List of national capitals

This is a list of national capitals, including capitals of territories and dependencies, non-sovereign states including associated states and entities whose sovereignty is disputed.

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The capitals included on this list are those associated with states or territories listed by the international standard ISO 3166-1, or that are included in the list of states with limited recognition.

Sovereign states and observer states within the United Nations are shown in bold text.

List
City/Town Country/Territory Notes
Abidjan (former capital; still hosts some government offices) Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)Abidjan is the largest city in Ivory Coast and is officially designated as the economic capital.
Yamoussoukro (de jure)
Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
Abuja NigeriaLagos was the capital from 1914 to 1991.
Accra Ghana
Adamstown Pitcairn IslandsBritish Overseas Territory.
Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Aden (de facto, temporary) YemenDue to the Yemeni civil war (2014–present), Sanaa has been occupied by Houthi rebels since September 2014. Aden, the former capital of South Yemen, is Yemen's acting capital.
Sanaa (de jure)
Algiers Algeria
Alofi NiueSelf-governing in free association with New Zealand. Government offices are spread across both Alofi North and Alofi South.
Amman Jordan
Amsterdam (official) NetherlandsThe Dutch government is located in The Hague, which also hosts the monarch, government ministries, judiciary and diplomatic missions. See also: Capital of the Netherlands.
The Hague (de facto)
Andorra la Vella Andorra
Ankara TurkeyAnkara became the capital of the newly-formed Republic of Turkey in 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence. Istanbul was the capital of Turkey's predecessor, the Ottoman Empire.
Antananarivo Madagascar
Apia Samoa
Ashgabat Turkmenistan
Asmara Eritrea
Astana KazakhstanAstana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty was the capital from 1929 to 1997.
Asunción Paraguay
Athens Greece
Avarua Cook IslandsSelf-governing in free association with New Zealand. The capital is sometimes incorrectly stated as Rarotonga, the island on which Avarua is located.
Baghdad Iraq
Baku Azerbaijan
Bamako Mali
Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei
Bangkok Thailand
Bangui Central African Republic
Banjul Gambia, The
Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis
Beijing ChinaSee also: Historical capitals of China.
Beirut Lebanon
Belgrade Serbia
Belmopan BelizeBelize City was the capital of Belize's predecessor, British Honduras.
Berlin GermanyBonn was the capital of West Germany and remained the seat of government for reunified Germany until 1999, and is still the primary seat of six ministries. See also: Capital of Germany.
Bern (de facto) Switzerland
Bishkek Kyrgyzstan
Bissau Guinea-Bissau
Bloemfontein (judicial) South Africa
Cape Town (legislative)
Pretoria (executive)
Bogotá Colombia
Brades (de facto) MontserratBritish Overseas Territory. Plymouth was abandoned after the eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano in 1997. Government offices since then have been moved to Brades, which is in the northwestern part of Montserrat.
Plymouth (de jure)
Brasília BrazilRio de Janeiro was the capital until 1960. See also: Capitals of Brazil.
Bratislava Slovakia
Brazzaville Congo
Bridgetown Barbados
Brussels Belgium
Bucharest Romania
Budapest HungarySee also: List of historical capitals of Hungary.
Buenos Aires Argentina
Cairo EgyptA new capital is being built at the New Administrative Capital. It might be named Egypt. See also: List of historical capitals of Egypt.
Canberra AustraliaPlanned city built to overcome the rivalry between Melbourne (de facto capital at the time) and Sydney (economic capital and largest population center), which were both put forward as potential capitals for the nation in the Australasia Federation Conventions of the 1890s. Section 125 of the Constitution gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth, while the Seat of Government Act 1908 specified its precise location.
Caracas Venezuela
Castries Saint Lucia
Charlotte Amalie United States Virgin IslandsTerritory of the United States.
Chișinău Moldova
Cockburn Town Turks and Caicos IslandsBritish Overseas Territory.
Colombo (executive, judicial) Sri LankaUntil the 1982, the capital was Colombo, where many governmental institutions still remain, and which is still designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. See also: Capital of Sri Lanka.
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (official)Also known as Kotte, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is a suburb of Colombo.
Conakry Guinea
Copenhagen Denmark
Cotonou (de facto) Benin
Porto-Novo (official)
Dakar Senegal
Damascus Syria
Dhaka Bangladesh
Dili East Timor
Djibouti Djibouti
Dodoma  TanzaniaDar es Salaam, the former capital and largest city, continues to host some government ministries, the judiciary, and diplomatic missions.
Doha Qatar
Douglas Isle of ManBritish Crown Dependency.
Dublin Ireland
Dushanbe Tajikistan
Edinburgh Scotland
Flying Fish Cove Christmas IslandExternal territory of Australia.
Freetown Sierra Leone
Funafuti Tuvalu
Gaborone Botswana
George Town Cayman IslandsBritish Overseas Territory.
Georgetown Ascension IslandPart of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Georgetown Guyana
Gibraltar GibraltarBritish Overseas Territory, city-state.
Gitega (de jure) BurundiBujumbura was the capital from 1962 to 2018.
Bujumbura (de facto)
Guatemala City Guatemala
Gustavia Saint BarthélemyOverseas collectivity of France.
Hagåtña GuamTerritory of the United States.
Hamilton BermudaBritish Overseas Territory.
Hanoi VietnamSee also: List of historical capitals of Vietnam.
Harare Zimbabwe
Hargeisa SomalilandUnrecognized and self-declared state, de jure part of Somalia.
Havana Cuba
Helsinki Finland
Honiara Solomon IslandsHoniara is a settlement on the island of Guadalcanal.
Islamabad PakistanKarachi was selected as the first capital of Pakistan and served as such from 1948 until the capital was shifted to Rawalpindi in 1958. Rawalpindi served as an interim capital for almost a decade until the construction of Islamabad was complete; the capital became Islamabad in 1967.
Jakarta  IndonesiaA new purpose-built city named Nusantara in Kalimantan is planned to replace Jakarta as the national capital from the mid-2020s.[1][2]
Jamestown Saint HelenaPart of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Jerusalem  Israel The Jerusalem Law states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel" and the city serves as the seat of the Israeli government and its institutions. United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem. Most countries currently maintain their embassies in and around Tel Aviv. The United States recognized Jerusalem as the capital and moved its embassy there in May 2018.[3] Many countries officially adhere to the proposal that Jerusalem have international status, as called for in the 1947 Partition Plan.[4]
 Palestine
Ramallah (de facto)
Juba South Sudan
Kabul Afghanistan
Kampala Uganda
Kathmandu Nepal
Khartoum Sudan
Kigali Rwanda
King Edward Point South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsBritish Overseas Territory.
Kingston Jamaica
Kingston Norfolk IslandExternal territory of Australia.
Kingstown Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kuala Lumpur (de jure, legislative and royal) Malaysia
Putrajaya (administrative and judicial)
Kuwait City Kuwait
Kyiv Ukraine
La Paz (administrative) BoliviaLa Paz is the highest administrative capital (3,650 m) in the world, higher than Quito.[5]
Sucre (constitutional)
Laayoune (declared) Western SaharaThe Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), recognized by 84 UN member states and South Ossetia, claims the mostly Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara. Moroccan-controlled territory includes Laayoune, and Morocco claims all Sahrawi-controlled territory. Tifariti is the current temporary capital of the SADR (formerly Bir Lehlou). Some government and military structures reside in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.[6] See Also: Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
Tifariti (de facto)
Libreville Gabon
Lilongwe Malawi
Lima PeruCusco is declared the "historical capital" (Spanish: capital histórica), a merely symbolic statement, by Article 49 of the Peruvian Constitution. Arequipa is dubbed the "legal capital" of Peru for being the seat of the Constitutional Court.
Lisbon Portugal
Ljubljana Slovenia
Lobamba (royal and legislative) Eswatini
Mbabane (administrative)
Lomé Togo
London United KingdomPrior to the Acts of Union in 1707, London was the capital of England only; Edinburgh was the capital of the Kingdom of Scotland. The United Kingdom also includes the subdivisions of  England (capital London),  Scotland (capital Edinburgh),  Wales (capital Cardiff),  Northern Ireland (capital Belfast).
London (administration)  British Indian Ocean Territory British Overseas Territory. Officially, the British Indian Ocean Territory is administered from London,[7] though some consider the capital to be Diego Garcia.[8]
Diego Garcia (de facto)
Luanda Angola
Lusaka Zambia
Luxembourg Luxembourg
Madrid Spain
Majuro Marshall IslandsSelf-governing in free association with the United States. The seat of government is at Delap-Uliga-Djarrit, a settlement on the atoll of Majuro.
Malabo Equatorial GuineaCiudad de la Paz is currently under construction and will become the new capital when complete.[9]
Malé Maldives
Managua Nicaragua
Manama Bahrain
Manila Philippines
Maputo Mozambique
Mariehamn Åland IslandsAutonomous region of Finland.
Marigot Saint MartinOverseas collectivity of France.
Maseru Lesotho
Mata Utu Wallis and FutunaOverseas collectivity of France.
Mexico City Mexico
Minsk Belarus
Mogadishu Somalia
Monaco MonacoCity-state. Monaco does not have an official capital designated in its constitution; however, the Commune of Monaco, the country's only commune, is coterminous with the nation, making it the de facto capital.[10][11]
Monrovia Liberia
Montevideo Uruguay
Moroni Comoros
Moscow Russia
Muscat Oman
Nairobi Kenya
Nassau Bahamas, The
Naypyidaw MyanmarYangon was the capital until 2006.[12] See also: List of capitals of Myanmar.
N'Djamena Chad
New Delhi IndiaKolkata was the capital of India until 1911 during the British Raj.
Ngerulmud PalauSelf-governing in free association with the United States. Koror City was the capital of Palau until 2006.
Niamey Niger
Nicosia Cyprus
 Nicosia is a divided capital, split between Cyprus, which claims the whole city, and the internationally unrecognized breakaway state of Northern Cyprus.
 Northern Cyprus
Nouakchott Mauritania
Nouméa New CaledoniaOverseas territory of France.
Nukuʻalofa Tonga
Nuuk GreenlandSelf-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Oranjestad ArubaSelf-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Oslo NorwaySee also: List of historical capitals of Norway.
Ottawa Canada
Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
Pago Pago American SamoaTerritory of the United States.
Palikir MicronesiaSelf-governing in free association with the United States. Kolonia is the former capital; and Australia, China, Japan and the United States retain embassies there.
Panama City Panama
Papeete French PolynesiaOverseas collectivity of France.
Paramaribo Suriname
Paris FranceSee also: List of Capitals of France.
Philipsburg Sint MaartenSelf-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Phnom Penh Cambodia
Podgorica  Montenegro Cetinje has been designated the "Old Royal Capital" and is the present seat of the President.
Port Louis Mauritius
Port Moresby Papua New Guinea
Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago
Port Vila Vanuatu
Port-au-Prince Haiti
Prague Czech RepublicThe Supreme Court of the Czech Republic is located in Brno.[13]
Praia Cape Verde
Pristina KosovoDe facto independent state that is recognized by 114 UN member states, Taiwan, the Cook Islands and Niue.. Claimed in whole by Serbia as part of its Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
Pyongyang North Korea
Quito EcuadorHighest official capital (2,850 m).[5]
Rabat Morocco
Reykjavík Iceland
Riga Latvia
Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Road Town British Virgin IslandsBritish Overseas Territory.
Rome Italy
Roseau Dominica
Rothera British Antarctic TerritoryBritish Overseas Territory.
Saipan Northern Mariana IslandsTerritory of the United States. The seat of government is at Capitol Hill, a settlement on the island of Saipan.
San José Costa Rica
San Juan Puerto RicoTerritory of the United States.
San Marino San Marino
San Salvador El Salvador
Santiago ChileThe National Congress of Chile is located in Valparaíso.
Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
São Tomé São Tomé and Príncipe
Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
Seoul South KoreaOn 2 July 2012, some functions of government moved to Sejong City, which became the de facto administrative capital of South Korea.
Singapore SingaporeCity-state.
Skopje North Macedonia
Sofia Bulgaria
South Tarawa KiribatiSouth Tarawa is a settlement on the atoll of Tarawa.
St. George's Grenada
St. Helier JerseyBritish Crown Dependency.
St. John's Antigua and Barbuda
St. Peter Port GuernseyBritish Crown Dependency.
St. Pierre Saint Pierre and MiquelonOverseas collectivity of France.
Stanley Falkland IslandsBritish Overseas Territory.
Stepanakert ArtsakhThe self-declared country remains diplomatically unrecognized by UN member states, though Transnistria, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia all recognize it. Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.
Stockholm Sweden
Sukhumi AbkhaziaDe facto independent state recognized by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Syria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Suva Fiji
Taipei TaiwanOfficially the Republic of China, it has been competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the sole Chinese government since 1949. Taiwan controls the island of Taiwan and its associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of the Spratly Islands.[Note 1] Its territory is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[Note 2] The Republic of China participates in the World Health Organization and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the International Olympic Committee and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly Chinese Taipei.
Tallinn Estonia
Tashkent Uzbekistan
Tbilisi GeorgiaFrom 2012 to 2018, Kutaisi served as Georgia's legislative capital. Additionally, Mtskheta is sometimes called an "ancient capital" of Georgia.[14][15]
Tegucigalpa HondurasComayagüela is declared in the Honduran Constitution as co-official capital with Tegucigalpa.[16] They have since merged into a single urban area.
Comayagüela
Tehran Iran
Thimphu Bhutan
Tirana Albania
Tiraspol TransnistriaDe facto independent state, not recognized by any UN-member, but by Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Artsakh. Claimed in whole by Moldova as the autonomous territorial unit of Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester
Tokyo JapanSee also: Capital of Japan.
Tórshavn Faroe IslandsSelf-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Tripoli Libya
Tskhinvali South OssetiaDe facto independent state recognized by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Syria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia.
Tunis Tunisia
Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
Vaduz Liechtenstein
Valletta Malta
The Valley AnguillaBritish Overseas Territory.
Vatican City Vatican CityCity-state.
Victoria Seychelles
Vienna Austria
Vientiane Laos
Vilnius Lithuania
Warsaw PolandFormer capitals listed in: Template:Historical capitals of Poland.
Washington, D.C. United StatesThe capital of the United States has moved multiple times. See also: National capitals of the United States.
Wellington New ZealandSince 1865. Wellington is New Zealand's third capital. See also: Capital of New Zealand.
West Island Cocos (Keeling) IslandsExternal territory of Australia.
Willemstad CuraçaoSelf-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Windhoek Namibia
Yaoundé Cameroon
Yaren (de facto) NauruNauru has no official capital; however, the government offices are in Yaren.
Yerevan Armenia
Zagreb Croatia

Notes
  1. Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by the PRC, the ROC, Vietnam, the Philippines (part), Malaysia (part), and Brunei (part). Except Brunei, each of these countries occupies part of the islands (see List of territorial disputes).
  2. In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CCP established the People's Republic. As such, the political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.

References
  1. "Indonesia announces site of capital city to replace sinking Jakarta". The Guardian. 26 August 2019.
  2. "Indonesia names new capital that will replace Jakarta". BBC News. 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  3. See the CIA Factbook and Map of Israel
  4. Sharkansky, Ira (1996). Governing Jerusalem: Again on the world's agenda. Wayne State University Press. p. 23. ISBN 0-8143-2592-0.
  5. Jacobs, Frank (19 June 2012). "Amazonia or Bust!". New York Times. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  6. "CIA - The World Factbook -- Western Sahara". June 12, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-12.
  7. "Governance | British Indian Ocean Territory". www.biot.gov.io. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  8. "British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT)" (PDF). Island Studies. University of Prince Edward Island.
  9. Fortin, Jacey (19 December 2012). "Poverty-Stricken Equatorial Guinea Builds Expensive Capital City In The Middle Of Nowhere". International Business Times.
  10. "Constitution of the Principality". Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco. Principauté de Monaco. 17 December 1962. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  11. "Monaco". Britannica. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  12. "Nay Pyi Taw | national capital, Myanmar | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  13. "Countries With More Than One Capital City". WorldAtlas. 2022-10-30. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  14. "Mtskheta | Ancient Capital, UNESCO Site | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  15. "Georgia marks day of ancient capital Mtskheta, Svetitskhoveli UNESCO monument". Agenda.ge. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  16. "Constitution of Honduras" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2010-07-05. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-05. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
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