2010 Philippine presidential election

The 2010 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on Monday, May 10, 2010. The ruling President of the Philippines, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, was ineligible to seek re-election as per the 1987 Constitution, thus necessitating an election to select the 15th President.

2010 Philippine presidential election
May 10, 2010
Turnout74.34% Decrease 2.0%
 
Noynoy Aquino.jpg
JosephEstradajf1486.JPG
Nominee Benigno Aquino III Joseph Estrada
Party Liberal PMP
Running mate Mar Roxas Jejomar Binay
Popular vote 15,208,678 9,487,837
Percentage 42.08% 26.25%
 
Manny Villar T'nalak Festival 2009.jpg
Gates Teodoro Press Conference 090601 cropped3.jpg
Nominee Manuel Villar Gilbert Teodoro
Party Nacionalista Lakas–Kampi
Running mate Loren Legarda Edu Manzano
Popular vote 5,573,835 4,095,839
Percentage 15.42% 11.33%
Results according to the final congressional canvass.
President before election

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Lakas–Kampi

 Elected President

Benigno Aquino III
Liberal

2010 Philippine vice presidential election
May 10, 2010
 
Candidate Jejomar Binay Mar Roxas Loren Legarda
Party PDP–Laban Liberal NPC
Popular vote 14,645,574 13,918,490 4,294,664
Percentage 41.65% 39.58% 12.21%
Map showing the official results taken from provincial and city certificates of canvass. The inset shows Metro Manila.
Vice President before election

Noli de Castro
Independent

 Elected Vice President

Jejomar Binay
PDP–Laban

Politics of the Philippines
Government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Constitutional commissions
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Related topics
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Incumbent Vice-President Noli de Castro was allowed to seek re-election, though he could have possibly sought the presidency. As he didn't offer himself in any manner of candidacy at the election, his successor was determined as the 13th Vice President of the Philippines. Although most presidential candidates have running mates, the president and vice president are elected separately, and the winning candidates may be of different political parties.

This election was also the first time that the Commission of Elections (COMELEC) implemented full automation of elections, pursuant to Republic Act 9369, "An Act Authorizing The Commission on Elections To Use An Automated Election System In The May 11, 1998 National or Local Elections and In Subsequent National And Local Electoral Exercises".[1]

The results of the congressional canvassing showed that Senator Benigno Aquino III of the Liberal Party won by a plurality, although he had won with the highest percentage of votes since 1986, but not enough to have the largest margin of victory, even in elections held after 1986.

Meanwhile, in the election for the vice-presidency, Makati Mayor Jejomar Binay of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban) defeated Senator Mar Roxas of the Liberal Party in the third-narrowest margin in the history of vice presidential elections. Aquino and Binay were proclaimed in a joint session of Congress on June 9, and took their oaths on June 30, 2010. Roxas filed an electoral protest to the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET; the Supreme Court) on July 10, 2010.[2]

2010 Philippine presidential election is located in Philippines
Aquino
Aquino
Teodoro
Teodoro
Villanueva
Villanueva
(2)
(2)
Roxas
Roxas
Manzano
Manzano
Yasay
Yasay
Sonza
Sonza
Chipeco
Chipeco
Metro Manila
Metro Manila
Places where the presidential (red) and vice presidential (blue) candidates voted. For candidates that voted in Metro Manila (green), see map below.
2010 Philippine presidential election is located in Metro Manila
Estrada
Estrada
Villar
Villar
Perlas
Perlas
Madrigal
Madrigal
Binay
Binay
Legarda
Legarda
Fernando
Fernando
Places where the presidential (red) and vice presidential (blue) candidates voted.

Electoral system

The election is held every six years after 1992, on the second Monday of May. The incumbent president is term limited. The incumbent vice president may run for two consecutive terms. As Joseph Estrada, who was elected in 1998, was able to run in 2010, it is undetermined if the term limit is for life, or is only limited to the incumbent.

The plurality voting system is used to determine the winner: the candidate with the highest number of votes, whether or not one has a majority, wins the presidency. The vice presidential election is a separate election, is held on the same rules, and voters may split their ticket. Both winners will serve six-year terms commencing on the noon of June 30, 2010, and ending on the same day six years later.

The candidates are determined via political conventions of the different political parties. As most political parties in the Philippines are loosely structured, with most politicians switching parties from time to time, a person not nominated by a party may either run as an independent, get drafted by another party, or form their own party. The candidacy process is supervised by the Commission on Elections (usually referred by its abbreviation "COMELEC") which also regulates and holds the elections. It is not uncommon for the commission to disqualify certain candidates as "nuisance candidates" or those candidates who have no capacity to mount a nationwide campaign. This usually limits the candidates to a small number. The campaign will run for three months, beginning in early February 2010 and ending on the eve of the election. The Vote Counting Machines was tested and booted up at 5 am and the shading of candidates started at 7:30 am

The counting of votes is initially held in the individual voting precincts, which are all then tabulated for the different municipalities and cities, then to the provinces, and finally to Congress, which is the final canvasser of the votes. Election protests are handled by the Supreme Court, when it sits as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal.

Timeline
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the incumbent president, whose term expired on June 30, 2010

The COMELEC-mandated election period for this election was from January 10 to June 9

2008

2009

Election period
  • January 10 - Social Weather Stations December 2009 Survey (Zamora commissioned): Villar (33%) cuts Aquino (44%) lead.[48]
  • January 14 - Perlas reinstated by COMELEC. Relatively unknown Vetellano Acosta (KBL) is also reinstated as a candidate.[49][50]
  • January 14 - GMA Network Vice-Presidential Forum.[51]
  • January 20 - Estrada is allowed to run after the COMELEC threw out all three disqualification cases against him.[52]
  • January 29 - De La Salle University and ANC 2010 Presidential Youth Forum Youth 2010: Audience members say Aquino, Gordon, Teodoro "made a favorable impression". Madrigal attends for the first time. Estrada absent.[53]
  • February 8 - The Inquirer 1st Edition Presidential Debate with all candidates attending except Acosta and Estrada, with the latter citing "bias" against him.[54]
  • February 9 - Official election campaign starts
  • February 9 - Campaign kickoff rallies occur at Antipolo (Lakas-Kampi-CMD), Calamba (NP), Imus (Bagumbayan-VNP), Olongapo (Ang Kapatiran), Quiapo (PMP), Rizal Park (Bangon Pilipinas Party), and Tarlac (Liberal Party).[55]
  • March 4 - COMELEC disqualifies Vetellano Acosta.[56] His name, however, would remain in the ballot although votes that would be cast for him will be considered invalid.[57]
  • March 21 - ABS-CBN and ANC Vice-Presidential Debate: Analysts and viewers say that Roxas is seen as "most credible candidate" (54%) with Binay, Fernando tie in second (13%) and Yasay (11%); Legarda fared poorly (4%). Absent was Chipeco and Manzano whose absence drew comments on social-networking sites.[58] Analysts point out also not "to belittle" the underdogs and praised Binay, Yasay and Sonza.[59]
  • March 28 - A number of Lakas-Kampi-CMD stalwarts leave party to support Villar. The Liberal Party says these defections are "completing the Villarroyo [Villar-Arroyo] puzzle". Malacañang downplays defections and denies alliance with Villar.[60]
  • March 30 - Teodoro resigns as Lakas-Kampi-CMD Chairman to focus on campaign. This fuels further speculation that President Arroyo is dropping her financial support for her party in exchange of new support in Villar due to "winnability".[61] Sarangani Governor and party president Miguel Dominguez and secretary-general Francis Manglapus follows in less than 24 hours. Malacañang denies speculations that the resignations have something to do with rumors that Pres. Arroyo has decided to support another presidential candidate.[62]
  • April 6 - Pulse Asia March 2010 survey: Villar (25%) falls 4 points as Aquino (37%) widens lead. According to Pulse Asia, this was mainly due to the Villarroyo issue.[63] This came at the heels of talks that Villar is the "secret candidate" of Pres. Arroyo, a charge that he denies.[64]
  • April 10 – May 10 – Overseas absentee voting continuing until May 10 (Election day). Two polling precincts encountered technical problems in Hong Kong, raising concerns on the automation system.[65]
  • April 28–30 – Local absentee voting for government officials, teachers performing election duties outside of their precincts, members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and operatives of the Philippine National Police (PNP) starts.[66]
  • April 29 – COMELEC rejects proposals of a parallel manual count aside from the official tabulation.[67]
  • First Week of May - Smartmatic-TIM recalls the Compact Flash Cards (CFC) of all Precinct Count Optical Scanner (PCOS) Machines due to the machines not counting the votes correctly due to the spacing of the ballot. These were found out after testing. By Election Day, 99% of all CF Cards were already delivered. The remaining 1% was due to some inaccessible precincts.
  • May 2 – Kingdom of Jesus Christ leader Pastor Apollo Quiboloy finally endorses Gilbert Teodoro for president.[68] and Mar Roxas for vice president
  • May 3 - Manila Standard Today Presidential Survey: Aquino leads with Estrada overtaking Villar. [69]
  • May 5 - Iglesia ni Cristo endorses the tandem of Benigno Aquino III and Mar Roxas (Liberal Party). Voting as a block, the INC has an estimated command votes of 5-8 million.[70]
  • May 8 – The Supreme Court junks petitions to postpone the elections due to the technical difficulties found with the issue of the CF Cards [71]
  • May 10 — Election Day
  • May 10 – COMELEC extends the voting hours until 7 pm.[72]
  • May 11 – After initial election results, De los Reyes, Gordon, Teodoro, Villar and Villanueva conceded defeat to Aquino in the presidential race while Estrada says he won't concede and will wait for the congressional canvass. Chipeco, Legarda, Manzano and Yasay conceded defeat in the vice presidential race.[73][74][75][76]
  • May 25 – Congress approves the rules for the canvassing of the Certificates of Canvass for the presidential and vice-presidential positions.[77]
  • May 26 – The National Board of Canvassers through the Joint Canvassing Committee composed of evenly of both the Senate and the House of Representatives convene.[78]
  • May 28 – Canvassing finally starts with the first certificate of canvass (COC) from Laos to be opened.[79]
  • May 31 – June 4 - The issue of null votes i.e. overvotes, undervotes, abstentions, were raised by the Aquino-Roxas Bantay Balota (Aquino and Roxas Ballot Watch). COMELEC, however, stated that the rule on null votes is equivalent on the rule on stray votes before automation, thus the rules on stray or null votes would apply even if votes were manually counted in an electoral protest.
  • June 4 - Several municipalities which declared failure of Elections on May 10 hold rescheduled elections. These were mostly in Lanao del Sur.
  • June 8 – Canvassing ends with Aquino (15,208,678) and Binay (14,645,574) winning the presidential and vice presidential elections.[80]
  • June 9 – In a speedy deliberation in a public session, the Congress approves the report of the Joint Committee officially proclaiming Aquino and Binay the winners. Through a speech read by his son Senator Jinggoy Estrada, Estrada concedes and promises to support Aquino.[81]
  • June 9 - Congress proclaims Senator Benigno Aquino III as president-elect and Makati Mayor Jejomar Binay as vice president-elect of the Republic of the Philippines.[81]

Post-election period
  • June 30 - Aquino and Binay inaugurated as president and vice president of the Philippines.
  • July 10 – Roxas files an electoral protest against Binay at the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET). Binay's camp shrugged off the protest and says that tribunal will "uphold his victory".[2]
  • July 12 – The Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET) declares the electoral protest of Roxas "sufficient in form and substance". The PET issues summons to Binay to respond to the protest within ten days.[82]

Candidates

In the Philippines, the multi-party system is implemented. Sometimes a coalition of different parties are made. Notable this year is the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino–PDP–Laban and Nacionalista Party–NPC coalitions. Each party hosts candidates who go through a process to determine the presidential nominee for that party.

The Commission on Elections released its list of 16 approved candidates for president and vice-president on December 15.[83] One disqualified candidate, Perlas, was reinstated.[84]

This is arranged by the presidential candidates' surname.

Presidential candidate Vice presidential candidate
Image Candidate name and party Most recent political position Image Candidate name and party Most recent political position
Benigno Aquino III
Liberal		 Senator
(Incumbent since 2007)		 Mar Roxas
Liberal		 Senator
(Incumbent since 2004)
John Carlos de los Reyes
Ang Kapatiran		 none Dominador Chipeco Jr.
Ang Kapatiran		 none
Joseph Estrada
PMP		 Former President
(1998 – 2001)		 Jejomar Binay
PDP–Laban		 Mayor of Makati
(Incumbent since 2001)
Dick Gordon
Bagumbayan–VNP		 Senator
(Incumbent since 2004)		 Bayani Fernando
Bagumbayan–VNP		 Chairperson of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
(2002 – 2009)
Jamby Madrigal
Independent		 Senator
(Incumbent since 2004)		 none
Nicanor Perlas
Independent		 none
Gilberto Teodoro
Lakas–CMD		 Secretary of National Defense
(2004 – 2010)		 Edu Manzano
Lakas–CMD		 Chairman of the Optical Media Board (2004 – 2009)
Eddie Villanueva
Bangon Pilipinas		 none Perfecto Yasay Jr.
Bangon Pilipinas		 Chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(1995 – 2000)
Manny Villar
Nacionalista		 Senate President (2006 – 2008) Loren Legarda
NPC		 Senator
(Incumbent since 2007)
none[lower-alpha 1] Jay Sonza
KBL		 none
  1. Vetellano Acosta, Jay Sonza's running mate, was disqualified.

Opinion polls
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2010 Philippine presidential election

The Philippines has two primary opinion polling companies: Social Weather Stations (SWS) and Pulse Asia.

For president

Plotted as a 3-period moving average of the surveys.

For vice president

Plotted as a 3-period moving average of the surveys.

Exit poll

SWS conducted an exit poll. SWS's 2004 exit poll missed by a large margin the result.[85]

According to the SWS exit poll, 45% of Muslims voted for Binay, while only 17% chose Roxas and 28% for Legarda. About 75% of the members of the Iglesia ni Cristo voted for Roxas. Despite having the endorsement of several Catholic bishops, de los Reyes only got 0.2% of the Catholic vote, while Aquino, despite being branded by some Catholic organizations as not pro-life, got 44%.[86]

President
Poll sourceDate(s) conductedSample
size		Margin of
error		AquinoDe los ReyesEstradaGordonMadrigalPerlasTeodoroVillanuevaVillar
SWS[87] May 1052,573±1%43.340.1526.381.400.230.1310.253.4014.73

Vice President
Poll sourceDate(s) conductedSample
size		Margin of
error		BinayChipecoFernandoLegardaManzanoRoxasSonzaYasay
SWS[87] May 1052,573±1%42.520.432.9211.511.8139.170.201.43

Results

The candidate in each position with the highest number of votes is declared the winner; there is no runoff. Congress shall canvass the votes in joint public session.

When there are two or more candidates who have the highest and an equal number of votes, Congress, voting separately via majority vote will choose from these candidates, who have the highest and equal number of votes, who is to be the president.

The Supreme Court shall "be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice President".

There are several parallel tallies, with the Congressional canvass the official tally. The COMELEC used the election returns from the polling precincts; the Congress as the national board of canvassers will base their official tally from the certificates of canvass from the provinces and cities, which were derived from the election returns. The accredited citizen's arm, the Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) also used the election returns from the polling precincts. In theory, all tallies must be identical.

For president
Main article: Congressional canvass for the 2010 Philippine presidential election
Presidential election results per province and city.

Congress in joint session as the National Board of Canvassers convened in the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Quezon City, the home of the House of Representatives. Only a committee canvassed the votes, with the same number of members from both the Senate and the House of Representatives.

On June 8, Congress finished canvassing all of the votes, with the final canvass showing that Aquino and Binay had won. Aquino and Binay were proclaimed as president-elect and vice president-elect in a joint session on June 9. The president-elect and vice president-elect were inaugurated on June 30, 2010.[88] Aquino, son of the 11th president Corazon Aquino, became the second child of a former president to become president themselves after his immediate predecessor Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, whose father was the 9th president Diosdado Macapagal.

In case a president has not been determined by June 30, the vice president-elect shall act as president until a president has been determined. If both positions have not yet been determined, the President of the Senate, or the Speaker of the House of Representatives if the former is unable to do so, shall act as president. Congress shall enact a law on who acts as president if neither of the officials already stated are unable to do so.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Benigno Aquino IIILiberal Party15,208,67842.08
Joseph EstradaPwersa ng Masang Pilipino9,487,83726.25
Manny VillarNacionalista Party5,573,83515.42
Gilbert TeodoroLakas Kampi CMD4,095,83911.33
Eddie VillanuevaBangon Pilipinas1,125,8783.12
Dick GordonBagumbayan–VNP501,7271.39
Nicanor PerlasIndependent54,5750.15
Jamby MadrigalIndependent46,4890.13
John Carlos de los ReyesAng Kapatiran44,2440.12
Total36,139,102100.00
Valid votes36,139,10294.73
Invalid/blank votes[lower-alpha 1]2,010,2695.27
Total votes38,149,371100.00
Registered voters/turnout51,317,07374.34
Source: COMELEC
  1. Includes 181,985 votes for Vetellano Acosta (Kilusang Bagong Lipunan) who was disqualified after the ballots were printed.
Popular vote
Aquino
 
 42.08%
Estrada
 
 26.25%
Villar
 
 15.42%
Teodoro
 
 11.33%
Others
 
 4.91%

By region

For vice president
Vice presidential election results per province and city. Loren Legarda and Bayani Fernando, despite having more votes than Edu Manzano, failed to win in any province or city where COCs had been canvassed by Congress.

The candidate with the highest number of votes wins the vice presidency. In case when two or more candidates have the highest number of votes, one of them shall be chosen by the vote of a majority of all the members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Jejomar Binay[lower-alpha 1]PDP–Laban14,645,57441.65
Mar RoxasLiberal Party13,918,49039.58
Loren Legarda[lower-alpha 2]Nationalist People's Coalition4,294,66412.21
Bayani FernandoBagumbayan–VNP1,017,6312.89
Edu ManzanoLakas Kampi CMD807,7282.30
Perfecto Yasay Jr.Bangon Pilipinas364,6521.04
Jay Sonza[lower-alpha 3]Kilusang Bagong Lipunan64,2300.18
Dominador Chipeco Jr.Ang Kapatiran52,5620.15
Total35,165,531100.00
Valid votes35,165,53192.18
Invalid/blank votes2,983,8407.82
Total votes38,149,371–
Registered voters/turnout51,317,07374.34
Source: COMELEC
  1. Running mate of Joseph Estrada (Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino)
  2. Running mate of Manny Villar (Nacionalista Party)
  3. Running mate of Vetellano Acosta (Kilusang Bagong Lipunan) who was disqualified
Popular vote
Binay
 
 41.65%
Roxas
 
 39.58%
Legarda
 
 12.21%
Others
 
 6.56%

By region

Close provinces/cities
Results of provincial canvasses for the presidential election

Aquino
Estrada

Villar
Teodoro
Results of provincial canvasses for the vice presidential election

Binay
Roxas

Legarda
Swing as compared from the 2004 election: In 2004 the Liberals didn't field a candidate and instead supported Lakas-CMD's candidate Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as part of the K-4 coalition. 76% of the provinces and cities that Arroyo won went for Aquino. PMP's nominee in 2004, Poe, was the nominee of the KNP and retained 20 provinces and cities, and picked up six more provinces and cities, all but one in Mindanao.

Margin of victory is less than 5% for the presidential election:

Margin of victory is less than 5% for the vice presidential election:

Unofficial tallies
Winning presidential and vice presidential candidates per province/city in the elections. Note that the two positions are voted separately and voters can split their votes.

COMELEC

The COMELEC originally released results for president and vice president based from election returns but stopped in order not to preempt Congress. The COMELEC held their tally at the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay.

2010 Philippine presidential election, COMELEC tally
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Benigno Aquino III Liberal 12,233,002 42.16%
Joseph Estrada PMP 7,749,597 26.71%
Manuel Villar Nacionalista 4,329,215 14.92%
Gilbert Teodoro Lakas Kampi CMD 3,243,688 11.18%
Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas 916,543 3.16%
Richard J. Gordon Bagumbayan-VNP 431,954 1.49%
Nicanor Perlas Independent 42,205 0.15%
Jamby Madrigal Independent 37,119 0.13%
John Carlos de los Reyes Ang Kapatiran 34,833 0.12%
Total valid votes cast 29,018,156 56.57%
Registered voters 51,292,465 100.00%
Clustered precincts reporting 59,965 78.41%
2010 Philippine vice presidential election, COMELEC tally
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Jejomar Binay PDP-Laban 12,025,429 42.45%
Mar Roxas Liberal 11,213,563 39.59%
Loren Legarda NPC 3,808,944 11.51%
Bayani Fernando Bagumbayan-VNP 847,100 2.99%
Edu Manzano Lakas Kampi CMD 593,653 2.10%
Perfecto Yasay Bangon Pilipinas 295,558 1.04%
Jay Sonza KBL 50,722 0.18%
Dominador Chipeco Jr. Ang Kapatiran 40,335 0.14%
Total valid votes cast 28,326,323 55.23%
Registered voters 51,292,465 55.84%
Clustered precincts reporting 59,965 78.41%

PPCRV

The PPCRV held their tally at the Pope Pius Center in Manila.

2010 Philippine presidential election, PPCRV-KBP count
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Noynoy Aquino Liberal 14,012,761 42.10%
Joseph Estrada PMP 8,860,076 26.62%
Manuel Villar Nacionalista 5,073,824 15.24%
Gilbert Teodoro Lakas Kampi CMD 3,709,681 11.14%
Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas 1,029,406 3.09%
Richard J. Gordon Bagumbayan-VNP 470,131 1.41%
Nicanor Perlas Independent 49,362 0.15%
Jamby Madrigal Independent 42,657 0.13%
John Carlos de los Reyes Ang Kapatiran 40,430 0.12%
Total valid votes cast 33,288,328 64.90%
Registered voters 51,292,465 100.00%
Clustered precincts reporting 69,001 90.23%
2010 Philippine vice presidential election, PPCRV-KBP count
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Jejomar Binay PDP-Laban 13,653,873 42.11%
Mar Roxas Liberal 12,823,404 39.55%
Loren Legarda NPC 3,856,989 11.89%
Bayani Fernando Bagumbayan-VNP 944,584 2.91%
Edu Manzano Lakas Kampi CMD 712,996 2.20%
Perfecto Yasay Bangon Pilipinas 327,501 1.01%
Jay Sonza KBL 58,202 0.18%
Dominador Chipeco Jr. Ang Kapatiran 47,799 0.15%
Total valid votes cast 32,455,348 63.28%
Registered voters 51,292,465 100.00%
Clustered precincts reporting 69,001 90.23%

Voter demographics

President
2010 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroup Aquino Estrada Villar Other  % of
total vote
Total vote 41 29 16 14 100
Location
NCR 43 31 10 16 10
Balance Luzon 43 31 16 10 44
Visayas 53 10 19 18 20
Mindanao 33 40 16 11 27
Community
Urban 44 28 13 15 44
Rural 39 30 18 13 56
Socio-economic class
ABC 52 17 13 18 8
D 43 27 15 15 60
E 35 35 18 12 32
Gender
Male 39 32 15 14 46
Female 43 27 17 13 54
Age
18-24 37 30 18 15 12
25-34 40 30 17 13 24
35-44 41 30 16 13 23
45-54 42 29 15 14 20
55-64 45 26 16 13 12
65 & up 43 28 14 16 9
Education
Some elementary/elementary graduate 38 32 18 12 30
Some high school 35 36 18 11 14
High school graduate 41 31 16 12 25
Vocational 45 29 13 13 6
Some college 45 24 14 17 12
College graduate/post-college graduate 50 15 13 22 12
Working status
Employed 41 29 15 15 56
Unemployed 41 29 17 13 44
Religion
Roman Catholic 41 31 16 12 80
Islam 48 12 30 10 5
Iglesia ni Cristo 85 10 1 4 4
Aglipayan 38 27 22 13 1
Others 24 34 16 26 10
Ethnic groups
Tagalog 43 34 11 12 35
Cebuano 39 31 14 16 26
Ilocano 28 33 26 13 8
Ilonggo 48 20 17 15 8

Source: Exit polls conducted by Pulse Asia[89]

Vice President
2010 Vice Presidential vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroup Binay Roxas Legarda Other  % of
total vote
Total vote 43 37 14 6 100
Location
NCR 54 33 5 8 10
Balance Luzon 46 34 15 5 44
Visayas 25 55 13 7 20
Mindanao 47 31 15 7 27
Community
Urban 48 38 9 5 47
Rural 39 37 17 7 56
Socio-economic class
ABC 41 45 7 7 8
D 43 39 12 6 60
E 42 33 18 7 32
Gender
Male 45 36 13 6 46
Female 41 39 14 6 54
Age
18-24 46 33 15 6 12
25-34 45 34 16 6 24
35-44 44 37 14 6 23
45-54 44 40 11 5 20
55-64 38 43 12 7 12
65 & up 33 45 14 8 9
Education
Some elementary/elementary graduate 38 35 19 8 30
Some high school 43 35 16 6 14
High school graduate 45 38 12 5 25
Vocational 50 40 7 3 6
Some college 46 39 11 4 12
College graduate/post-college graduate 42 43 7 8 12
Working status
Employed 43 37 14 6 56
Unemployed 42 38 14 6 44
Religion
Roman Catholic 45 37 13 5 80
Islam 40 19 36 5 5
Iglesia ni Cristo 9 86 3 2 4
Aglipayan 29 44 19 8 1
Others 44 30 15 11 10
Ethnic groups
Tagalog 52 34 9 5 35
Cebuano 41 41 11 7 26
Ilocano 41 30 24 5 8
Ilonggo 29 56 9 6 8

Source: Exit polls conducted by Pulse Asia[89]

Campaign expenses

According to the Fair Elections Act, the COMELEC's cap on spending is 10 pesos per voter for each candidate and another 5 pesos per voter for one's political party; since there are about 50 million voters, a candidate can spend up to 500 million pesos and a party can spend an additional 250 million pesos.

The following is a list of published campaign expenses; the COMELEC has no ability to confirm if these were true.[90][91][92][93]

Candidate (Party)Amount raised (PHP)Amount spent (PHP)VotesSpent per vote (PHP)Spent per voter (PHP)
Benigno Aquino III (LP)440,050,000 (approx.)403,119,981.8115,208,67826.517.86
Joseph Estrada (PMP)8,000,000 (approx.)227,500,0009,487,83723.984.44
Manny Villar (NP)431,557,816431,557,8165,573,83577.438.41
Gilbert Teodoro (Lakas-Kampi)64,688.883,463,307.214,095,8390.850.07
Jamby Madrigal (I)55,182,26455,182,26446,4891,187.001.08
Jejomar Binay (PDP-Laban)231,480,000 (approx.)217,938,28914,645,57414.884.25
Mar Roxas (LP)246,000,000 (approx.)279,351,22413,918,49020.075.45
Loren Legarda (NPC)N/A210,280,0004,294,66448.964.10
Bayani Fernando (B-VNP)61,000,000 (approx.)80,081,865.611,017,63178.691.56

See also

Literature
  • Reyes, Vicente (2013), "The impact of automation on elections: Case study of the May 2010 Philippine presidential contests", Journal of Developing Societies, 29 (3): 259–285, doi:10.1177/0169796X13494276

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