List of national parks of India
National parks in India are IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature) category II protected areas. India's first national park was established in 1936, now known as Jim Corbett National Park, in Uttarakhand. In 1970, India had only five national parks. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger in 1973 to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species and currently there are 106 national parks in India. Further federal legislation strengthening protection for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s.
Wildlife of India |
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There are 106 existing national parks in India covering an area of 44,378 km2 (17,134 sq mi), which is 1.35% of the geographical area of the country (National Wildlife Database, Dec. 2020). In addition to the above, 75 other National Parks covering an area of 16,608 km2 (6,412 sq mi) are proposed in the Protected Area Network Report. The network of parks will go up 176 after full implementation of the above report.
Hemis National Park is largest national park with an area 4,400 km² of while South Button Island National Park is smallest with an area of just 5.19 km².
Definition
According to the Indian Ministry of Environment & Forests, a national park is an area, whether within a sanctuary or not, [that] can be notified by the state government to be constituted as a National Park, by reason of its ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, or zoological association or importance, needed to for the purpose of protecting & propagating or developing wildlife there in or its environment. No human activity is permitted inside the national park except for the ones permitted by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state under the conditions given in CHAPTER IV, WPA 1972".[1]
Overview
State wise list
State/Union Territory | No. of National Parks |
---|---|
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 9 |
Andhra Pradesh | 3 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 2 |
Assam | 7 |
Bihar | 1 |
Chhattisgarh | 3 |
Goa | 1 |
Gujarat | 4 |
Haryana | 2 |
Himachal Pradesh | 5 |
Jammu and Kashmir | 3 |
Jharkhand | 1 |
Karnataka | 5 |
Kerala | 6 |
Ladakh | 1 |
Madhya Pradesh | 11 |
Maharashtra | 6 |
Manipur | 2 |
Meghalaya | 2 |
Mizoram | 2 |
Nagaland | 1 |
Odisha | 2 |
Rajasthan | 5 |
Sikkim | 1 |
Tamil Nadu | 5 |
Telangana | 3 |
Tripura | 2 |
Uttar Pradesh | 1 |
Uttarakhand | 6 |
West Bengal | 6 |
Total | '106’ |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Campbell Bay National Park | Great Nicobar Island | 1992 | Part of Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve | Crab-eating macaque, Nicobar treeshrew | ||
Galathea National Park | 1992 | Giant robber crab, Nicobar pigeon, Megapode | Galathea River | |||
Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park | Wandoor | 1983 | ||||
Middle Button Island National Park | Middle Button Island | 1979 | Water Lizard, Monitor lizard, Blue Whale | |||
Mount Harriet National Park | Mount Manipur | 1987 | Important bird area as attributed by BirdLife International
The park is also a butterfly hotspot. |
Andaman wild pigs , saltwater crocodiles, turtles, robber crabs. | ||
North Button Island National Park | North Button Island | 1979 | Dugong, Dolphin | |||
Rani Jhansi Marine National Park | Ritchie's Archipelago | 1996 | ||||
Saddle Peak National Park | Saddle Peak | 1987 | Kalpong Dam Reservoir | |||
South Button Island National Park | South Button Island | 1987 | Smallest National Park in India |
Andhra Pradesh
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Papikonda National Park | Near Rajamahendravaram | 2008 | Important bird and biodiversity area by BirdLife International | Royal Bengal Tiger, Leopards, rusty-spotted cat, King cobra
.[3] |
Godavari river | |
Rajiv Gandhi National Park (Rameswaram) | Near Rameswaram | 2005 | Penna River | |||
Sri Venkateswara National Park | Near Tirumala,Seshachalam Hills and Tirumala Hills | 1989 | Yellow-throated bulbul, White-rumped vulture |
Arunachal Pradesh
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mouling National Park | Siang Valley | 1986 | Forms the western part of Dihang-Dibang biosphere reserve | takin, goral, Indian leopard, Bengal tiger, barking deer, serow and red panda | Siyom River | |
Namdapha National Park | Near Miao | 1983 | part of Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests | Sapria himalayana, Namdapha flying squirrel, red panda, dhole, Malayan sun bear, Indian wolf, Asiatic black bear, gaur, stump-tailed macaque, Assamese macaque, rhesus macaque. | Noa Dihing River |
Assam
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park | Near Tinsukia | 1999 | Lergest Swamp Forest in North-east India | Feral horse, Wild water buffalo, Ganges river dolphin etc | Brahmaputra River, Lohit River, Dibru River | |
Dehing Patkai National Park | Near Digboi, Margherita | 2021 | Declared as reserve under Project Elephant and largest lowland forest in India | White-winged duck, Slow loris | Dihing river | |
Raimona National Park | Near Gossaigaon | 2021 | Part of Eastern Himalayan Foothills | Gee's golden langur | Sankosh River | |
Kaziranga National Park | Near Kaliabor | 1974 | Declared as
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985 Largest population of Indian Rhinoceros, wild water buffalo and Eastern Swamp Deer | Indian rhinoceros ,
Royal Bengal Tiger, Wild water buffalo, Asian elephant, Eastern Swamp Deer |
Brahmaputra River, Mora Dhiplu, Dhiplu, Mora Dhansiri | |
Manas National Park | Near Barpeta Road | 1990 | Declared as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985 contiguous with Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan
Also a biosphere reserve and Elephant reserve |
Indian Elephants, Wild water Buffalo, Capped langur, Rare species such as,Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog | Manas River, Beki River | |
Nameri National Park | NearBhalukpong | 1998 | Dendrobium Orchid, Bengal Tiger, Clouded Leopard, Asian fairy-bluebird | Kameng River, Other tributaries Nameri, Dinai, Diji etc | ||
Orang National Park | North bank of the Brahmaputra river | 1999 | The Great Indian rhinoceros (VU), pygmy hog (EN), Asian elephant, wild water buffalo (EN), Bengal tiger, hog deer, Gangetic dolphin (EN), Indian pangolin (EN) | Named Rajiv Gandhi National Park in 1992, but rolled back because of public opposition | The river Dhanshiri flows along the western edge of the park |
Bihar
Image | Location | Formed | Name | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Near Valmiki Nagar, Bagaha | 1978 | Valmiki National Park | Home of Tharu people in India | Bengal tiger, Indian gaur, Indian rhinoceros, Asian black bear , Indian elephant, Indian leopard | Gandaki River, Sonha and Pachnad rivers, Burhi Gandak River, Pandai River etc |
Chhattisgarh
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guru Ghasidas National Park | Near Sidhi, Manendragarh, Chirimiri | 1981 | Largest national park of Chhattisgarh | |||
Indravati National Park | Near Dantewada | 1982 | Wild Asian buffalo, tiger reserve, hill mynas | Indravati River | ||
Kanger Ghati National Park | Near Jagdalpur | 1982 | Indoreonectes evezardi |
Goa
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mollem National Park | Near Molem | 1978 | Famous Dudhsagar Falls located inside also a Mahadev Temple of Kadamba architecture is also located inside |
Gujarat
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar | Near Bhavnagar, Vallabhipur, Dholera, Dhandhuka | 1976 | A grassland ecosystem for conservation of Blackbuck , Lesser florican
Successful conservation programs for the blackbuck, wolf and lesser florican, bustard |
Blackbucks, Indian grey wolf, striped hyena, Bengal fox, golden jackal, jungle cat and many other small mammals | ||
Gir Forest National Park | Near Sasangir, Tulsishyam, Talala, Gir Gadhada | 1965 | Only habitat of Asiatic Lion | Asiatic lion, Indian Leopard, Stripped Hyna, Golden Jackle | Hiran, Machhundri, Raval and Shingoda Rivers | |
Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch | Near Dwarka, Bet Dwarka, Okha | 1982 | There are 42 island and park is situated on coral reefs | Corals, sponges, jellyfish, endangered sea turtles such as green sea turtles, olive ridleys and leatherbacks, dugongs, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, blue whales | ||
Vansda National Park | Near vansda city | 1979 | Leopard, Dhole, Rhesus Macaque, Common Palm Civet, Hanuman Langur, Small Indian Civet, Four-Horned Antelope, Wild Boar, Indian Porcupine, Barking Deer, Striped Hyena, Jungle Cat, Flying Squirrel, Pangolin and Indian Giant Squirrel. | There are 443 species of flowering plants. This includes teak, sadad, khakhro, kadad, humb, timru, kalam, bamboo, dudhkod, mahudo, behada, umaro, kusum, tanach, asan, shimlo, ambla, sisam, chopadi bondaro, etc. There is a variety of colourful orchids at Ambika river |
Haryana
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kalesar National Park | Near Bilaspur(Yamunanagar district), Paonta Sahib | 2003 | Located in Sivalik Hills | Yamuna River | ||
Sultanpur National Park | Near Gurugram | 1991 | Declared as Ramsar Wetland in 2021 |
Himachal Pradesh
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Great Himalayan National Park | Near Kullu | 1984 | Declared as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014
popular trekking and ecotourism destination |
Bharal, snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan tahr, Musk deer | Sainj River, Parvati River, Beas River, Tirthan River, Jiwa Nal River | |
Inderkilla National Park | Near Manali | 2010 | Beas River | |||
Khirganga National Park | Near Kasol | 2010 | Popular destination for Hiking, Canyoning | Parvati River | ||
Pin Valley National Park | Near Karzey | 1987 | Cold Desert area | Cedrus deodara, Himalayan snowcock, Chough | Pin River | |
Simbalbara National Park | Near Paonta Sahib | 2010 | Goral, Sambar deer, Chital |
Jammu and Kashmir
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Flora and Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dachigam National Park | Near Srinagar | 1981 | Only area where Hangul is found[4] | Hangul, Thar, Leopard cat, Musk deer, Snow Leopard, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan brown bear, Otter | Sarband Reservoir | |
Kishtwar National Park | Near Kishtwar | 1981 | Himalayan snowcock, Brown bear | Marusudar River, Chenab River | ||
Kazinag National Park | Near Baramulla | 1992 | Located on Line of Control | Markhor, Himalayan musk deer, Golden eagle, Snow pigeon | Jhelum River | |
Salim Ali National Park | Near Srinagar | 1986 | Turned into the Royal Springs Golf Course | Hangul, Brown bear, Indian paradise flycatcher | Dal lake |
Jharkhand
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Betla National Park | Near Medininagar | 1974 | Tiger, Indian bison, elephant, hyenas, monkey, leopard | North Koel River |
Karnataka
Kerala
Ladakh
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Hemis National Park | Largest National park in India |
Madhya Pradesh
Name | Notable Features | Formed | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bandhavgarh National Park | Very high tiger density, so the saying
Gaurs reintroduced from Kanha National Park |
1968 | Bengal tiger, striped hyena, caracal, gaur, sambar deer, nilgai, barking deer, chital, | |
Dinosaur Fossil National Park | 2011 | |||
Ghughua Fossil National Park | 1983 | |||
Kanha National Park | 1955 | Barasingha or swamp deer | ||
Kuno National Park | 1981 | Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project, India's first cheetah sanctuary | Kuno River | |
Madhav National Park | 1959 | |||
Panna National Park | 1981 | |||
Pench National Park[7] | 1975 | Rudyard Kipling's 'Jungle Book' was set in this NP. | ||
Sanjay National Park[8] | 1981 | |||
Satpura National Park | 1981 | - | ||
Van Vihar National Park | 1979 |
Maharashtra
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Chandoli National Park | 2004 | ||
Gugamal National Park | |||
Navegaon National Park | |||
Sanjay Gandhi National Park | , Indian Leopard, Rhesus Macaque, Bonnet Macaque, Spotted Deer, Hanuman Langur, Indian Flying Fox, Indian Hare, Barking Deer, Porcupine, Asian Palm Civet, Mouse Deer | ||
Tadoba Andhari National Park |
Manipur
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Keibul Lamjao National Park | Only floating national park in the world | Sangai Deer, Wild Boar, Musk Shrew etc | Loktak Lake |
Shirui National Park | Famous for Shirui Lily; Tropical Forests all over except at hilltops where there are temperate forests | Tragopan, Tiger and Leopard | A number of rivers originate here |
Meghalaya
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Balphakram National Park | Balphakram means 'land of the eternal wind' according to the myth of the Garos. | Wild water buffalo, red panda, elephant and eight cat species, including the tiger and marbled cat | |
Nokrek National Park | UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve |
Mizoram & Nagaland
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Murlen National Park | |||
Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park | Chhimtuipui River |
Nagaland
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Intanki National Park |
Odisha
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Bhitarkanika National Park | A ramsar site | Mangroves, saltwater crocodile, white crocodile, Indian python, black ibis, wild pigs, rhesus monkeys, olive ridley sea turtle, chital | Brahmani River, Baitarani River, Dhamra River, Pathsala |
Simlipal National Park | Tiger, leopard, Asian elephant, sambar, barking deer, gaur, jungle cat, wild boar |
Rajasthan
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Desert National Park | |||
Keoladeo National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site | ||
Mukundara Hills National Park | National Chambal Sanctuary is part of the national park | ||
Ranthambore National Park | Tiger Reserve. | ||
Sariska Tiger Reserve |
Sikkim
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Khangchendzonga National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site. Houses the third highest peak on the planet, Mt. Kangchenjunga (Mt. Everest is first, Mt. K2 is second). The Zemu glacier, one of the largest in Asia, is located within the park. | musk deer, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, dhole, sloth bear, viverrids, Himalayan black bear, red panda, Tibetan wild ass, Himalayan blue sheep, serow, goral and takin | Teesta (to the east) |
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park | |||
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park | |||
Mrugavani National Park |
Tripura
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Bison (Rajbari) National Park | |||
Clouded Leopard National Park |
Uttar Pradesh
Image | Name | Location | Formed | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dudhwa National Park | Near Palia Kalan, Gola Gokarannath | 1977 | Park is home of world's half population of Barasingha
Also a tiger sanctuary under Project Tiger |
Barasingha, Bengal tiger | Sharda River |
Uttarakhand
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Gangotri National Park | Gaumukh Glacier | Ganga | |
Govind Pashu Vihar National Park | |||
Jim Corbett National Park | First national park in India (established in 1936 as Hailey National Park).
Report titled ‘Status of Tigers Co-predators and Prey in India’, released by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change for 2018-19 revealed that national park has 14 tigers per 100 square kilometers which is highest in India. |
Ramganga | |
Nanda Devi National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve | ||
Rajaji National Park | Mainly known for elephants, tigers, leopards and several species of birds, reptiles and mammals. | Ganga river | |
Valley of Flowers National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site, Most beautiful national park in the world |
West Bengal
Name | Notable Features | Fauna | Rivers and lakes inside the national park |
---|---|---|---|
Buxa Tiger Reserve | Northern boundary along international border with Bhutan and eastern boundary touches Assam
The fragile "Terai Eco-System" constitutes a part of this reserve Buxa, serves as an international corridor for Asian elephant migration between India and Bhutan Rajabhatkhawa Vulture Breeding Centre was established by Bombay Natural History Society to emulate the success of Jatayu Conservation Breeding Centre, Pinjore |
Indian leopard, Bengal tiger, clouded leopard, giant squirrel, gaur, chital and wild boar
Eurasian griffon, Amur falcon Endangered species include leopard cat, Bengal florican, regal python, Chinese pangolin, hispid hare, hog deer lesser adjutant, white-rumped vulture, slender-billed vulture, chestnut-breasted partridge, rufous necked hornbill, ferruginous pochard and great hornbill |
|
Gorumara National Park | The park is rich in large herbivores including Indian rhinoceros, gaur, Asian elephant, sloth bear, chital, and sambar deer | Jaldhaka, Naora | |
Jaldapara National Park | Indian rhinoceros | ||
Neora Valley National Park | red panda (EN) | ||
Singalila National Park | |||
Sundarbans National Park | UNESCO World Heritage Site |
See also
Notes
it is the protected place for wildlife ..
it is managed by legislative
References
- "National Parks". wiienvis.nic.in. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
- "National Parks in India: 103 National Parks and 544 Wildlife Sanctuaries". www.careerpower.in. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- "2-ANDHRA PRADESH AND TELANGANA.pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- Kashmir Stag (Hangul)
- "Eravikulam National Park".
- "Silent Valley - Kerala Forest Dept".
- The Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh parts of the Pench National Park are administered separately. Tigris called Collar Wali is found there which has given 29 cubs in total.
- The Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh parts of the Sanjay National Park are administered separately.