum temperature: 16 °F (−9 °C) on February 13, 1899 and December 30, 1917[65]
  • Highest daily minimum temperature: 83 °F (28 °C) on August 1, 1999 and August 9, 2007[65]
  • Lowest recorded temperature: 0 °F (−18 °C) on December 25, 1989[65]
  • Average annual precipitation: 60.15 inches (1,530 mm), but historically ranging from 27.68 in (703 mm) in 1909 to 102.40 in (2,601 mm) in 2018,[66] aided by 23.02 inches of rain, September 13–16, from Hurricane Florence's slow movement across the Carolinas.[66][67] The 2018 annual precipitation of 102.40 inches exceeded the previous record wettest year (1877, with 83.65 inches of precipitation).[66]
  • Wettest day: 13.38 in (339.9 mm) on September 15, 1999[65]
  • Driest month: 0.16 in (4.1 mm) in April 1995[68]
  • Wettest month: 24.13 in (612.9 mm) in September 2018,[69] followed closely by 23.41 in (594.6 mm) in September 1999[68]
  • Winter average snowfall: 1.6 inches (4.1 cm) (the median amount is 0)[70]
  • Snowiest 24-hour period: 12.1 in (30.7 cm) on February 17–18, 1896[71]
  • Snowiest month: 15.3 in (38.9 cm) in December 1989, making the winter of 1989–90 the snowiest[68]
Climate data for Wilmington Int'l, North Carolina (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1870–present)[lower-alpha 2]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 82
(28)
86
(30)
94
(34)
95
(35)
101
(38)
104
(40)
103
(39)
103
(39)
100
(38)
98
(37)
87
(31)
82
(28)
104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 74.7
(23.7)
76.6
(24.8)
82.4
(28.0)
86.9
(30.5)
92.0
(33.3)
96.3
(35.7)
97.0
(36.1)
96.0
(35.6)
92.1
(33.4)
87.0
(30.6)
81.2
(27.3)
75.4
(24.1)
98.3
(36.8)
Average high °F (°C) 57.2
(14.0)
60.3
(15.7)
66.5
(19.2)
74.6
(23.7)
81.1
(27.3)
87.0
(30.6)
90.0
(32.2)
88.3
(31.3)
83.9
(28.8)
76.1
(24.5)
67.4
(19.7)
60.3
(15.7)
74.4
(23.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 46.8
(8.2)
49.3
(9.6)
55.3
(12.9)
63.6
(17.6)
71.1
(21.7)
78.2
(25.7)
81.5
(27.5)
80.0
(26.7)
75.3
(24.1)
65.9
(18.8)
56.1
(13.4)
49.7
(9.8)
64.4
(18.0)
Average low °F (°C) 36.3
(2.4)
38.4
(3.6)
44.1
(6.7)
52.6
(11.4)
61.1
(16.2)
69.3
(20.7)
73.0
(22.8)
71.7
(22.1)
66.7
(19.3)
55.6
(13.1)
44.8
(7.1)
39.1
(3.9)
54.4
(12.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 19.3
(−7.1)
23.1
(−4.9)
27.9
(−2.3)
36.4
(2.4)
47.2
(8.4)
57.6
(14.2)
65.2
(18.4)
63.5
(17.5)
54.9
(12.7)
39.6
(4.2)
29.2
(−1.6)
23.6
(−4.7)
17.5
(−8.1)
Record low °F (°C) 5
(−15)
5
(−15)
9
(−13)
28
(−2)
35
(2)
48
(9)
54
(12)
55
(13)
42
(6)
27
(−3)
16
(−9)
0
(−18)
0
(−18)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.81
(97)
3.47
(88)
3.97
(101)
3.07
(78)
4.54
(115)
5.67
(144)
6.86
(174)
8.16
(207)
8.69
(221)
4.66
(118)
3.56
(90)
3.69
(94)
60.15
(1,528)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.7
(1.8)
0.2
(0.51)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.9
(2.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9.9 9.5 9.6 7.7 9.6 11.2 13.2 13.9 10.7 8.0 8.5 9.9 121.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7
Average relative humidity (%) 70.7 68.4 69.1 66.8 73.7 76.3 78.3 80.7 79.9 75.9 73.2 71.5 73.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 181.5 182.1 238.0 276.3 285.3 280.1 280.7 254.3 230.0 229.3 197.4 181.1 2,816.1
Percent possible sunshine 58 59 64 71 66 65 64 61 62 65 63 59 63
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[68][72][73]

Cityscape

Wilmington theater and banking area
Downtown north
Thermo-Fisher building in Northern downtown Wilmington

Wilmington boasts a large historic district encompassing nearly 300 blocks. Abandoned warehouses on downtown's northern end have been recently demolished making room for multimillion dollar projects, such as what was the World Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Product Development (now Thermo Fisher Scientific) and tallest building in Wilmington at 228 feet, a state-of-the-art convention center, Live Oak Bank Pavilion, Pier 33 Apartments, and The Cove houseboat community in Port City Marina.

Downtown/Old Wilmington

Downtown Monuments and Historic Buildings
The George Davis Monument (Removed)
The Confederate Memorial (Removed)
The Bellamy Mansion
Cotton Exchange of Wilmington
The Temple of Israel
The Murchison Building

Crime

Wilmington
Crime rates* (2017)
Violent crimes
Homicide20
Rape23
Robbery261
Aggravated assault326
Total violent crime618
Property crimes
Burglary1,694
Larceny-theft3,843
Motor vehicle theft373
Arson9
Total property crime5,910
Notes

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.

2012 population: 109,370

Source: 2012 FBI UCR Data

Between 2006 and 2008, crime rates, as reported through the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports, decreased in 6 of the 8 reported categories.

Year Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny MVT Arson
2006 7.4 65.4 431.5 398.8 1,787.0 4,078.2 682.5 23.2
2007 10.4 60.3 358.9 424.4 1,703.8 3,761.2 667.8 16.6
2008 12.2 49.8 324.2 404.5 1,489.0 3,511.5 535.6 15.2

Wilmington has an increasing problem with gang violence[74] and on October 15, 2013, the WPD and NHC sheriff's department created a joint task force to combat gang violence.[75] Just a day later the city council approved $142,000 in funding for a gang investigative unit.[76]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18001,689
18202,633
18303,79144.0%
18405,33540.7%
18507,26436.2%
18609,55231.5%
187013,44640.8%
188017,35029.0%
189020,05615.6%
190020,9764.6%
191025,74822.7%
192033,37229.6%
193032,270−3.3%
194033,4073.5%
195045,04334.8%
196044,013−2.3%
197046,1694.9%
198044,000−4.7%
199055,53026.2%
200075,83836.6%
2010106,47640.4%
2020115,4518.4%
2022 (est.)120,324[6]4.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[77]
2020[6]

2020 census

Wilmington racial composition[78]
Race Number Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 79,791 71.7%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 18,828 18.4%
Native American 317 0.27%
Asian 1,826 1.58%
Pacific Islander 98 0.08%
Other/Mixed 5,047 4.37%
Hispanic or Latino 9,544 8.27%

As of the 2020 census, there were 115,451 people, 54,673 households, and 27,131 families residing in the city.

2013 census estimate

At the 2013 census estimate,[79] there were 112,067 people and 47,003 households in the city. The population density was 2,067.8 inhabitants per square mile (798.4/km2) and there were 53,400 housing units. The racial composition of the city was: 73.5% White, 19.9% Black or African American, 6.1% Hispanic or Latino American, 1.2% Asian American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.

There were 34,359 households, out of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.5% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.5% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 17.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,099, and the median income for a family was $41,891. Males had a median income of $30,803 versus $23,423 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,503. About 13.3% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

Across from the Bellamy Mansion is the First Baptist Church, established in 1808.
Grace United Methodist Church, established in 1797

Less than half of Wilmington's population is religiously affiliated (47.30%), with the majority of practitioners being Christian. The two largest Christian denominations in Wilmington are Protestant: Baptists (14.66%) and Methodists (8.29%), followed by Roman Catholics (7.42%). There are also a significant number of Presbyterians (3.19%), Episcopalians (2.30%), Pentecostals (1.45%), and Lutherans (1.32%). Other Christian denominations make up 7.02%, and the Latter-Day Saints have 0.90%. Much smaller is the proportion of residents who follow Islam (0.46%), and Judaism (0.25%). A small percentage of people practice Eastern religions (0.04%).[80]

Wilmington has significant historical religious buildings, such as the Basilica Shrine of St. Mary and the Temple of Israel.

Transportation

Intersection with South College Road and South 17th Street from the air

Airport

The Wilmington International Airport (ILM) serves the area with commercial air service provided by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and Avelo Airlines. American Airlines carries a large share of the airport's traffic, and therefore flies the largest of the aircraft in and out of the airport. The airport serves over 930,000 travelers per year.[81][82][83] The airport is also home to two fixed-base operations (FBOs) that currently house over 100 private aircraft. The airport maintains a separate International Terminal providing a full service Federal Inspection Station to clear international flights. This includes U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Immigration. The airport is 4 miles from downtown and is served by Wave Transit buses.

Interstate Highways

Barstow, California, distance sign, originally seen from I-40 in Wilmington. The sign has now been removed as being repeatedly stolen.[84]

U.S. Routes

The Cape Fear Memorial Bridge (foreground) carries US 17 Business, US 76 and US 421 across the Cape Fear River

North Carolina State Highways

Alternative transportation options

Public transit in the area is provided by the Cape Fear Public Transportation Authority,[85] which operates fixed bus routes, shuttles, and a free downtown trolley under the brand name Wave Transit. A daily intercity bus service to Raleigh is provided by Greyhound Lines. Wilmington is also served by Amtrak Thruway bus connections to Wilson, North Carolina where connections can be made with Amtrak's Carolinian and Palmetto. The city's Union Station last had passenger train service in 1968 with the Seaboard Coast Line's predecessor version of the Palmetto. The Seaboard Air Line's station last had service in 1958, with a daily train to Charlotte via Hamlet.[86][87]

The NCDOT Cape Fear Run bicycle route connects Apex to Wilmington and closely parallels the RUSA 600 km brevet route.[88]

The city of Wilmington offers transient docking facilities[89] in the center of downtown Wilmington along the Cape Fear River approximately 12.5 miles (20 km) from the Intracoastal Waterway. The river depth in the run up from the ICW is in excess of 40 feet (12 m). Taxicab services are available from several vendors, however, the City's Taxi Commission keeps meter rates artificially low. In 2021, regulations were eased to help the taxi industry compete with other companies like Uber and Lyft.[90]

The Gary Shell Cross-City Trail is primarily a multi-use trail that provides bicycle and pedestrian access to numerous recreational, cultural and educational destinations in Wilmington. The Gary Shell Cross-City Trail provides bicycle and pedestrian connection from Wade Park, Halyburton Park and Empie Park to the Heide-Trask Drawbridge at the Intracoastal Waterway.[91] It also connects to the River to Sea Bikeway and the under-construction Central College Trail and Greenville Loop Trail.

Economy

The State Port of Wilmington
The Graystone Inn, a bed and breakfast with colonial architecture, is located in downtown Wilmington

Wilmington's industrial base includes electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; nuclear fuel; and pharmaceuticals. Wilmington is part of North Carolina's Research coast, adjacent to the Research Triangle Park in Durham.[92]

Also important to Wilmington's economy is tourism due to its close proximity to the ocean and vibrant nightlife.

Located on the Cape Fear River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean, Wilmington is a sizable seaport, including private marine terminals and the North Carolina State Ports Authority's Port of Wilmington.[93]

Wilmington is home to the Greater Wilmington Chamber of Commerce, the oldest Chamber in North Carolina, organized in 1853.[94] Companies with their headquarters in Wilmington include Live Oak Bank and HomeInsurance.com.

Top employers

According to the City's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:[95]

# Employer Employees
1 New Hanover Health Network 5,991
2 New Hanover County Schools 3,645
3 General Electric 2,195
4 University of North Carolina Wilmington 1,844
5 New Hanover County 1,563
6 Pharmaceutical Product Development 1,464
7 Verizon Wireless 1,216
8 Cape Fear Community College 1,176
9 Corning 1,000
10 City of Wilmington 995

Government

Wilmington adopted a council–manager form of government in 1941.[96]

Mayor

List of mayors of Wilmington, North Carolina:

Education

Universities and colleges

Iconic arches on the campus of the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW)

Schools

Public schools in Wilmington are operated by the New Hanover County School System.

High schools

Middle schools

  • Holly Shelter Middle School
  • Lake Forest Academy
  • MCS Noble Middle School
  • Murray Middle School
  • Myrtle Grove Middle School
  • Roland-Grise Middle School
  • Trask Middle School
  • Williston Middle School

Elementary schools

  • Alderman
  • Anderson
  • Bellamy
  • Blair
  • Bradley Creek
  • Castle Hayne
  • Codington
  • College Park
  • Eaton
  • Forest Hills
  • Freeman School of Engineering
  • Gregory School of Science, Mathematics and Technology
  • Holly Tree
  • Lake Forest Academy
  • Mary C. Williams
  • Masonboro
  • Murrayville
  • Ogden
  • Pine Valley
  • Snipes Academy of Arts and Design
  • Sunset Park
  • Winter Park
  • Wrightsboro
  • Wrightsville Beach

Private schools

Healthcare

New Hanover Regional Medical Center is a hospital in Wilmington. It was established in 1967 as a public hospital, and it was the first hospital in the city to admit patients of all races.[150] It was operated by New Hanover County.[151] In February 2021 Novant Health, a nonprofit private organization, acquired the hospital.[152]

Culture

Performing arts

The city supports a very active calendar with its showcase theater, Thalian Hall, hosting about 250 events annually. The complex has been in continuous operation since it opened in 1858 and houses three performance venues, the Main Stage, the Grand Ballroom, and the Studio Theater.[153]

The Hannah Block Historic USO/Community Arts Center,[154] 120 South Second Street in the Wilmington Historic District, is a multiuse facility owned by the city of Wilmington and managed by the Thalian Association,[155] the Official Community Theater of North Carolina.[156] Here, five studios are available to nonprofit organizations for theatrical performances, rehearsals, musicals, recitals and art classes. For more than half a century, the Hannah Block Historic USO Building has facilitated the coming together of generations, providing children with programs that challenge them creatively, and enhance the quality of life for residents throughout the region.

The Hannah Block Second Street Stage is home to the Thalian Association Children's Theater.[157] It is one of the main attractions at the Hannah Block Community Arts Center. The theater seats 200 and is used as a performance venue by community theater groups and other entertainment productions.

The University of North Carolina at Wilmington College of Arts and Science departments of Theatre, Music and Art share a state-of-the-art, $34 million Cultural Arts Building, which opened in December 2006. The production area consists of a music recital hall, art gallery, and two theaters. Sponsored events include 4 theater productions a year.[158]

The Brooklyn Arts Center at St. Andrews is a 125-year-old building on the corner of North 4th and Campbell St in downtown Wilmington. The Brooklyn Arts Center at Saint Andrews (BAC) is on the National Register of Historic Places. The BAC is used for weddings, concerts, fundraisers, art shows, vintage flea markets, and other community-driven events.[159]

Wilmington is home to the Wilmington Conservatory of Fine Arts, a studio for foundlings. The Wilmington Conservatory of Fine Arts is the only studio in the region to offer Progressing Ballet Technique[160] instruction from two certified instructors. The Conservatory is also host to Turning Pointe Dance Company, a faith-based dance company, which performs artistic pieces such as "Pinocchio" for the Wilmington Community.[161]

Film

EUE/Screen Gems Studios (now Cinespace Studios)
Wilmington City Hall, with movie crews filming in July 2012

Wilmington is home to Cinespace Studios. Its prominent place in cinema throughout the '80s and the '90s earned the city the moniker "Hollywood East". Popular television series like Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, Sleepy Hollow, SIX,[162] Good Behavior, Eastbound and Down and Under The Dome[163] were filmed at the studio and on location throughout the city. Movies shot in Wilmington include Maximum Overdrive (1986), Crimes of the Heart (1986), Year of the Dragon (1985), Blue Velvet (1986), King Kong Lives (1986), Hiding Out (1987), Raw Deal (1986), Track 29 (1988), Weeds (1987), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990), The Crow (1994), Silver Bullet (1985), Firestarter (1984),[164] Iron Man 3,[165] A Walk to Remember, We're the Millers, The Longest Ride and The Choice.[166] Actor Brandon Lee was killed in an accidental shooting during the filming of The Crow.[167]

Since 1995, Wilmington hosts an annual, nationally recognized, independent film festival called "Cucalorus."[168] It is the keystone event of The Cucalorus Film Foundation, a non-profit organization. The Foundation also sponsors weekly screenings, several short documentary projects, and the annual Kids Festival, with hands on film-making workshops.

The Cape Fear Independent Film Network also hosts a film festival annually, and the Wilmington Jewish Film Festival also takes place yearly.[169] For several years Wilmington was also the location of fan conventions for One Tree Hill, reuniting the cast and drawing tourists to the city.[170]

In 2014, Governor Pat McCrory decided not to renew the film incentives, which ended up taking a massive toll on not just Wilmington's but North Carolina's entire film industry.[171] As a result, most productions and film businesses moved to Atlanta, Georgia. As of 2017, there have been attempts to bring the industry back to North Carolina via the North Carolina Film and Entertainment Grant. This grant designates $31 million per fiscal year (Jul 1–Jun 30) in film incentives.[172]

On September 27, 2023, it was announced that Cinespace Studios had purchased the EUE/Screen Gems Studios in Wilmington.[22]

Literature

Birthplace of Johnson Jones Hooper (1815–1862), Author of the Simon Suggs Series.

Birthplace of Robert Ruark (1915–1965)

Now rare, an early edition of the Scottish poet Robert Burns's "Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect" was printed by Bonsal and Niles of Market Street, Baltimore in 1804.

Music

Chamber Music Wilmington was founded in 1995 and presents its four-concert "Simply Classical" series every season. The concerts are performed by world-class chamber musicians and are held at UNCW's Beckwith Recital Hall.

The Wilmington Symphony Orchestra was established in 1971 and offers throughout the year a series of five classical performances, and a Free Family Concert.[173] Wilmington is also home to numerous music festivals.

One of the largest DIY festivals, the Wilmington Exchange Festival, occurs over a period of 5 days around Memorial Day each year. It is currently in its 13th year.[174]

Celebrating its 37th year, February 2 thru 4, 2017, the North Carolina Jazz Festival is a three-day traditional jazz festival that features world-renowned jazz musicians.[175]

The Cape Fear Blues Society is a driving force behind blues music in Wilmington. The organization manages, staffs and sponsors weekly Cape Fear Blues Jams and the annual Cape Fear Blues Challenge talent competition (winners travel to Memphis TN for the International Blues Challenge). Its largest endeavor is the Cape Fear Blues Festival, an annual celebration that showcases local, regional and national touring blues artists performing at a variety of events and venues, including the Cape Fear Blues Cruise, Blues Workshops, an All-Day Blues Jam, and numerous live club shows. Membership in the CFBS is open to listeners and musicians alike.[176]

Museums and historic areas

The USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial, seen from downtown Wilmington across the Cape Fear River
The Railroad Museum is located behind the Hilton Hotel.
The battleship USS North Carolina from the Wilmington Riverwalk

The Second and Orange Street USO Club was erected by the Army Corps of Engineers at a cost of $80,000. Along with an identical structure on Nixon Street for African-American servicemen, it opened in December 1941, the same month that the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. From 1941 to 1945, the USO hosted 35,000 uniformed visitors a week. Recently renovated with sensitivity to its historic character, the Hannah Block Historic USO (HBHUSO) lobby serves as a museum where World War II memorabilia and other artifacts are displayed. The building itself was rededicated in Ms. Block's name in 2006 and restored to its 1943 wartime character in 2008. The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The World War II Wilmington Home Front Heritage Coalition,[182] an all volunteer 501(c)(3) preservation organization, is the de facto preservationist of the building's history and maintains the home front museum.

Festivals

Wilmington is host to many annual festivals, including, most notably, the Azalea Festival. The Azalea Festival, sponsored by the Cape Fear Garden Club, features a garden tour, historic home tour, garden party, musical performances, a parade, and a fireworks show. It takes places every year in April.[183]

Media

Newspapers

The Star-News is Wilmington's daily newspaper; read widely throughout the Lower Cape Fear region and now owned by Gannett, following its merger with the Star's previous owner, GateHouse Media.[184] A daily online newspaper, Port City Daily, is owned by Local Daily Media.[185][186] Two historically black newspapers are distributed and published weekly: The Wilmington Journal and The Challenger Newspapers. Encore Magazine is a weekly arts and entertainment publication.

AM

  • 630 AM WMFD – Sports ("ESPN Radio, AM 630")
  • 1340 AM WLSG – Regional Mexican ("La Raza 94.1")

FM

  • 89.7 FM WDVV – Worship & Praise Music ("The Dove, 89.7")
  • 90.5 FM WWIL-FM – Christian Music ("Life 90.5")
  • 91.3 FM WHQR – Public Radio
  • 93.1 FM WBPL-LP – Wilmington Catholic Radio
  • 94.1 FM W231CL Regional Mexican ("La Raza 94.1") (WLSG translator)
  • 95.5 FM W238AV – Contemporary Christian ("K-LOVE")
  • 95.9 FM W240AS – Soft AC ("95.9 The Breeze") (WKXB translator)
  • 97.3 FM WMNX – Hip Hop/R & B ("Coast 97.3")
  • 100.5 FM W263BA – Contemporary Christian ("K-LOVE")
  • 101.3 FM WWQQ-FM- Country ("Double Q, 101")
  • 102.7 FM WGNI – Hot AC ("102.7 GNI")
  • 104.5 FM WYHW – Christian Talk ("104.5")

Television

The Wilmington television market is ranked 130 in the United States, and is the smallest DMA in North Carolina. The broadcast stations are as follows:

Cable news station News 14 Carolina also maintains its coastal bureau in Wilmington.

On September 8, 2008, at noon, WWAY, WECT, WSFX, WILM-LP and W51CW all turned off their analog signals, making Wilmington the first market in the nation to go digital-only as part of a test by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to iron out transition and reception concerns before the nationwide shutoff. Wilmington was chosen as the test market because the area's digital channel positions will remain unchanged after the transition.[187] As the area's official conduit of emergency information, WUNJ did not participate in the early analog switchoff, and kept their analog signal on until the national digital switchover date of June 12, 2009.[188] W47CK did not participate due to its low-power status; FCC rules currently exempt low-powered stations from the 2009 analog shutdown.[189] WILM-LP and W51CW chose to participate, even though they are exempt as LPTV stations.[190]

Despite Tropical Storm Hanna making landfall southwest of Wilmington two days before (September 6), the switchover continued as scheduled. The ceremony was marked by governmental and television representatives flipping a large switch (marked with the slogan "First in Flight, First in Digital") from analog to digital.[191]

Sports

Club League Venue Founded Titles
Wilmington Sharks CPL, Baseball Buck Hardee Field at Legion Stadium 1997 2
Wilmington Hammerheads[lower-alpha 3] USL, Soccer Legion Stadium 1996 1
Wilmington Sea Dawgs TRBL, Basketball Wilmington YMCA 2006 0

The Wilmington Sharks are a Coastal Plain League (CPL) baseball team in Wilmington that was founded in 1997 and was among the charter organizations when the CPL was formed that same year. The roster is made up of top collegiate baseball players fine-tuning their skills using wood bats to prepare for professional baseball. Their stadium is located at Buck Hardee Field at Legion Stadium.

The Wilmington Sea Dawgs are a Tobacco Road Basketball League (TRBL) team that began its inaugural season with the American Basketball Association (ABA) in November 2006 and have also played in the Premier Basketball League, and the Continental Basketball League.

The Wilmington Hammerheads were a professional soccer team based in Wilmington. They were founded in 1996 and played in the United Soccer Leagues Second Division. Their stadium was Legion Stadium, however, UNCW Soccer Stadium for their 2017 season. After the 2009 season, the USL discontinued their relationship with the franchise owner Chuck Sullivan.[192] The Hammerheads franchise returned in 2011, but was disbanded again in 2017.[193] Currently, the organization only manages its youth team under the name Wilmington Hammerheads Youth FC.[194]

The University of North Carolina Wilmington sponsors 19 intercollegiate sports and has held Division 1 membership in the NCAA since 1977. UNCW competes in the Colonial Athletic Association and has been a member since 1984.

The University of North Carolina Wilmington is also home to the Seamen Ultimate Frisbee team. The team won the National Championship in 1993 and most recently qualified for the USA Ultimate College Nationals tournament in 2014

The Cape Fear Rugby Football Club is an amateur rugby club playing in USA Rugby South Division II. They were founded in 1974 and hosts the annual Cape Fear Sevens Tournament held over July 4 weekend; hosting teams from all over the world. They own their own rugby pitch located at 21st and Chestnut St.[195]

Off and on, from 1900 to 2001, Wilmington has been home to a professional minor league baseball team. The Wilmington Pirates, a Cincinnati Reds farm team, were one of the top clubs in the Tobacco State League from 1946–50.[196] Most recently the Wilmington Waves, a Class A affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers, played in the South Atlantic League. Former All Star catcher Jason Varitek played for Wilmington's Port City Roosters in 1995 and 1996. In 1914 the Philadelphia Phillies held spring training in Wilmington.[197]

The beach near Wilmington, NC is home to the annual O’Neil/Sweetwater Pro-Am and Music Festival, the second largest surfing contest on the East Coast.[198]

Retail

Points of interest

Notable people

Art and literature

Government and politics

Media and entertainment

Military

Sportspeople

Other notables

Sister cities

Wilmington is a sister city with the following cities:

See also

Notes

  1. Unofficial readjusted 2020 count of 422,598.
  2. Official snowfall records for Wilmington were kept at the Weather Bureau in downtown from December 1870 to September 1951, and at Wilmington Int'l since October 1951. Precipitation, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature records date to 1 January 1871, 1 March 1873, and 1 April 1874 respectively.[68] For more information, see ThreadEx.
  3. Disbanded in 2017. All operations were moved to its youth team, Wilmington Hammerheads Youth FC.

References

  1. "10 years in 'Wilmywood': Actor reflects on boom in the industry". Spectrum News 1. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  2. "Elected Officials". New Hanover County Board of Elections. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  3. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  4. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Wilmington, North Carolina
  5. "List of 2020 Census Urban Areas". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  6. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Wilmington city, North Carolina". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  7. "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". Archived from the original on April 1, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  8. "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. May 18, 2023. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  9. "Wilmington Riverwalk | City of Wilmington, NC".
  10. "Best American Riverfront Winners: 2014 10 Best Readers' Choice Travel Awards". 10Best.
  11. "Dozen Distinctive Destinations: Wilmington, NC" (2008). Archived January 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  12. "University of North Carolina Wilmington". uncw.edu. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  13. Tyson, Timothy B/ (November 17, 2006). "The Ghosts of 1898 - Wilmington's Race Riot And The Rise Of White Supremacy" (PDF). The News & Observer.
  14. Cain, Brooke; Quillan, Martha (February 17, 2021). "10 NC Black history lessons you likely weren't taught in school (but should have been)". Raleigh News & Observer. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  15. Crain, Caleb. "What a White-Supremacist Coup Looks Like". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  16. "Coast Guard Cities". United States Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Defense Media Activity. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  17. "United States Coast Guard Atlantic Area > Our Organization > Area Cutters > CGDILIGENCE > History". United States Coast Guard Atlantic Area, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Defense Media Activity. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  18. "Photos: Coast Guard Cutter Diligence through the years". Wilmington Star News. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  19. "Home ⋆ Battleship NC". Battleship NC. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  20. "The Children's Museum of Wilmington NC | Play. Learn. Grow Together". children-museum-wilm. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  21. "Company Town Annex". Los Angeles Times. July 25, 1996. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
  22. WECT Staff (September 27, 2023). "Cinespace Studios buys EUE/Screen Gems studio in Wilmington". www.wect.com. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
  23. "Film Brochure New copy" (PDF). airliegardens.org. July 8, 2020. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
  24. Little, Ken. "Dream Stage Sets Port City On Course For A Blockbuster". WilmingtonBiz. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
  25. "Movies Filmed in Wilmington, NC". Wilmington Regional Film Commission. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  26. "Television Filmed in Wilmington, NC". Wilmington Regional Film Commission. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  27. Lee, Lawrence (1990). The Lower Cape Fear in colonial days. Library of Congress Photoduplication Service. pp. 119–125. OCLC 865969052.
  28. "Wilmington, NC History - Wilmington-NC.com". www.wilmington-nc.com. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  29. "Documenting the American South: Colonial and State Records of North Carolina".
  30. Alan D. Watson Wilmington, North Carolina, to 1861. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2003.
  31. B.C. Brooks (January 7, 2014). "B.C. Brooks: A Writer's Hiding Place: Historical Execution of Gov. George Burrington of North Carolina".
  32. Donald R. Lennon and Ida B. Kellam, eds. The Wilmington Town Book, 1743–1778. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1973.
  33. Marvin Michael Kay and Lorin Lee Cary. Slavery in North Carolina, 1748–1775, Chapel Hill: Univ of North Carolina Press, 1995.
  34. "Fort Johnston". www.ncpedia.org. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  35. "The Stamp Act Crisis in North Carolina". www.ncpedia.org. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  36. William L. Saunders, ed. The Colonial Records of North Carolina, 10 vols. Raleigh, NC: P.M. Hale, 1886–1980. 7: pp. 124–25, 131, 143.
  37. E. Lawrence Lee. The Lower Cape Fear in Colonial Days. Chapel Hill, NC: Univ of North Carolina Press, 1965. p. 245.
  38. Donna J. Spindel. "Law and Disorder: The North Carolina Stamp Act Crisis"North Carolina Historical Review, 56: 1981. p. 8.
  39. Paul David Nelson. William Tryon and the Course of Empire. Chapel Hill, NC: Univ of North Carolina Press, 1990. pp. 42–43.
  40. Ingram, Hunter. "Revolution came early in the Cape Fear with Stamp Act rebellion". Wilmington Star-News. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  41. The American annual register. (1827-35). New York : G. & C. Carvill, 8v., p. 593.
  42. Janet L. Seapker "History of Oakdale Cemetery" Archived December 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Oakdale Cemetery. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
  43. Andrew J. Howell, The Book of Wilmington. Wilmington, NC: Wilmington Printing Company, 1930.
  44. "Chapter 5" Archived March 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, 1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission Report, North Carolina Dept. of Cultural Resources
  45. Davis, Judith H. (1978). "Wilmington, NC and the Lower Cape Fear Area During the Civil War". archivesspace.uncw.edu. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
  46. "Battle of Wilmington". www.thomaslegion.net. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  47. Angela Mack (December 16, 2005). "Over a century later, facts of 1898 race riots released". Star-News. Wilmington, NC.
  48. "The Commercial & Financial Chronicle". William B. Dana Company. 1899.
  49. "NORTH CAROLINA'S NEGROES: Offices Which They Hold in Several Counties of the State". New York Times. November 6, 1898.
  50. Prather Sr., Leon H. (1998). "We have taken a city". In Cecelsi, David; Tyson, Timothy (eds.). Democracy Betrayed: The Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 15–41. ISBN 0807824518.
  51. When white supremacists overthrew a government, archived from the original on October 30, 2021, retrieved September 8, 2019
  52. Islah Speller (March 19, 2017). "Sugar Hill Neighborhood Walking Tour". C-SPAN.
  53. "Twentieth-Century North Carolina Timeline". www.ncmuseumofhistory.org. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  54. "Survey and Research Report on the Mecklenburg County Courthouse". Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  55. "History of Wilmington | From the Colonial Era to Today". www.wilmingtonandbeaches.com. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  56. "America's First". www.wilmingtonnc.gov. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  57. "Wilmington's World War II German POW Camp sign dedication". wect.com. September 19, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  58. "Wilmington". www.ncpedia.org. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  59. "ONLY ON 3: 12 years after annexation, some Masonboro residents still waiting for city services". WWAYTV3. April 11, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  60. "North Carolina stops annexation of Monkey Junction". WWAYTV3. May 30, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  61. "Seagate Neighborhood Plan". www.wilmingtonnc.gov. 2004. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  62. "American World War II Heritage City Program - World War II (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  63. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  64. "All Attractions | Wilmington, NC | Official Tourism Site". www.wilmingtonandbeaches.com. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  65. "Threaded Climate Extremes for Wilmington Area, NC". National Weather Service. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
  66. "Wilmington's Race to 100 inches!".
  67. Dolce, Chris (September 17, 2018). "Florence Vaults Wilmington, North Carolina, to Its Record Wettest Year Since 1877". Weather Underground. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  68. "NowData: NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  69. "2018 Climate Summary for Southeastern North Carolina and Northeastern South Carolina".
  70. Tim Armstrong (April 13, 2015). "Wilmington, NC Snowfall Database since 1870". www.weather.gov. National Weather Service. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  71. ""Snow Balling" Snowstorm: February 17-18, 1896".
  72. "Station: Wilmington INTL AP, NC". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  73. "WILMINGTON WSO AP, NC Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  74. "Gangs Archives – WWAY TV3". WWAY TV3.
  75. "New team to battle gang violence in Wilmington :: WRAL.com". Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  76. TV3, WWAY. "City Council approves funding for WPD gang investigative unit". Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  77. United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  78. "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  79. "Wilmington city North Carolina QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on February 11, 2015.
  80. "Wilmington, North Carolina Religion".
  81. McGrath, Gareth. "Flying high, Wilmington airport sets passenger record". Wilmington Star News. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  82. "ILM reports annual passenger record". WilmingtonBiz. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  83. "Wilmington Airport Documents • Fly ILM". Fly ILM. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  84. ABC11. "Stolen I-40 sign gone for good - Barstow, California sign stolen and replaced four times | ABC11 Raleigh-Durham | abc11.com". ABC11 Raleigh-Durham. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
  85. "Bus, Shuttle & Trolley Transportation – Wave Transit, Wilmington, NC". Wavetransit.com. April 7, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  86. "Seaboard Air Line Railroad, Table 38". Official Guide of the Railways. National Railway Publication Company. 90 (7). December 1957.
  87. Gubbins, Pat Borden (August 7, 1988). "ALL ABOARD! TENANT SOUGHT TO RENOVATE SEABOARD DEPOT". Charlotte Observer.
  88. "400 Kilometers". Unc.edu. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  89. "City of Wilmington, North Carolina > Community Services > Recreation > Docking". Ci.wilmington.nc.us. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  90. "Wilmington eases taxi regulations to help industry compete with Uber, Lyft". Port City Daily. November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  91. "City of Wilmington, North Carolina > Community Services > Gary Shell Cross City Trail". Wilmingtonnc.gov. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  92. "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas". statisticalatlas.com. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  93. "Port of Wilmington". NC Ports. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  94. "About Us - Wilmington Chamber of Commerce, NC". www.wilmingtonchamber.org. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  95. "City of Santa Fe Springs CAFR" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 28, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  96. "City Selects Council-Manager System, 1,743 To 1,259 Votes, In Unusually Light Referendum". Wilmington Morning Star. Vol. 74, no. 181 (final ed.). April 1, 1941. p. 1.
  97. "Wilmington History". City of Wilmington, North Carolina. Retrieved May 9, 2017. (Timeline)
  98. "De Rosset, Moses John". NCpedia. May 29, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  99. "Hinton James: First Student at Chapel Hill - NC DNCR". NC Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. February 12, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  100. "Digital Collections » Text". Digital Collections at ECU. June 12, 1916. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  101. Relief Association (Portsmouth, Va.) (1856). Report to the Contributors of the Fund for the Relief of Portsmouth, Virginia, During the Prevalence of the Yellow Fever ... 1855 ... p. 285. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  102. Rhodes' Journal of Banking ...: A Practical Banker's Magazine. B. Rhodes & Company. 1883. p. 601. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  103. Sterling, A.W. (1922). The Book of Englewood. Mayor and council of the city of Englewood, N. J. p. 273. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  104. T.H. Haddock, ed. (1871), Wilmington, N.C., Directory, P. Heinsberger, p. 24
  105. Evans, W.M.K.; Joyner, C. (2004). Ballots and Fence Rails: Reconstruction on the Lower Cape Fear. University of Georgia Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-8203-2384-8. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  106. The New England Historical and Genealogical Register. New England Historic Genealogical Society. 1873. p. 102. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  107. Rogoff, L. (2010). Down Home: Jewish Life in North Carolina. University of North Carolina Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-8078-9599-3. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  108. "North Carolina Wilmington Encyclopedia". Institute of Southern Jewish Life. Retrieved January 14, 2020. In 1878, Fishblate was elected mayor of Wilmington, serving three years. After his term, he was elected once again as an alderman in the 1880s, along with another member of Temple of Israel, Solomon Bear. Fishblate was elected mayor once again in 1891.
  109. "Hall, Edward Dudley". NCpedia. March 26, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  110. Cope, G. (1887). Genealogy of the Sharpless Family. Bicentennial Committee. p. 955. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  111. History of North Carolina (PDF). Chicago and new York: The Lewis Publishing Company. 1919. p. 33. He served as mayor of Wilmington from 1891 to 1893, and was also an alderman for two years.
  112. Lawrence Kestenbaum (ed.). "Mayors of Wilmington, North Carolina". Political Graveyard. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  113. "1898hist4". UNCW Faculty and Staff Web Pages. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  114. "Marker: D-103". NC Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. Retrieved January 15, 2020. Dr. Silas P. Wright, the white Republican mayor, resigned under pressure as did members of the city council and other officers, both black and white. Waddell then took office as mayor
  115. Tyson, Timothy B. (November 17, 2006). "The Ghosts of 1898" (PDF). The News & Observer.
  116. De Lancey Haywood, M. (1906). The Beginnings of Freemasonry in North Carolina and Tennessee. Weaver & Lynch. p. 58. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  117. R.D.W. Connor, ed. (1918). North Carolina Manual. Publications of the Legislative Reference Library. North Carolina Historical Commission. p. 409. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  118. Page, Walter Hines; Page, Arthur Wilson (1907). The World's Work. Doubleday, Page and Company. p. 9046. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  119. United States. Congress (1910). Congressional Record. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 331. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  120. Wilmington, N.C. Directory, Richmond, Virginia: Hill Directory Co., 1911
  121. Municipal Journal. Municipal Journal and Engineer, Incorporated. 1913. p. 788. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  122. The Cumulative Daily Digest of Corporation News. Moody Manual Company. 1920. p. 54. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  123. North Carolina (1921). Session Laws and Resolutions Passed by the General Assembly. p. 1-PA3. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  124. "Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina". The Wilmington Dispatch. March 19, 2010. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  125. "Wilmington's first (and only) woman mayor". Cape Fear Historian. October 25, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  126. "A Milestone for Women, Mayors, and North Carolina". Our State Magazine. November 4, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  127. Grant, A.H.; Buttenheim, H.S. (1924). The American City. Buttenheim Publishing Corporation. p. 453. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  128. "Wilmington Mayor Bill Saffo holds onto Seat, Kevin Spears joins city council". November 6, 2019. His 2017 win broke the record of Walter H. Blair, who served for 11 years from 1926 to 1937
  129. Hill's Wilmington City Directory (PDF). Richmond, Virginia: Hill Directory Company. 1930. p. 86.
  130. "Indianapolis Recorder 3 July 1937". Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program. July 3, 1937. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  131. "Wilmington Local 129 History". Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  132. Reports of the Tax Court of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1950. p. 868. Retrieved January 14, 2020. In the spring of 1941 the petitioner was elected mayor of the city of Wilmington...The petitioner continued to serve as mayor until November 1942 when he entered the United States Army as a commissioned officer
  133. Stallman, D.A. (2004). Echoes of Topsail: Stories of the Island's Past. Carlisle Printing. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-9708239-2-2. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  134. "People Back Home". Yank, the Army Weekly. December 9, 1942. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  135. Cantwell, Si (July 24, 2009). "Who are the Camerons?". MyReporter.com. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  136. Steelman, Ben (April 4, 2013). "Developer, Philanthropist Bruce Cameron dies". Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  137. Full Employment Act of 1945: Hearings... U.S. Government Printing Office. 1945. pp. 1112–1113. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  138. War Department Civil Functions Appropriation Bill, 1947, Hearings... 1946. p. 514. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  139. "PHOTOS: Good WILLmington Mission of 1948". July 25, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  140. Steelman, Ben (July 15, 2011). "How many former Wilmington mayors are still alive?". www.starnewsonline.com. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  141. Defense Housing and Community Facilities: Hearings...1951. 1951. pp. 195–202. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  142. "In Memory: Daniel David Cameron", Star-News, July 7, 2005 via Google News
  143. Wilmington, N.C. Directory, Richmond, Virginia: Hill Directory Co., 1963 icon of an open green padlock
  144. Steelman, Ben (November 13, 2009). "Hannah Block, Wilmington civic leader, dies". www.starnewsonline.com. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  145. "Ex-Wilmington mayor remembered", Wilmington Star News, July 13, 2001
  146. "Wilmington City Council". Cdm16072.contentdm.oclc.org. May 31, 1972. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  147. "Former Wilmington mayor Ben Halterman, 87, dies", Wilmington Star News, April 9, 2013
  148. "North Carolina Wilmington Encyclopedia". Institute of Southern Jewish Life. Retrieved January 14, 2020. In 1983, his brother William Schwartz was elected mayor of Wilmington, serving for two years.
  149. "Cape Fearians Collection", New Hanover County Digital Archives, Wilmington: New Hanover County Public Library, retrieved May 9, 2017
  150. Rau, Jordan (January 28, 2021). "In the midst of the pandemic, a public hospital is gobbled up". Fortune Magazine. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  151. "Annual Financial Report New Hanover Regional Medical Center Wilmington, North Carolina (A Component Unit of New Hanover County, North Carolina) Years Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 With Report of Independent Auditor" (PDF). New Hanover Regional Medical Center. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  152. Paavola, Alia (February 1, 2021). "Novant buys North Carolina health system". Beckers Hospital Review. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  153. "Home". Thalian Hall. May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  154. "Welcome to the Hannah S. Block Community Arts Center". Wilmingtoncommunityarts.org. April 5, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  155. "Thalian Association – The Official Community Theater of North Carolina". Thalian.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  156. "North Carolina State Community Theater – Thalian Association". Statesymbolsusa.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  157. "What is TACT? | Children's Theater". Thalian.org. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  158. "UNCW - Office of Cultural Arts". appserv02.uncw.edu. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011.
  159. "Concerts, Weddings, Events in Wilmington, NC :: The Brooklyn Arts Center at St. Andrews, Wilmington, NC". Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  160. "Progressing Ballet Technique". pbt.dance. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  161. "Turning Pointe Dance Company's "Pinocchio"". Life 90.5. November 18, 2019. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  162. "SIX Full Episodes, Video & More". HISTORY. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  163. "Television". Archived from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  164. Barth, Jack (1991)
  165. "Feature Film". Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  166. Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More. Contemporary Books. Pages 173–175. ISBN 9780809243266.
  167. "The brief life and unnecessary death of Brandon Lee". EW.com. April 16, 1993. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  168. "Annual Festival of Independent Film". Cucalorus. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  169. "History of the WJFF". Wilmington Jewish Film Festival. Archived from the original on October 22, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  170. Hunter Ingram StarNews Staff. "EyeCon's 'One Tree Hill' reunion conventions to end". Wilmington Star News. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  171. "North Carolina cutting film tax credit program". Los Angeles Times. August 27, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  172. "Film Incentives". North Carolina Film Office. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  173. "Wilmington Symphony Orchestra | Wilmington NC". Wilmingtonsymphony.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  174. "Wilmington Exchange Festival for Art, Music and More". We Festival. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  175. "Festival 2017". Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  176. "Cape Fear Blues Society – Wilmington, NC". Capefearblues.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  177. "Wilmington, NC". Cameron Art Museum. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  178. "Cape Fear Museum". Cape Fear Museum. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  179. "Welcome to the Children's Museum of Wilmington!". Playwilmington.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  180. "Wilmington Railroad Museum". Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  181. "Welcome to the Hannah S. Block Community Arts Center". Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  182. "WWII Wilmington Home Front Heritage Coalition – Wilbur Jones Compositions, L.L.C". Wilburjones.com. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  183. "NC Azalea Festival | Art, Gardens, Culture | Wilmington, NC". ncazaleafestival.org. October 20, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  184. "GateHouse, Gannett merger is official, creating largest U.S. newspaper chain". MarketWatch. Associated Press. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  185. "Port City Daily". Port City Daily. July 28, 2023. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  186. "Our Properties". Local Daily Media. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  187. Davidson, Paul (May 8, 2008). "Wilmington, N.C., to test mandatory switch to digital TV". USA Today.
  188. "Article no longer available".
  189. Teinowitz, Ira. "FCC Confirms Wilmington as Digital Test Market". TVWeek. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  190. John Eggerton (May 10, 2008). "Wilmington Pulls Plug on Analog". Broadcasting Cable. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  191. Dunbar, John. "Wilmington TV broadcasters make switch to digital". StarNewsOnline.com. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  192. "Hammerheads removed from USL: Owner has comment". www.wect.com. October 6, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  193. Smist, John (February 16, 2018). "Wilmington Hammerheads PDL team won't return in 2018". www.wect.com. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  194. "Soccer". YMCA of Southeastern North Carolina. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  195. "Cape Fear Rugby Club – Honesti Supra Et Atque Campum".
  196. Holaday, Chris (2016). The Tobacco State League; A North Carolina Baseball History, 1946–1950. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-6670-9.
  197. The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Sterling Publishing. 2007. p. 1789. ISBN 978-1-4027-4771-7.
  198. Creek, Tidal. "Three Awesome Places to Go Surfing in Wilmington NC". Tidal Creek. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  199. "Sampson, John Patterson". Encyclopedia.com.
  200. Steelman, Ben. (October 10, 2003). Medal of Honor winners remembered Archived October 20, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. starnewsonline. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  201. Thompson, Wright (May 19, 2020). "Michael Jordan: A history of flight". ESPN. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  202. Staton, John (April 14, 2022). "What we've learned about Michael Jordan's impact in his hometown of Wilmington". Star-News. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  203. "Wilmington's Sister Cities". Sister Cities Association of Wilmington. Retrieved December 3, 2021.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.