Murcia

The territory has been inhabited by humans since prehistory. People also lived in the current municipality during the Bronze and Iron Ages. During the late Chalcolithic and the Bronze Age, the occupancy of part of the current municipality was performed by the Argaric people. During the late Bronze Age and the Iron Age, the people who inhabited the current municipality were the Iberians. A remarkable site is a religious building, whose name is the De la Luz Iberian Sanctuary.[11] There are traces of people presence during the Roman rule in the Iberian Peninsula era. A construction of the late Roman period in the Iberian Peninsula is a fortress, Castillo de los Garres, located in the south of the northern half of the municipality.[12]

Statue of Abd ar-Rahman II in Murcia

It is widely believed that Murcia's name is derived from the Latin word myrtea or murtea, meaning land of the myrtle (the plant is known to grow in the general area),[13] although it may also be a derivation of the word Murtia, which would mean Murtius Village (Murtius was a common Roman name). Other research suggests that it may owe its name to the Latin Murtae (Mulberry), which covered the regional landscape for many centuries. The Latin name eventually changed into the Arabic Mursiya, and then, Murcia.

The city in its present location was founded with the name Madinat Mursiyah (مدينة مرسية 'city of Murcia') in AD 825 by Abd ar-Rahman II, who was then the emir of Córdoba.[14] Umayyad planners, taking advantage of the course of the river Segura, created a complex network of irrigation channels that made the town's agricultural existence prosperous. In the 12th century the traveller and writer Muhammad al-Idrisi described the city of Murcia as populous and strongly fortified. After the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031, Murcia passed under the successive rules of the powers seated variously at Almería and Toledo, but finally became capital of its own kingdom with Ibn Tahir (أبو عبد الرحمن بن طاهر).[14] After the fall of the Almoravide empire, Ibn Mardanis made Murcia the capital of a new independent kingdom. At this time, Murcia was a very prosperous city, famous for its ceramics, exported to Italian towns, as well as for silk and paper industries, the first in Europe. The coinage of Murcia was considered as model in all the continent. The mystic Ibn Arabi (1165–1240)[15] and the poet Ibn al-Jinan (d.1214) were born in Murcia during this period.

The 13th-century archaeological site of San Esteban

In 1172 Murcia was conquered by the north African Almohades, the last Muslim empire to rule southern Spain,[14] and as the forces of the Christian Reconquista gained the upper hand, was the capital of a small Muslim emirate from 1223 to 1243. By the treaty of Alcaraz, in 1243, the Christian king Ferdinand III of Castile made Murcia a protectorate, getting access to the Mediterranean sea while Murcia was protected against Granada and Aragon.[14] The Christian population of the town became the majority as immigrants poured in from almost all parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Christian immigration was encouraged with the goal of establishing a loyal Christian base. These measures led to the Muslim popular revolt in 1264, which was quelled by James I of Aragon in 1266, conquering Murcia and bringing Aragonese and Catalan immigrants with him.

Entrance of James I of Aragon at Murcia in 1266

After this, during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile, Murcia was one of his capitals with Toledo and Seville.

The Murcian duality: Catalan population in a Castillian territory, brought the subsequent conquest of the city by James II of Aragon in 1296. In 1304, Murcia was finally incorporated into Castile under the Treaty of Torrellas.[16]

Murcia Cathedral of Santa Maria completed in 1465, with facade and tower from 18th century

Murcia's prosperity declined as the Mediterranean lost trade to the ocean routes and from the wars between the Christians and the Ottoman Empire. The old prosperity of Murcia became crises during 14th century because of its border location with the neighbouring Muslim kingdom of Granada, but flourished after its conquest in 1492 and again in the 18th century, benefiting greatly from a boom in the silk industry.[17] Most of the modern city's landmark churches, monuments and old architecture date from this period. In this century, Murcia lived an important role in Bourbon victory in the War of the Spanish Succession, thanks to Cardinal Belluga. In 1810, Murcia was looted by Napoleonic troops; it then suffered a major earthquake in 1829. According to contemporaneous accounts, an estimated 6,000 people died from the disaster's effects across the province. Plague and cholera followed.

Murcia Flood in 1879

The town and surrounding area suffered badly from floods in 1651, 1879, 1946 and 1948, though the construction of a levee helped to stave off the repeated floods from the Segura.[17][18] A popular pedestrian walkway, the Malecon, runs along the top of the levee.[19]

Murcia has been the capital of the province of Murcia since 1833[20][21] and, with its creation by the central government in 1982, capital of the autonomous community (which includes only the city and the province). Since then, it has become the seventh most populated municipality in Spain, and a thriving services city.

The 5.1 M_w Lorca earthquake shook the Region of Murcia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII ('Very strong') on 11 May 2011. Nine people were killed and over 400 were injured.

Murcia is located near the center of a low-lying fertile plain known as the huerta (orchard or vineyard) of Murcia. The Segura River and its right-hand tributary, the Guadalentín, run through the area. The city has an elevation of 43 metres (141 ft) above sea level and its municipality covers approximately 882 square kilometres (341 sq mi).[22]

The best known and most dominant aspect of the municipal area's landscape is the orchard.[23] In addition to the orchard and urban zones, the great expanse of the municipal area is made up of different landscapes: badlands, groves of Carrasco pine trees in the precoastal mountain ranges and, towards the south, a semi-steppe region. A large natural park, the Parque Regional de Carrascoy y el Valle, lies just to the south of the city.[24]

Segura River

The Segura River crosses an alluvial plain (Vega Media del Segura), part of a Mediterranean pluvial system. The river crosses the city from west to east. Its volumetric flow is mostly small but the river is known to produce occasional flooding, like the times when the capital was inundated, in 1946, 1948, 1973 and 1989.[25][26]

Murcia is located in the Segura valley

Districts

Main article: Districts of Murcia

Map with the district demarcation and the main town highlighted

The 881.86-square-kilometre (340.49 sq mi) territory of Murcia's municipality is made up of 54 pedanías (suburban districts) and 28 barrios (city neighbourhood districts).[32] The barrios make up the 12.86-square-kilometre (4.97 sq mi) the main urban portion of the city. The historic city center is approximately 3 square kilometres (1 sq mi) of the urbanised downtown portion of Murcia.

District	Population (2021)[33]
La Albatalía	2,122
La Alberca	12,998
Algezares	5,717
Aljucer	7,761
Alquerías	6,286
La Arboleja	2,111
Baños y Mendigo	847
Barqueros	1,040
Beniaján	11,373
Cabezo de Torres	13,560
Cañada Hermosa	189
Cañadas de San Pedro	371
Carrascoy	104
Casillas	4,995
Churra	8,731
Cobatillas	2,701
Corvera	2,808
Los Dolores	5,189
Era Alta	3,251
El Esparragal	7,920
Garres y Lages	7,673
Gea y Truyols	1,251
Guadalupe	7,344
Javalí Nuevo	3,223
Javalí Viejo	2,292
Jerónimo y Avileses y Balsicas de Arriba	1,787
Lobosillo	1,893
Llano de Brujas	5,639

Los Martínez del Puerto	810
Monteagudo	4,036
Nonduermas	2,496
La Ñora	5,099
El Palmar	24,163
Puebla de Soto	1,836
Puente Tocinos	16,811
El Puntal	7,201
El Raal	6,385
Los Ramos	3,473
La Raya	2,255
Rincón Beniscornia	980
Rincón de Seca	2,251
San Benito	14,609
San Ginés	2,798
San José de la Vega	5,019
Sangonera la Seca	5,773
Sangonera la Verde	12,040
Santa Cruz	2,633
Santiago y Zaraiche	11,044
Santo Ángel	6,374
Sucina	2,314
Torreagüera	9,305
Valladolises y Lo Jurado	790
Zarandona	7,020
Zeneta	1,847
Murcia (town centre)	169,631
Total	460,349

Murcia town hall

Murcia has 460,349 inhabitants (INE 2021) making it the seventh-largest Spanish municipality by population. When adding in the municipalities of Alcantarilla, Alguazas, Beniel, Molina de Segura, Santomera, and Las Torres de Cotillas, the metropolitan area has 672,773 inhabitants making it the twelfth most populous metropolitan area in Spain. Nevertheless, due to Murcia's large municipal territory, its population density (547 inhabitants/km², 760 hab./sq.mi.) does not likewise rank among Spain's highest.[9][3]

According to the official population data of the INE, 12.52% of the population of the municipality reported belonging to a foreign nationality – 3.22% from other countries of Europe, 5.01% Africans, 3.68% Americans and 0.61% Asians as of 2021.[44]

The majority of the population identify as Christian. There is also a big atheist community.

Murcia is one of the communities with the largest Romani population in Spain.[45]

The table below shows the population trends of the municipality from the late 19th century to the 21st century by the beginning of their decades.[46][9]

Demographic evolution of Murcia from 1842 to 2021

Reference: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)[9]

Arabic architecture of the Alcázar Seguir in Santa Clara Museum inside of Monasterio de Santa Clara la Real, constructed by Banu Hud in the 13th century.[47]

The Cathedral of Murcia was built between 1394 and 1465 in the Castilian Gothic style. Its tower was completed in 1792 and shows a blend of architectural styles. The first two stories were built in the Renaissance style (1521–1546), while the third is Baroque. The bell pavilion exhibits both Rococo and Neoclassical influences. The main façade (1736–1754) is considered a masterpiece of the Spanish Baroque style.[48]

Trapería Street in the old town

Murcia's oldest bridge, the Puente de los Peligros

Other buildings in the square shared by the cathedral (Plaza Cardinal Belluga) are the colorful 'Bishop's Palace' (18th century) and a controversial extension to the town hall by Rafael Moneo (built in 1999).[49]

The Glorieta, which lies on the banks of the Segura River, has traditionally been the center of the town. It is a landscaped city square that was constructed during the 18th century.[50] The ayuntamiento (city hall) of Murcia is located in this square.[51][52]

Pedestrian areas cover most of the old town of the city, which is centered around Platería and Trapería Streets. Trapería goes from the cathedral to the Plaza de Santo Domingo, formerly a bustling market square. Located in Trapería is the Casino, a social club erected in 1847, with a sumptuous interior that includes a Moorish-style patio inspired by the royal chambers of the Alhambra near Granada. The name Platería refers to plata (silver), as this street was the historical focus for the commerce of rare metals by Murcia's Jewish community. The other street, Trapería, refers to trapos, or cloths, as this was once the focus for the Jewish community's garment trade.

Several bridges of different styles span the river Segura, from the Puente de los Peligros, an 18th century stone bridge with a Lady chapel on one of its sides;[53] to modern bridges designed by Santiago Calatrava or Javier Manterola; through others such as the Puente Nuevo (new bridge), an iron bridge of the early 20th century.[54]

Castillo de Monteagudo

Other places around Murcia include:[55][56]

• Santa Clara monastery, a Gothic and Baroque monument[57] where a museum with the Moorish palace's remains from the 13th century is locared,[58] called Alcázar Seguir.[59]
• The Malecón boulevard, a former retaining wall for the Río Segura's floods.[60]
• Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Fuensanta, Algezares (1694), 17th century sanctuary and adjacent El Valle regional park: The construction began in 1694 and its architectural style is baroque with Murcian regional features.[61][62]
• Los Jerónimos monastery (18th century). It was built during the first half of the century and is located in Guadalupe district, in the northwest quadrant of Murcia.[63]
• Romea theatre (19th century). It was opened up by the queen Isabella II of Spain in 1862. Its façade has three bodies or levels.[64]
• Circo theatre.
• Almudí Palace (17th century), art gallery in a historic building with coats of arms on its façade.[65] On its interior there are Tuscan columns, and since 1985 it hosts the city archives and periodic art exhibitions.[66]
• Monteagudo Castle (11th century): in the district with the same name, in the north of the municipality.[67]
• Salzillo Museum, showcases the art of 18th-century baroque sculptor and Murcia native Francisco Salzillo.[68]
• Centro Párraga, contemporary arts centre located in one of the pavilions of the old Artillery Headquarters of Murcia. It houses multiple exhibitions, performances and concerts throughout the year.
• Archaeological Museum of Murcia (MAM). It covers the rich Prehistory and History of Murcia, from the Palaeolithic to the Christian and Visigoth Period.[69]
• San Juan de Dios church-museum, Baroque and Rococo circular church with the remains of the Moorish palace mosque from the 12th century in the basement, called Alcázar Nasir.

In the metropolitan area are also the Azud de la Contraparada reservoir and the Noria de La Ñora water wheel.

The Burial of the Sardine in Murcia

The Holy Week procession hosted by the city is among the most famous throughout Spain. This traditional festival portrays the events which lead up to and include the Crucifixion according to the New Testament. Life-sized, finely detailed sculptures by Francisco Salzillo (1707–1783) are removed from their museums and carried around the city in elegant processions amid flowers and, at night, candles, pausing at stations which are meant to re-enact the final moments before the crucifixion of Jesus.[70]

The most colorful festival in Murcia may come one week after Holy Week, when locals dress up in traditional huertano clothing to celebrate the Bando de la Huerta (Orchard parade) on Tuesday and fill the streets for The Burial of the Sardine in Murcia. parade the following Saturday. This whole week receives the name of Fiestas de Primavera de Murcia (Spring Fest).[71]

Murcia's Three Cultures International Festival happens each May and was first organised with the intent of overcoming racism and xenophobia in the culture. The festival seeks to foster understanding and reconciliation between the three cultures that have cohabited the peninsula for centuries, if not millennia: Christians, Jews and Muslims. Each year, the festival celebrates these three cultures through music, exhibitions, symposiums and conferences.[72]

Casa Cerdá in Santo Domingo square

Casino of Murcia

Economically, Murcia predominantly acts as a centre for agriculture and tourism. 33.1% of the municipality is utilised with crops purposes.[85] 35.3% of the agreements of 2019 were written for jobs in agriculture and fishing sectors and 9.84% workers had signed agreements for crop land labouring in the second half of 2016.[86][87]

7.79% agreements corresponded to the industry sector in 2019 and 5.91% workers had signed agreements for industry labouring in the second half of 2016. 53.12% agreements corresponded to jobs of the service sector in 2019 and 14.26% workers had signed agreements for waiter jobs in the second half of 2016.[86][87]

The economy of Murcia is supported by fairs and congresses, museums, theatres, cinema, music, aquariums, restaurants, hotels, shopping centres, campings, sports, foreign students, and tourism.

As generally in Spain, the governors are elected indirectly by voting for a political party in a day for municipal and autonomous community (the regions in Spain) elections every four years.[88] The governors that are elected compose a government body named pleno, which has 30 members in Murcia. The alcalde (head governor in a municipality) chooses 10 members from the pleno in order to compose a governing cabinet named junta de gobierno, which has 10 members in Murcia. There are 7 partisans (including the alcalde) of Partido Popular party and 3 partisans of Ciudadanos in the junta de gobierno. The largest government body also includes 9 partisans of PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español), 3 partisans of Vox and 2 partisans of Podemos and Equo.[89][90]

The hospitals and other public primary healthcare centers belong to the Murcian Healthcare Service. There are three public hospitals in Murcia:[107]

• Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca in El Palmar that includes obstetrics and paediatrics units.[108]
• Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía: it is located in the main city nexto to Segura river.[109]
• Hospital Morales Meseguer: it is also placed in the main city.[110]

Large part of the municipality belongs to the Health area I (Murcia/Oeste), which main place is the main town. Nevertheless, the districts that are located in the northeastern quarter are included in Health area VII (Murcia / Este) and the district Cabezo de Torres is included in Health area VI (Vega Media del Segura).[111][112]

Murcia has three universities:

• two public universities: the University of Murcia, founded in 1272 and the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena.
• one private university: the Catholic University Saint Anthony, founded in 1996.

University of Murcia

University of Murcia (cloister)

There are several high schools, elementary schools, and professional schools. Murcia has three types of schools for children: private schools such as El Limonar International School, Murcia (a British international school) and King's College, Madrid, The American School of Murcia (an American international school),[113] semi-private schools (concertado),[114] which are private schools that receive government funding and sometimes offer religious instruction, and public schools such as Colegio Publico (CP) San Pablo, IES Licenciado Francisco Cascales or the centenary CP Cierva Peñafiel, one of the oldest ones.[115] The French international school, Lycée Français André Malraux de Murcie, is in nearby Molina de Segura.[116]

The private schools and concertados can be religious (Catholic mostly but any religion is acceptable) or secular, but the public schools are strictly secular. Concertado or semi-private or quasi-private schools fill a need by providing schools where the government isn't able to or predate the national school system. The private schools in Murcia are not only English language schools. They also include Nelva, a religious school, and San Jorge, a secular bilingual Spanish school.

Murcia also offers Adult Education for people who want to return to complete high school and possibly continue on to the university.[115][117]

• Francisco Flores Arroyuelo (1939–2020), author and university professor
• Muhyī al-Dīn Ibn al-'Arabī (1165–1240), Islam Sufi master and author,[15] probably the most notable Sufi author of history with Al-Ghazali
• Nicolás Almagro (1985–), tennis player
• Carlos Alcaraz (2003–), tennis player
• Abul Abbas al-Mursi (1219–1286) Islam Sufi master
• Portu (1992–), professional football player
• Alberto Botía (1989–), professional football player
• Blas Cantó (1991–), singer
• Charo (1941–), musician, actress and entertainer
• Juan de la Cierva (1895–1936), inventor of the autogyro, a forerunner of the helicopter
• Luis Fajardo (c. 1556–1617), admiral and nobleman, conqueror of La Mamora
• Diego de Saavedra Fajardo (1584–1648), writer and diplomat
• Jorge Ruiz Flores (1975–), singer of Maldita Nerea Spanish band[118]
• Ramón Gaya (1910–2005), painter and writer
• Xuso Jones (1989–), singer
• Ruth Lorenzo (1982–), singer
• Vicente Medina (1866–1937), poet and writer
• José Moñino, conde de Floridablanca (1728–1808), statesman, minister of King Charles III of Spain
• Francisco "Paco" Rabal (1926–2001), actor
• Francisco Salzillo (1707–1783), Baroque sculptor
• Ibn Sidah (c. 1007–1066), Arabic philologist and lexicographer
• Francisco Antonio Marín del Valle, Governor and Captain General of New Mexico between 1754 and 1760.
• Alejandro Valverde (1980–), cyclist

Estadio Nueva Condomina

Some of the sports teams of the municipality are listed below:

• Racing Murcia FC — a fifth-tier club
• Real Murcia – it was founded in 1908 and is a Primera Federación football team
• CF Atlético Ciudad – Spanish Third Division (Group 2) football (dissolved in 2010)
• UCAM Murcia – Segunda Federación football team
• CAP Ciudad de Murcia – Spanish Fourth Division (Group 13) football
• CB Murcia – the team is owned by the UCAM private university and it has been in the Spanish Liga ACB basketball league, which is the first division basketball league in the country.
• ElPozo Murcia Turística FS – a futsal team which was founded in 1992 and plays in the first division.
• Hispania Racing F1 Team – Formula One racing
• CAV Murcia 2005 – a volleyball team, and its name is an acronym for Club Atlético de Voleibol. It won the Supercopa de España tournament in the 2005–2006 season.[119] The team was the winner in the Superliga Femenina de Voleibol in 2008.[120] It won the Copa de la Reina Spanish tournament in 2011.[121] It obtained 13 titles[122] and ended in 2011 due to its debts.[123]
• Origen (esports) – the most well-known League of Legends team in Spain and was founded in December 2014. It was a finalist team in the 2015 summer playoffs. The team has also been in the League of Legends Challenge Series and in the League of Legends Championship series.[124][125] The team relocated from Murcia to in Denmark in 2018.[126]

Murcia is twinned with:[127]

• Kingdom of Murcia
• Christ of Monteagudo

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Murcia (town)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 33.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Murcia.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Murcia.

• Official website (in Spanish)
• Postal Codes Murcia