Military Regional Command

The Armed Forces' military regions are known as Kodam. Their organization was established by General Sudirman, following the model of the German Wehrkreise system. The system was later codified in Strategy Order No.1 (Surat Perintah Siasat No.1), signed by General Sudirman in November 1948.[1]

The Army's structure underwent various reorganisations throughout its early years. From 1946 to 1952, the Army was organized into combined arms divisions. These were consolidated in 1951, and then dissolved in 1952. From 1952 to 1958–59, the Army was organised into seven Territorial Armies (Tentara & Teritorium) composed of regiments and independent formations at battalion level and below. In August 1958, the Indonesian Army reconsolidated its territorial organization. This created sixteen regional commands, which retained earlier divisional titles; the Siliwangi Division, for example, became Kodam VI/Siliwangi.[2] The Kodam were subdivided administratively into Areas (the former territorial regiments), Districts (the former regimental battalions) and District Sectors, and operationally composed of a number of speciality battalions and in some regional commands, an infantry brigade.

A reorganisation in 1985 made significant changes in the army chain of command. The four multiservice Regional Defence Commands (Kowilhan) and the National Strategic Forces Command (Kostranas) were eliminated from the defence structure, re-establishing the Military Regional Commands (Kodam) as the key organisation for strategic, tactical, and territorial operations for all services. The 16 regions were reduced to just 10.[3] The chain of command flowed directly from the ABRI commander via the Chief of Staff of the Army to the ten territorial commanders, and then to subordinate army territorial commands. In 1999, the number of regions grew to 10, and today, there are around 15 in active operation.

The territorial commands incorporate provincial and district commands each with infantry battalions, sometimes a cavalry battalion, artillery, or engineers. The number of activated infantry brigades is increasing.[4] Some have Raider battalions attached.

Each Regional Command (Kodam) is led by a major general, assisted by a chief of staff who holds the rank of brigadier general. Kodams oversee several territorial formations under its command, which are:

• Korem or Komando Resor Militer also known as Military Subarea Command is a territorial army office covering large areas or residencies. They are further divided into two types which are type "A" and type "B". They are commanded by a brigadier general for type "A" and a colonel for type "B" respectively. It is below the Kodam and oversee several Kodims
• Kodim or Komando Distrik Militer also known as Military District Command is a territorial army office covering a City or Regency level. They are further divided into three types which are "independent", type "A" and type "B". They are commanded by a Colonel (for Independent and type "A"), and a Lieutenant Colonel for type "B" respectively. It is below the Korem and oversee several Koramils.
• Koramil or Komando Rayon Militer also known as Military Subdistrict Command is a territorial army office covering a district (kecamatan, distrik, kapanewon and kemantren). They are further divided into two types, "A" and "B", commanded by a Major for type "A" and a Captain for type "B" respectively. It is below the Kodim and oversee several Babinsa officers.
  • Babinsa or Bintara Pembina Desa also known as Village Management Senior NCO is a senior army Non-commissioned Officer (usually holding the rank of Sergeant Major) or a senior Enlisted rank personnel (usually holding the rank of Master corporal) who is in charge for carrying out territorial development and monitoring duties for a community in the village/Kelurahan level.

In addition, each of the Kodams own a Regional Training Regiment (known as Resimen Induk Kodam or Rindam) which is responsible for the training and education of enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers in their territory.

The office of the Regional Commander is assisted by the following territorial departments:

• Office of the Regional Inspector General (Itdam)
• Office of the Regional Secretariat (Setumdam)
• Regional Military Police Command (Pomdam) – responsible for military law enforcement in the territory
• Regional Public Affairs and Press Office (Pendam) – responsible for public affairs, media and civil-military relations
• Office of the Regional Adjutant General (Ajendam)
• Regional Military Physical Fitness and Sports Office (Jasdam) – responsible for physical fitness and sports affairs
• Regional Medical Department (Kesdam) – responsible for medical affairs
• Regional Veterans and National Reserves Administration (Babiminvetcadam) – responsible for military reserves formation and veterans' affairs
• Regional Topography Service (Topdam)
• Regional Chaplaincy Corps (Bintaldam) – chaplaincy service for personnel who are Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucianists
• Regional Finance Office (Kudam) – responsible for financial activities
• Regional Legal Affairs Office (Kumdam)
• Regional HQ and HQ Services Detachment (Detasemen Makodam)
• Regional C3 Unit (Puskodalops Kodam)
• Regional Information and Communications Technology Office (Infolahtadam)
• Regional Logistics and Transportation Division (Bekangdam)
• Regional Signals Division (Hubdam)
• Regional Ordnance Department (Paldam)
• Regional Engineering Division (Zidam)
• Regional Cyber Operations Service (Sandidam)
• Regional Intelligence Command (Deninteldam)
• Liaison offices of the Navy and Air Force formations in each Military Region

Operationally, each "Kodam" is organized as a territorial infantry division which oversee several Subordinate combat units:

• Infantry Brigade
• directly reporting independent Infantry battalions (including Raider Infantry)
• independent Infantry battalions which are under the Military Area Command or "Korem"
• Cavalry Squadron and/or Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Separate)
• Field Artillery Battalion/s
• Air Defense Artillery Battalions/Detachments
• Combat Engineers Battalion/s
• Construction Engineers Battalions/Detachments

The following is a list of Military Regional Commands in Indonesia:

No	Name	Coat of arms	Defence area	Headquarters	Commander	Official website
1.	I Military Regional Command/Bukit Barisan		North Sumatra  West Sumatra  Riau  Riau Islands	Medan	Major General M. Hasan Hasibuan	kodam1-bukitbarisan.mil.id
2.	II Military Regional Command/Sriwijaya		Jambi  Bengkulu  South Sumatra  Bangka Belitung Islands  Lampung	Palembang	Major General Yanuar Adil	kodam-ii-sriwijaya.mil.id
3.	III Military Regional Command/Siliwangi		Banten  West Java	Bandung	Major General Erwin Djatniko	siliwangi.mil.id
4.	IV Military Regional Command/Diponegoro		Central Java  Special Region of Yogyakarta	Semarang	Major General Widi Prasetijono	kodam4.mil.id
5.	V Military Regional Command/Brawijaya		East Java	Surabaya	Major General Farid Makruf	kodam5-brawijaya.com
6.	VI Military Regional Command/Mulawarman		South Kalimantan  East Kalimantan  North Kalimantan	Balikpapan	Major General Tri Budi Utomo	kodam-mulawarman.mil.id
7.	IX Military Regional Command/Udayana		Bali  West Nusa Tenggara  East Nusa Tenggara	Denpasar	Major General Harfendi	kodam-udayana.mil.id
8.	XII Military Regional Command/Tanjungpura		West Kalimantan  Central Kalimantan	Kubu Raya	Major General Iwan Setiawan	kodamtanjungpura-tniad.mil.id
9.	XIII Military Regional Command/Merdeka		North Sulawesi  Gorontalo  Central Sulawesi	Manado	Major General Legowo W.R. Jatmiko	kodam13-tniad.mil.id
10.	XIV Military Regional Command/Hasanuddin		West Sulawesi  South Sulawesi  Southeast Sulawesi	Makassar	Major General Totok Imam Santoso	kodam14hasanuddin-tniad.mil.id
11.	XVI Military Regional Command/Pattimura		North Maluku  Maluku	Ambon	Major General Syafrial	kodam16pattimura.mil.id
12.	XVII Military Regional Command/Cenderawasih		Central Papua  Papua  Highland Papua  South Papua	Jayapura	Major General Izak Pangemanan	kodam17cenderawasih-tniad.mil.id
13.	XVIII Military Regional Command/Kasuari		Southwest Papua  West Papua	Manokwari	Major General Ilyas Alamsyah Harahap	kasuari18-tniad.mil.id
14.	Military Regional Command Jayakarta		Jakarta	East Jakarta	Major General Mohamad Hasan	kodamjaya-tniad.mil.id
15.	Military Regional Command Iskandar Muda		Aceh	Banda Aceh	Major General Novi Helmy Prasetya	kodamim-tniad.mil.id

Former Military Regional Commands

No	Name	Coat of arms	Headquarters	Formed	Disbanded
1.	III Military Regional Command/17 Agustus		Padang	17 April 1959[5]	26 January1985[6]
2.	X Military Regional Command/Lambung Mangkurat		Banjarmasin	17 July 1958[7]	1 May1985[8]
3.	XI Military Regional Command/Tambun Bungai		Palangka Raya	17 July 1958[9]	18 March 1974[10]