March 1923

The following events occurred in March 1923:

<< March 1923 >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
010203
04050607080910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
March 26, 1923: Beloved stage and film actress Sarah Bernhardt dies after 60-year career

March 1, 1923 (Thursday)
  • The Kingdom of Greece became one of the last remaining world nations to abandon the Julian calendar in favor of the Gregorian calendar, which was 13 days ahead of what had been used before. What would have been Thursday, February 16, 1923 on the Julian calendar became March the first.[1][2]
  • José Serrato was inaugurated as the President of Uruguay after winning the first popular election in the South American nation's history, held on November 26.[3]
  • France and Belgium decreed that they would impose the death penalty on anyone in occupied Germany sabotaging transport lines.[4]
  • Judgment was delivered in the Stopes v Sutherland libel trial in the High Court, London. The defendant, Dr Halliday Sutherland, successfully defeated the libel action brought by Marie Stopes.[5]
  • Pola Negri released a written statement saying she was breaking off her engagement to Charlie Chaplin. "I consider I am too poor to marry Charlie Chaplin", the statement read. "He needs to marry a wealthy woman, and he should have no difficulty in finding one in the United States – the richest and most beautiful country in the world."[6] She rescinded the statement the next day, announcing that "We have made up. I believe that it is what you call it here in America", she stated.[6]
  • Biddle University, a private university in Charlotte, North Carolina for African-American students, was officially renamed Johnson C. Smith University in honor of the late husband of the Biddle's largest benefactor, Jane Berry Smith.
  • Died: William Bourke Cockran, 69, Irish-born U.S. Congressman for New York who served more than 10 years between 1887 and the time of his death, died the day after being honored on his birthday after a speech in Congress. Cockran, who had been re-elected on four months earlier, died at his Washington home came three days before he was to be sworn in for a new term in the 68th U.S. Congress. Cockran suffered a stroke two hours after blowing out candles on his birthday cake and telling the distinguished guests, "I may tell you my wish. It is that I may live many years with my dear wife."[7]

March 2, 1923 (Friday)
  • Otto Blehr submitted his resignation as Prime Minister of Norway along with his entire cabinet.
  • French Army troops occupying Germany's Ruhr valley seized 232 locomotives and hundreds of freight train cars (and their cargoes) in early morning raids in the towns of cities of Dusseldorf, Hamborn, and Wanne, as collection for past due reparations.[8]
C. R. Forbes

March 3, 1923 (Saturday)
The first issue of TIME Magazine

March 4, 1923 (Sunday)

March 5, 1923 (Monday)
The first official state flag
  • The U.S. state of Washington adopted an official flag for the first time, more than 33 years after becoming the 42nd U.S. state in 1889. The banner consisted of the state seal being displayed against a dark green background. Prior to 1923, a blue flag with a gold profile of U.S. President Washington had been displayed unofficially.[22]
  • Harry F. Young, a former steeplejack who had used his skills from working high on buildings as a construction worker before making more money as one of several building climbers who billed themselves as "The Human Fly", fell to his death from New York's Martinique Hotel, when he slipped while doing stunt work to draw attention to Harold Lloyds new comedy, Safety Last!. Young reached the ledge of the 10th floor of the 12-story hotel but his foot slipped. "For an incredible moment," The New York Times reported, "Young seemed to stand in space, then his white form came crashing down onto a coping and went in a quick plunge to the sidewalk."[23]
  • Born:

March 6, 1923 (Tuesday)

March 7, 1923 (Wednesday)

March 8, 1923 (Thursday)
  • Aviation pioneer Lawrence Sperry, who had invented the autopilot and the artificial horizon for airplanes and founded the Sperry Aircraft Company, demonstrated to skeptics that refueling an airplane in flight would someday be possible. Sperry piloting a small Sperry Messenger, was able to fly in close enough proximity to a de Havilland airplane flown by Lieutenant Clyde Finter that the two planes touched eight times during the demonstration above the Mineola Airfield at Long Island. Both airplanes were flying at 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) as the contact was demonstrated.[33]
  • King George V and Queen Consort Elizabeth broke British tradition by having dinner at the home of one of their subjects, rather than hosting their guests. Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor of the House of Lords and his wife, U.S. native Nancy Astor of the House of Commons hosted their majesties in a meeting with various labour union executives in an affair that "was unique in British social history."[34]
  • The short comedy film The Love Nest starring Buster Keaton was released. It was the final short film of Keaton's silent-era career as he would concentrate on feature-length movies over the next decade.[35]
  • Born: Louk Hulsman, Dutch forensic scientist and criminologist; in Kerkrade (d. 2009)
  • Died: Johannes Diderik van der Waals, 85, Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize laureate

March 9, 1923 (Friday)
Lenin
  • Vladimir Lenin, General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and the de facto leader of the Soviet Union, suffered his third stroke in less than a year. Lenin had returned to work on October 3 with limited duties as permitted by his four physicians. The Communist Party newspaper Pravda informed the Russian public of the news on March 12, announcing "Lenin's health has markedly worsened. Symptoms of blood vessel rupture again appeared, causing certain interference with the power of movement of the right arm and leg.".[36]
  • A detective with the bomb squad of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) revealed that the squad's detectives had discovered that 30 NYPD uniformed policemen were members of the Ku Klux Klan.[37]
  • The first bill ever introduced by a woman in the British House of Commons was carried, 338 to 56. It was Lady Astor's bill forbidding the sale of alcohol for consumption on the premises to persons under 18 years of age. The previous law allowed sales of beer to 14-year-olds and spirits to those of 16.[38]
  • The largest meatpacking company in the United States, with half a billion dollars in assets, was created by the merger of Armour and Company with Morris & Company.[39]
  • A man from New York became the first person to jump from the Washington Monument to commit suicide. Albert B. Seip went to the observation room near the top of the monument, exited a window, and plunged 504 feet (154 m) to his death.[40]
  • Born:

March 10, 1923 (Saturday)

March 11, 1923 (Sunday)

March 12, 1923 (Monday)
Stulginskis[48]
De Forest watching and listening to a Phonofilm
  • American electronics engineer Lee de Forest held a press conference to demonstrate his new system of "talking movies", Phonofilm. The process recorded sound directly on to film so that what was seen and what was heard was simultaneously reproduced. De Forest announced that he would soon be releasing short Phonofilms to be played at New York's Rivoli Theater.[49]
  • Seven German civilians were killed and 13 wounded in Dusseldorf by French troops in the occupied Ruhr region following the March 10 murder of two French officials.[50]
Foster

March 13, 1923 (Tuesday)
  • French Minister of War André Maginot announced that another 15,000 troops would be sent into the Ruhr and Rhineland.[52]
  • The Soviet Union first publicized the recent stroke suffered by Vladimir Lenin but described his condition as "satisfactory".[53]
  • A $50,000 paternity suit was brought against Babe Ruth by a 19-year-old Manhattan woman.[54]

March 14, 1923 (Wednesday)

March 15, 1923 (Thursday)

March 16, 1923 (Friday)

March 17, 1923 (Saturday)
  • Irish boxer Mike McTigue dethroned the reigning world champion, Senegalese fighter Louis Mbarick Fall (who fought as "Battling Siki") to win boxing's World Light Heavyweight Championship by decision after a 20 round bout at La Scala Opera House in Dublin, Ireland. The police presence was heavy due to the bomb threat, and one exploded near the venue as the boxers were entering the ring. Two children were injured and nearby windows were blown out by the blast.[65][66]
  • The first airline of Soviet Russia, Dobrolet, a predecessor of Aeroflot, was formed by the government's amalgamation of several private air carriers with an initial investment of 500,000 gold rubles by the government.[67] It would inaugurate its first flight on July 15, 1923, between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod.
  • Police in Moscow arrested Soviet Russian serial killer Vasili Komaroff. The well-regarded horse trader confessed to murdering 33 people over the previous two years, in all cases men whom he had met at a market and then lured to his home on the pretext of inspecting a horse that Komaroff had for sale.[68] Komaroff would be executed on June 18.
Daugherty and Harding
  • U.S. Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty announced that President Warren G. Harding would run for re-election in 1924, barring unforeseen ill health.[69] Asked whether he believed that there would be any circumstances under which President Harding would decline to run in 1924, Daugherty told reporters "None, unless his health should fail him."[70] Daugherty's announcement surprised political observers for both its earliness and by the fact that Harding had made no comment. "Why the Attorney General should make the announcement at this time is a subject of comment here," a reporter wrote, adding "It is generally agreed that no Cabinet officer would make a statement so important, particularly one so initmately concerning the President, without the President's express authority."[71] President Harding, who had numerous health problems, died of a heart attack on August 2, 1923, less than five months after Daugherty's announcement.
  • Born:
  • Died:

March 18, 1923 (Sunday)
Mallory: "Because it's there."

March 19, 1923 (Monday)

March 20, 1923 (Tuesday)
  • The Air Force of El Salvador (Fuerza Aérea de El Salvador or FAS) was founded.
  • A representative for the German Ministry of Finance said that hyperinflation and the occupation of the Ruhr had made it impossible to manage the country's finances, with the budget for 1922–23 showing a deficit of 7.1 trillion (7,100,000,000,000) marks.[76]
  • The Soviet Union announced that it was sending 70,000 tons of grain to help workers in the Ruhr.[77]
  • Died:

March 21, 1923 (Wednesday)

March 22, 1923 (Thursday)

March 23, 1923 (Friday)

March 24, 1923 (Saturday)

March 25, 1923 (Sunday)
  • An all-day conference was held in Berlin among members of labour and socialist parties from Germany, England, France, Italy and Belgium searching for a solution to the reparations problem.[92]
  • The film Vanity Fair was released.
  • Born: Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist; in Fijnaart (d. 2003)
  • Died: Louis Burstein, 45, Russian-born American film producer known for King Bee Films releases of 180 short films and four full length dramas, including 1922's Forget Me Not, was killed along with one of the passengers in his car when he tried to outrace a train near Pomona, California.[93]

March 26, 1923 (Monday)
Sarah Bernhardt, three months before her death
  • Died: Sarah Bernhardt, 78, French stage and film actress, died in Paris, five days after she had collapsed at home while rehearsing for the filming of a Sacha Guitry movie, La Voyant.[96]

March 27, 1923 (Tuesday)
  • The new 1923 Constitution of Romania was approved by the Romanian Senate, 137 to 2, after having passed the Chamber of Deputies the day before, 247 to 8. It came into force two days later.
  • Gerald Chapman, called "The Gentleman Bandit" and known for his string of armed robberies with Dutch Anderson and Charles Loeber, escaped from Atlanta Federal Prison after sawing through the bars of his cell and escaping with forger Frank Grey.[97] Both were captured the next day and Chapman was wounded in the process.[98] Chapman escaped from the hospital on April 4 after surgery for bullet wounds in his arm and a kidney[99] and would commit more robberies over the next 18 months.
  • A semi-official statement was issued from the Vatican urging suspension of the sentences of the Catholic priests in the Soviet Union. A Soviet official had the executions postponed pending "special instructions".[100]
  • Born: Louis Simpson, Jamaican poet (d. 2012)
  • Died: Sir James Dewar, 80, Scottish chemist and physicist

March 28, 1923 (Wednesday)

March 29, 1923 (Thursday)

March 30, 1923 (Friday)
  • Benito Mussolini made a famous speech on Italian emigration, declaring that, "For better or for worse, emigration is a physiological necessity of the Italian people. We are forty million people enclosed in our narrow peninsula that has too many mountains, a land that cannot feed everyone." The speech was a defining moment of Mussolini's early premiership as he spun a negative trend into a positive one and offered a justification for expansionism.[106]
  • Born: Milton Acorn, Canadian poet and writer; in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (d. 1986)

March 31, 1923 (Saturday)
  • Eleven employees of Germany's Krupp automobile factory in Essen were killed when French forces opened fire on the passively resisting workers. Two more later died in the hospital.[107][108][109]
  • The Ottawa Senators defeated the Edmonton Eskimos 1-0 to win the Stanley Cup of hockey, two games to none. King Clancy made history when he became the first player to play all six positions in a game, including two minutes as goaltender while Clint Benedict served a penalty.[110]
  • America's first dance marathon ended at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City. At 9:57 p.m., Alma Cummings completed twenty-seven consecutive hours of dancing, having worn out six different male dance partners. The event attracted a great deal of publicity, and dance marathons became a huge fad over the next few months, remaining popular throughout the 1920s and '30s.[111][112]
  • The British Foreign Office announced the release of Egyptian independence activist Saad Zaghloul from exile in Gibraltar, 15 months after his deportation to the island of Malta, followed by further exile on the Seychelles Islands in the South Pacific Ocean.[113]
  • Marina Vega, a deranged fan of film comedian Charlie Chaplin, appeared again at the door of his home, lying down in his driveway after throwing red roses on it. Chaplin's valet thought Vega had shot herself when she mistook an oil-stain on the driveway for blood, and Vega was rushed into the kitchen where she said she had taken poison. An ambulance took her to the hospital where she was treated and released; it was unclear whether Vega had actually poisoned herself.[105]
  • Russian gunboats seized a British trawler near Murmansk.[114]
  • The government of Turkey pardoned the remaining officers and enlisted men who had been convicted in court-martial proceedings within the Ottoman Empire in 1919 and 1920, and released those who were still in prison.[115]
  • Born: Shoshana Damari, Yemeni singer; in Dhamar (d. 2006)
Father Budkevich
  • Died: Konstantin Budkevich, 55, Latvian Roman Catholic priest, was executed at Butyrka prison in the Soviet Union, less than three weeks after his March 13 arrest for "anti-Soviet agitation" after passive resistance to the anti-religious campaign conducted by the nation's Communist government.[116] The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party had decided on March 29 to commute the death penalty of other convicted priests after appeals from other nations, but declined an offer from Poland to exchange prisoners from the Soviet Union in exchange for Budkevich.[117][118]

References
  1. "Greeks Will Adopt Gregorian Calendar After March First", Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press, February 5, 1923, p. 4
  2. "Change of Greek Calendar to End 'Double Living'", Houston Post, March 11, 1923, p. 16
  3. "Uruguay Inducts President; Jose Serrato to Take Helm of Government for Next Four Years", Philadelphia Inquirer, March 1, 1923, p. 10
  4. Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  5. Box, Muriel (1967). The Trial of Marie Stopes. London: Femina Books Ltd. p. 380.
  6. "Jilts Chaplin; Then They Make Up". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 2, 1923. p. 1.
  7. "W. Bourke Cochran Dies After Oration— Stricken at 69th Birthday Celebration Following Speech in House; Last Wish Unfulfilled", The New York Times, March 3, 1923, p. 5
  8. "French Confiscate Ruhr Rolling Stock; 233 Locomotives and Large Number of Cars Now Held by the Troops", The New York Times, March 3, 1923, p. 3
  9. Dean, John W. (2004). Warren G. Harding: The American Presidents Series: The 29th President, 1921–1923. New York: Times Books. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-1-4299-9751-5.
  10. "Senate Balks World Court Move, 49—24; Only 1 Republican Backs Democrat's Plan to Give What Harding Asked", The New York Times, March 4, 1923, p. 1
  11. "Five More Towns Along the Rhine Occupied by French— Troops Seize Darmstadt Rail Yards and Enter Mannheim and Port of Karlsruhe", The New York Times, March 4, 1923, p. 1
  12. "Poisoned Rice Kills 22; Five Cooks Who Prepared Hangchow Banquet Are Arrested", The New York Times, March 14, 1923, p. 2
  13. Tumarkin, Nina (1997). Lenin Lives! The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 305. ISBN 0-674-52431-4.
  14. Sakwa, Richard (1999). The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union. London: Routledge. pp. 147–150. ISBN 978-1-134-80602-7.
  15. "He's Senator Now", San Angelo (Texas) Evening Standard, December 4, 1923, p. 1
  16. Jewell, Elizabeth (2007). U.S. Presidents Factbook. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-72288-2.
  18. "1915-1923".
  19. "Washington girls have organized to protect selves from unwelcome advances". Lowell Sun. March 6, 1923.
  20. "Red Menace". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 6, 1923. p. 12.
  21. Igor Sikorsky, The Story of the Winged-S New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1944) p. 160
  22. Randy Howe, Flags of the Fifty States: Their Colorful Histories and Significance (Lyons Press, 2009) p. 168
  23. "'Human Fly' Falls 10 Stories to Death— Harry F. Young, Scaling Martinique Hotel for a Movie Film, Misses His Grip; Thousands See Plunge", The New York Times, March 6, 1923, p. 1
  24. Mariz Tadros (18–24 March 1999). "Unity in diversity". Al Ahram Weekly (421). Archived from the original on 30 May 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  25. Earl L. Sullivan (1 January 1986). Women in Egyptian Public Life. Syracuse University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-8156-2354-0. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  26. Nadje S. Al Ali. "Women's Movements in the Middle East: Case Studies of Egypt and Turkey" (Report). SOAS. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  27. "Canada Signs Pact with U.S. as Free Nation". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 7, 1923. p. 1.
  28. BBC Scotland history
  29. Clayton, John (March 7, 1923). "Berlin Ready to Act Through Third Nation". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  30. "Bonar Law Sees War if British Hinder France". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 7, 1923. p. 1.
  31. Tom Doyle, The Civil War in Kerry (Mercier Press, 2008) pp. 272–274
  32. Fendrick, Raymond (March 8, 1923). ""Heinrich" Ford Idol of Bavaria Fascisti Chief". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
  33. "Planes Prove Theory of Refueling in Air; Make Contact 8 Times at 65-Mile Speed", The New York Times, March 9, 1923, p. 1
  34. Lady Astor Dines King and Labor Members; Makes Sport of Latter in Knee Breeches", The New York Times, March 9, 1923, p. 1
  35. Neibaur, James L.; Niemi, Terri (2013). Buster Keaton's Silent Shorts, 1920–1923. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. p. 219 and 231. ISBN 978-0-8108-8740-4.
  36. "Lenin Suffers a Stroke, Condition Is Serious; Announcement Causes a Sensation in Moscow", by Walter Duranty, The New York Times, March 14, 1923, p. 1
  37. "Say 30 Policemen Belong to Ku Klux— Detectives of Bomb Squad Investigate Report That Associates Are in the Klan", The New York Times, March 10, 1923, p. 13
  38. "Lady Astor Wins Big Parliament Vote in Rum Law". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 10, 1923. p. 3.
  39. "Armour and Morris Complete Merger; New York and Chicago Bankers Close Deal by Setting a Value on Armour Stock Exchanged", The New York Times, March 10, 1923, p. 1
  40. "Youth Leaps from Washington Shaft; Albert B. Seip of Washington, Formerly in a Sanitarium, Plunges 504 Feet to Death; Every Bone in His Body Broken— Scientists Figure he Hit With Impact of 300,000 Foot-Tons", The New York Times, March 10, 1923, p. 1
  41. "James L. Buckley, Conservative Senator in Liberal New York, Dies at 100". 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  42. "150 Lives Lost in Fierce Storm— Greek Transport Carrying Troops on Leave Capsized and Explosion Followed", Montreal Gazette, March 12, 1923, p. 1
  43. Williams, Paul (March 12, 1923). "Army Officer and Rail Chief Assassinated". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  44. Steele, John (March 12, 1923). "Nab 100 Irish in Britain as Rebel's Aids". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  45. Thomas P. Grazulis, F5-F6 Tornadoes (The Tornado Project, 2001)
  46. "US F4, F5 Tornadoes Since 1900", CastorWeather.com 2007), preserved on The Wayback Machine
  47. Euro Championship 1923
  48. attribution: National Museum of Lithuania
  49. "De Forest Shows His 'Talking' Movies— Sounds of Music Are Synchronized With a Film Showing the Players", The New York Times, March 13, 1923, p. 12
  50. Williams, Paul (March 13, 1923). "7 Killed and 13 Wounded; Ruhr Anger Flames". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
  51. Clayton, John (March 14, 1923). "War to Death in Ruhr Looms, Germans Warn". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  52. "Russia Admits Premier Lenin is Gravely Ill". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 13, 1923. p. 3.
  53. Maeder, Jay (February 28, 2000). "A Little Bit Famous – The House that Ruth built, March-April 1923, CHAPTER 21". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  54. "Language legislation", in Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto Press, 1993)
  55. "Chronicle: A Political Chronicle of Poland", in The Slavonic Review, Volume 2 (University of London, 1923-24) p. 169
  56. "Winifred and Sheik Rewed at Crown Point". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 15, 1923. p. 3.
  57. "Hooper, Albert W. "Bert"". The History of Canadian Broadcasting. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  58. Clayton, John (March 16, 1923). "Berlin Offers $10,000,000,000 to Free Ruhr". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  59. "Tennis Federation Bans World Titles", The New York Times, March 17, 1923, p. 10
  60. "World Tennis Body Adopts Suggestion Made by U.S.", The New York Times, March 16, 1923, p. 13
  61. "U.S.L.T.A. to Enter World Federation— Executive Committee Votes to Apply for Membership in International Body", The New York Times, March 18, 1923, p. 2-1
  62. Curran, Hugh (March 17, 1923). "Dublin Under Arms; Protect M'Tigue, Siki". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  63. Holston, Kim R. (2013). Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7864-6062-5.
  64. Hannigan, Dave (31 March 2012). The Big Fight: Muhammad Ali vs Al "Blue" Lewis. Random House Books. ISBN 978-1-4464-4870-0.
  65. Curran, Hugh (March 18, 1923). "McTigue Beats Siki for Title in Tame Fight". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. Part 2 p. 1.
  66. "Foreign Countries: Soviet Russia", in "Annual Report on the Progress of Civil Aviation (April 1st, 1923—March 31st, 1924" (Air Ministry Directorate of Civil Aviation, 1923) p. 48
  67. "Slayer of 33 Men Faces Moscow Trial— Komaroff, Horse Dealer, Known as "Human Wolf," Has Confessed to Killings", The New York Times, May 27, 1923, p. 3
  68. "Harding's Hat Again in Ring". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 18, 1923. p. 1.
  69. "Harding Will Run, Nation Wants Him, Says Daugherty", The New York Times, March 18, 1923, p. 1
  70. "Harding Candidacy Sidetracks Rivals; Daugherty's Announcement Surprising to Politicians in Coming So Soon", The New York Times, March 19, 1923, p. 1
  71. "Climbing Mount Everest Is Work for Supermen; A Member of Former Expeditions Tells of the Difficulties Involved in Reaching the Top — Hope of Winning in 1924 by Establishment of Base Camps on a Higher Level", The New York Times, March 18, 1923, p. 7-1
  72. Killilea, Alfred G.; Lynch, Dylan D. (2013). Confronting Death: College Students on the Community of Mortals. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse. p. 250. ISBN 978-1-4759-6978-8.
  73. Dieter Nohlen, Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Klaus Landfried (1969) Die Wahl der Parlamente und andere Staatsorgane, Walter de Gruyter, p783
  74. "Finder of Tut's Tomb Poisoned by Insect Bite". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 20, 1923. p. 2.
  75. "Germany Calls Its Finances Hopeless; Budget in Trillions". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 21, 1923. p. 6.
  76. "Russia Sends 70,000 Tons of Grain to Help Ruhr". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 21, 1923. p. 6.
  77. Pipes, Richard (1995). Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime. Vintage Books. pp. 366–367. ISBN 978-0-679-76184-6.
  78. "Greater London— Report of Royal Commission", The Times (London), March 22, 1923, p. 9
  79. "Skippy Joins Picket Line", by Ray Coll, Jr., Honolulu Advertiser, January 25, 1946, p. 16
  80. Allan Holtz, American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide (University of Michigan Press, 2012) p. 354
  81. "Milo D. Campbell, New Reserve Board Member, Drops Dead While Playing Golf at Capital", The New York Times, March 19, 1923, p. 1
  82. Lampe, John R. (2000) [1996], Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country (II ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 156, ISBN 0-521-77357-1, Treaty of Niš signed in 1923
  83. Szymon Rudnicki, Żydzi w parlamencie II Rzeczypospolitej (Jews in the Parliament of the Second Polish Republic), Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, 2015, pp. 70–71
  84. Ian Buxton, Cutty Sark: The Making of a Whisky Brand (Birlinn Ltd., 2011)
  85. "The Grand National". The Times. No. 43298. London. 24 March 1922. p. 5.
  86. "Hovhannes Tumanyan Biography", ArmenianHouse.org
  87. "Significant Earthquake Information", United States Geological Survey
  88. "Russia Demands Death Penalty for Archbishop". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 26, 1923. p. 14.
  89. "College Burns Down, Incendiary Suspected— Students of Catholic Institution in Greendale, Mass., Escape in Their Night Clothes, The New York Times, March 25, 1923, p. 1
  90. Clayton, John (March 25, 1923). "Berlin Guards Doubled; Fear Fascisti Coup". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
  91. Clayton, John (March 26, 1923). "Labor-Socialist Conference Has Ruhr Solution". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
  92. "Film Magnate and Horseman Killed in Auto Crash", The Los Angeles Times, March 26, 1923, p. 1
  93. "Death Sentence for Archbishop". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 27, 1923. p. 1.
  94. "Big Farm Strike of 20,000 Grips English County". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 27, 1923. p. 2.
  95. "Bernhardt Dies in Her Son's Arms in Paris— 'Greatest Actress' to Have a State Funeral— Flowers Cover Her Deathbed", The New York Times, March 27, 1923, p. 1
  96. "$1,000,000 Holdup Chief Saws Way out of Atlanta", Brooklyn (NY) Daily Eagle, March 27, 1923, p. 1
  97. "Recapture Man Who Robbed Randolph Bank", Boston Globe, March 28, 1923, p. 1
  98. "Gerald Chapman, 'Million Dollar' Mail Bandit, in Sensational Escape from Athens Hospital— Wounded Convict Uses Two Sheets in Place of Rope", Atlanta Constitution, April 5, 1923, p. 1
  99. "Set Execution of Rome Bishop for Tomorrow". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 28, 1923. p. 2.
  100. Pauletti, Ciro (2008). A Military History of Italy. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-275-98505-9.
  101. "Douglas Mawson Inquiry". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 23, 998. Victoria, Australia. 6 July 1923. p. 18. Retrieved 13 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  102. Wales, Henry (March 30, 1923). "French Nation Weeps at Divine Sarah's Funeral". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 6.
  103. Kinsley, Philip (March 30, 1923). "Foster's Goal to Win Union Labor into His 'League'". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  104. Ellenberger, Allan (July 22, 2009). "Chaplin and 'Mad Josefina'". Hollywoodland. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  105. Aliano, David (2012). Mussolini's National Project in Argentina. Plymouth: Farleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 25, 27–28. ISBN 978-1-61147-577-7.
  106. "K-297 The Rutli Oath". KarlGoetz.com. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  107. "French Kill 6 Men, Wound 30 Others in Fight at Krupps", The New York Times, April 1, 1923, p. 1
  108. "Krupp Dead Buried with Pomp in Essen; 70,000 Workers Form 5-Mile Lane of Honor From Factory to Cemetery," The New York Times, April 11, 1923, p. 4
  109. Forrester, Wade (March 31, 2013). "March 31, 1923: King Clancy Plays Every Position". On This Day in Sports. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  110. Martin, Carol. "Reality Dance / American Dance Marathons." Ballroom, Boogie, Shimmy Sham, Shake: A Social and Popular Dance Reader. Ed. Julie Malnig. University of Illinois, 2009. p. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-252-07565-0.
  111. Martin, Carol J. (1994). Dance Marathons: Performing American Culture of the 1920s and 1930s. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-768-4.
  112. "British Decide to Fre Saad Zaghlul Pasha; Ill Health of Egyptian Agitator Caused Anxiety Lest He Might Die in Captivity", The New York Times, March 31, 1923, p. 2
  113. Steele, John (April 4, 1923). "Gunboats of Russia Seize British Ship". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  114. Huberta von Voss, Portraits of Hope : Armenians in the Contemporary World (Berghahn Books, 2007) p. 320
  115. "Fr. Constantine Budkiewicz", Catholic Newmartyrs of Russia website
  116. "Prison for Zepliak, But Vicar Must Die, Soviet Chiefs Rule— Clemency Is Refused to Butchkavitch as Having Aided an Enemy in War", The New York Times, March 31, 1923, p. 1
  117. "Shot Vicar General in Back of the Head; Soviet Authorities Took Him to Cellar and Made Him Stand in Front of the Executioner", The New York Times, April 5, 1923, p. 1
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.