List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term

There are members of the United States House of Representatives who spent only a single two-year term (or less) in office usually either due to death, resignation, or defeat. In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection. Many members who serve in the House for only one term are viewed by historians and political experts as having won under circumstances largely beyond their control, such as riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential or statewide candidate of their party, or by running against a scandalized incumbent.

Not included in this list are non-voting delegates. Members who served in the United States Congress, but also served in the Congress of the Confederate States or as a delegate, are included. For members-elect who never took office, see List of members-elect of the United States House of Representatives who never took their seats.