List of recorded monarchs in the Philippines
The following is a list of the sovereign rulers of the polities in the Philippine archipelago before their domains fell to either the Spanish East Indies (1565-1899) or the United States of America (1898-1946), as well as including their non-sovereign descendants that kept honorary titles.
History of the Philippines |
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Timeline |
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In Luzon and its peripheries
Kingdom of Maynila
The Kingdom of Maynila or Luzon was described as one of the more powerful and wealthier kingdoms in the archipelago. It was noted for its commerce, literacy, diplomacy, navy, and use of artillery. Its influence ranged at least from Mindoro to Kapampangan lordships, with possibilities of greater extent suggested by the name of the kingdom. The kingdom and its subjects began to fall under Spain, starting in 1571, just as the Kingdom of Luzon was starting to adopt Islam.
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Salalila | Rajah | 1400s | after 1521 | Died many years before the first Castilian voyage to Ternate, leaving his son, the very young crown prince, to the queen regent in Manila. |
Ache | Rajah | after 1521 | 1571 | Married a princess of Brunei in 1521 while he was the Crown Prince of Luzon and the grand admiral of Brunei; was nicknamed "the Old" (Matanda); witnessed the fall of Manila on 24 May 1570; uncle of Sulayman, the heir apparent (raja muda) |
In the Visayan islands
Kingdom of Cebu
The Kingdom of Cebu was known for its military achievements and for having a large army. The male citizens of the kingdom were tattooed as marks of honour. Its dominion became a protectorate of the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies in 1565 but fell to the said kingdom after 1570.
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lumay | Sri (Lord) | (no given date) | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Humabon | Rajah | before 1521 | c. 1570 | Received the first Castilian voyage to Ternate; was baptised as a Christian king in 1521 as Carlos, while his wife was baptised as Juana, the same names as the King and the Queen of the Spains and the Indies; received a letter from Hernan Cortes, Marquess of Oaxaca, in the name of the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies in 1527 regarding the possession of some of the crew left by this voyage; witnessed the fall of Cebu on 8 May 1565; uncle of Tupas, the heir apparent (raja muda) |
Kedatuan of Mactan
Mactan is known to have had several rulers at the same time, unlike most principalities in the neighbouring Cebu. Mactan is assumed to have had its own sovereign.
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zula | Datu | before 1521 | after 1521 | Received the first Castilian voyage to Ternate |
Lapu-lapu | Datu | before 1521 | after 1521 | Defeated the forces from the first Castilian voyage to Ternate under its General Ferdinand Magellan in a battle on 27 April 1521, as Ferdinand Magellan acted under the request of Humabon of Cebu |
Kedatuan of Bo-ol
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pagbuaya | Datu (Lord) | (no given date) | 1563 | Co-ruled with his brother Dailisan; supposedly founded Dapitan in northern Mindanao |
Dailisan | Datu (Lord) | (no given date) | 1563 | Co-ruled with his brother Pagbuaya; his death during a Portuguese raid dissolved the lordship |
Kedatuan of Baclayon
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Si Katuna | Rajah | unknown | 1565 | Under the Kedatuan of Bo-ol until 1563; received the sixth Castilian voyage to Ternate in 1565 |
Kingdom of Limasawa
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kulambo | Rajah | before 1521 | after 1521 | Received the first Castilian voyage to Ternate; accompanied this fleet to Cebu on 7 April 1521 |
In Mindanao and its peripheries
Kingdom of Butuan
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kiling | Rajah | 989 | 1009 | Received the embassy of Li Shu-Han (李竾罕) |
Bata Shaja | Sri (Lord) | c. 1011 | 1000s | Received the mission of Li Kan-Hsieh (李于燮) |
Awi | Rajah | before 1521 | after 1521 | Received the first Castilian voyage to Ternate |
Kingdom of Dapitan
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pagbuaya | Datu | 1563 | after 1563 | Converted to Christianity |
Manooc | Datu | after 1563 | 1595 | Was baptised as Pedro Manuel Manooc |
Sultanate of Cotabato
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Piang | Sultan/Datu | 1899 | after 1900 | Contemporary of late Spanish rule, the First Philippine Republic, and early American rule; became the first Governor of Cotabato under American rule |
Sultanate of Maguindanao
The dominion of the Sultanate of Maguindanao gradually fell to the United States of America in the 1900s.
Reign | Title and Name | Other name(s) |
---|---|---|
1515-1543 | Shariff Muhammed Kabungsuwan | |
1543–1574 | Sultan Maka-alang Sari Pada | |
1574–1578 | Sultan Bangkaya | |
1578–1585 | Sultan Dimasangcay Adel | |
1585–1597 | Sultan Gugu Sari Kula | Datu Salikala |
1597–1619 | Sultan Laut Buisan | Datu Katchil |
1619–1671? | Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat | Datu Qudratullah Katchil |
1671?–1678? | Sultan Dundang Tidulay | Sultan Saif ud-Din (Saifud Din) |
1678?–1699 | Sultan Barahaman | Sultan Muhammad Shah Minulu-sa-Rahmatullah |
1699–1702 | Sultan Kahar ud-Din Kuda | Maulana Amir ul-Umara Jamal ul-Azam |
1702–1736 | Sultan Bayan ul-Anwar | Maruhom Batua Dipatuan Jalal ud-Din Mupat Batua (posthumously) |
1710–1736 (in Tamontaka) | Sultan Amir ud-Din | Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jafar Sadiq Manamir Shahid Mupat (posthumously) |
1736–1748 (in Sibugay, Buayan, Malabang) | Sultan Muhammad Tahir ud-Din | Dipatuan Malinug Muhammad Shah Amir ud-Din |
1733–1755 | Sultan Raja Muda Muhammad Khair ud-Din | Pakir Maulana Kamsa Amir ud-Din Itamza Azim ud-Din Amir ul-M'umimin |
1755–1780? | Sultan Pahar ud-Din | Datu Panglu/Pongloc Mupat Hidayat (posthumously) |
1780?–1805? | Sultan Kibad Sahriyal | Muhammad Azim ud-Din Amir ul-Umara |
1805?–1830? | Sultan Kawasa Anwar ud-Din | Muhammad Amir ul-Umara Iskandar Jukarnain |
1830–1854 | Sultan Qudratullah Untung | Iskandar Qudratullah Muhammad Jamal ul-Azam Iskandar Qudarat Pahar ud-Din. Properly place, his name was Ullah Untong and seated as Sultan Ashrf Samalan Farid Quadratullah or better known as Sultan Qudarat. |
1854–1884 | Sultan Muhammad Makakwa | |
1884–1888 | Sultan Wata | Sultan Muhammad Jalal ud-Din Pablu |
1888–1896 | (Interregnum) | Sultan Anwar ud-Din contested Datu Mamaku (son of Sultan Qudratullah Untung) of Buayan for the throne versus the then sultan Datu Mangigin of Sibugay. |
1896–1898 | Sultan Taha Colo | Sultan Rabago sa Tiguma |
1908–1933 | Sultan Mastura Kudarat | Sultan Muhammad Hijaban Iskandar Mastura Kudarat; Sultan Mastura; Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat |
Kingdom of Basilan and the Yakans
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kalun | Datu | before 1900 | after 1900 | Was born Pedro Cuevas Javiér on 6 May 1845 from Bacoor, Cavite; defeated the real Datu Kalun after a battle between the Chavacanos and the Yakans; assumed the title and name and ruled over Basilan island and the Yakans in Mindanao; converted the dominion to Catholic Christianity; founded the city of Lamitan |
Sultanate of Sulu
In English toponymy, borrowed from Spanish toponymy, Sulu is the term that refers to the Sultanate of the Tausugs, with this term being an approximation (perhaps Spanish) of the root term "Sulug" in Tausug which is also pronounced as "Suluk" in Malay. Both these terms refer to the Tausug people, the first being an endonym and the second an exonym, besides being the name of the sultanate itself. Jolo is another term that serves this approximation (initially pronounced as /Sho-lo/ in Spanish).
The primary language of the Sultanate of Sulu is Tausug, with Malay and Arabic as secondary languages. The dominion of the sultanate stretched from Sulu in what is now the Philippines to Sabah in what is now Malaysia. From its dominion, the side on the American reckoning of the Philippine islands gradually fell to the United States of America within the first half of the 20th century. The Sabah territory was continually leased by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the Sultan of Sulu, and was then transferred by that kingdom to Malaysia, which continued to pay for the lease.
Part of the legacy of this sultanate is the presence of around 1,200,000 Tausugs in the Philippines and around 700,000 Tausugs in Malaysia at the present time. The royal family of the Sultanate of Sulu still maintains its lineage well-documented.
Title and Name | Flag | From | Until |
---|---|---|---|
Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim | ![]() | 1480 | 1505 |
Sultan Kamal ud-Din | ![]() | 1505 | 1527 |
Sultan Amir ul-Umara | ![]() | 1893 | 1899 |
Sultan Jamal ul-Kiram I | ![]() | 1893 | 1899 |
Sultan Mahakuttah Kiram | ![]() | 1974 | 1986 |
Sultan Muedz ul-Lail Tan Kiram | ![]() | 1986 | Present |
In Palawan and its peripheries
Seignory of the Tagbanwas of Coron
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Macarere | Apo (Sire) | (no given date) | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Appendix
Lakanate of Tondo
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unnamed | Pamegat (Prince); Senapati (Duke) | before 900 | 900s | Granted a certificate of debt clearance to Lady Angkatan and Lord Bukah, son of Lord Namwaran, in the form of a copper tablet, concerning the debt of Lord Namwaran to the Prince of Dewata; the lordship was a duchy called Tundun in the said document |
Lontok | Raja (King) | Unknown | c. 1450 | (No given events) |
Kalangitan | Dayang (Lady) | c. 1450 | c. 1500 | Lady of Namayan and Tondo |
Bunao | Lakan (Lord) | before 1570 | 1571 | From the House of Lakandula; Lord of Tondo and Sabag |
Agustin | Don (Lord; honorary and unofficial) | 1575 | 1588 | Had the full name Agustin de Legaspi |
Principalities (Datu)
Some aristocratic descendants are either officially granted leadership of particular communities by the Republic of the Philippines or unofficially still assume this role.
Muslim
Some Muslim aristocratic descendants who kept ancestral lordly titles have attempted to participate in the republican government and have served as either appointed or democratically elected public officials while they continued to assume roles as community leaders. There are also sometimes contending claimants to the titles. For aristocratic descendants, the following are several examples:
- Datu Pax S. Mangudadatu – former Governor of Sultan Kudarat from 2001 to 2004
- The Sultanate of Maguindanao has an incumbent titular Sultan, Hajji Datu Amir bin Muhammad Baraguir – the 25th Sultan of Maguindanao. Son of Al-Marhum Sultan Hajji Datu Muhammad G.M. Baraguir, Llb. the 24th Sultan of Maguindanao[1]
- The Maranaos have sixteen royal houses that rule the four principalities in what is referred to as the Confederate States of Lanao.
Polytheistic ethnicities
- Datu Benhur – Lumad leader of the Banuaon tribe[2]
- Datu Viloso Suhat, also known as Datu Lipatuan – a tribal leader from the Tinananon Menuvo tribe in Arakan, North Cotabato, and the first Lumad to sit in a local legislative body in central Mindanao.[3]
- Datu Lamparan Talima Danda – the tribal chief from Subanen tribe, and a second generation descendant of Timuay Danda Antanao from Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay. Elected Mayor of Kabasalan, serving from 1961 to 1964. He was the Secretary General of United Subanen Community Association Inc.
- Datu Wilborne Sanghanan Danda – A Tribal Leader of the Peninusula, He became a Board Member of Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Zamboanga Sibugay (2000–2013), Elected Councilor for three terms, Elected Vice Mayor of Municipality of Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay from year 2010–2013, He is the son of Datu Lamparan Talima Danda the Tribal Chieftain of Zamboanga Peninsula.
- Datu Wata Eduardo Lihao Danda – a tribal leader in charge of the communications for the entire Subanen Tribe. He functioned under Datu Lamparan Lihao Danda, his elder brother. He was enlisted into United States Armed Forces of the Far East (USAFFE) during World War II, attach to the Medical Detachment of 106th Infantry (Filipino) Division with rank of Corporal, and captured by the Japanese in May 1942. Datu Wata Eduardo was imprisoned in Camp 78 in Davao, escaped the same year and re-joined with US Army 41st Division. After the liberation of the Philippines from Imperial Japanese forces, he reenlisted to the Philippine Constabulary and retired in 1972. He served as the Secretary General of United Subanen Community Association, Inc. in Zamboanga Sibugay, succeeding his elder brother.
- Datu Labi José Lihao Cayon – a tribal chief of the Subanen tribe and the 1st cousin of Datu Wata Eduardo Lihao Danda and Datu Lamparan Lihao Danda
- Datu Wilfredo Lunsayan Sanggayan - a Municipal Councilor of the Municipality of Kabasalan, Province of Zamboanga del Sur for Three (3) consecutive terms from July 1, 1992 to June 30, 2001 (9 years); He also served as Provincial Board Member representing the Indigenous Peoples of the Province of Zamboanga Sibugay from July 2005 to October, 2012 and was recognized as the FIRST Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representative (IPMR) of the Philippines in the Provincial level pursuant to RA 8371 otherwise known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997; Founding Chairman of the Provincial Indigenous Peoples' Organization of Zamboanga Sibugay, Inc. (PIPOZSI); Founding Chairman of Subanen Indigenous Peoples Association of the Philippines, Inc. (SIPAP); Founding Chairman of Subanen Partylist of the Philippines; He is the eldest son of late Timuay Langhap Pablo B. Sanggayan of Kabasalan, Zamboanga del Sur.
- Datu Labi Julius Mascarinas Cayon – board member of Zamboanga Sibugay Province And the Son of late Datu Labi JoseLihao Cayon, he is recognized as the Tribal Chieftain not just in Zamboanga Sibugay but entire Region 9 and partly in Region 10. "NCIP" - national commission on indigenous people, record section.
- Datu Lumok Imbing – 2nd cousin of Datu Laparam Talima Danda and a tribal leader from Subanen Tribe, who leads the aborigins of the Municipality of Lapuyan, Zamboanga Del Sur Province.
- Datu Langhap Dacanay – he is the 2nd generation of the royal blood stream and a 3rd degree relative of Datu Wilborne Sanghanan Danda
- Bae Sonita Manda Ryde – the 1st highest women handle the position she was proclaimed by former President Gloria Arroyo, and she is in the 2nd generation royal blood stream a relative of Datu Lamparan T. Danda, Datu Wata Eduardo Lihao Danda and Datu Labi Jose Lihao Cayon.
Seignories (Apo)
The following are present-day elders in ancestral domains as provided in the 1997 Act No. 8371 of the Republic of the Philippines "to recognise, protect, and promote the rights of the indigenous cultural communities".
Lordship of Pampanga
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Macabulos | Datu (Lord) | before 1570 | c. 1571 | (no given events) |
Lordship of Taytay
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kabailo | Datu (Lord) | before 1570 | c. 1570 | (no given events) |
Confederation of Madja-as
These figures are based on Pedro Monteclaro's "Maragtas", a history of Panay published in 1907.
Name | Title | Dominion | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Puti | Datu (Lord) | Aninipay | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Sumakwel | Datu (Lord) | Antique | c.1080 | (no given date) | Presided over the 10 Bornean lords |
Bangkaya | Datu (Lord) | Kalibo | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Dumangsol | Datu (Lord) | Malandug | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Dumangsil | Datu (Lord) | Taal | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Lubay | Datu (Lord) | Malandug | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Paiburong | Datu (Lord) | Irong-Irong | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Paduhinog | Datu (Lord) | Malandug | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Dumalugdog | Datu (Lord) | Malandug | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Balensukla | Datu (Lord) | Taal | c.1080 | (no given date) | (no given events) |
Marikudo | Datu (Lord) | Panay | (no given date) | c.1080 | Aeta (Ati) Lord of Panay; sold the lowlands of the island to the 10 Bornean lords in exchange for a golden salakot (bulawan nga saduk) and a long pearl necklace that could touch the ground (manangyad) |
Lordship of Marawi
Name | Title | From | Until | Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sanday | Datu (Lord) | (no given date) | (no given date) | (no given events) |
See also
- President of the Philippines
- Governor General of the Philippines
- Heads of state and government of the Philippines
- List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines
- List of ancient Philippine consorts
- Indian honorifics, Filipino, Indonesian, Malay and Thai titles originated from these
- Thai honorifics
- Thai royal ranks and titles
- Malay styles and titles
- Filipino styles and honorifics
- Indonesian honorifics
- Greater India
- Indosphere
References
- The Sultans: Members Family Of The Royal House Of Maguindanao
- "Lumad chieftain abandons rebel movement in Agusan". Manila Bulletin. 22 April 2009. Archived from the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
- Lumad first to sit in council | Inquirer News
- "Travel Opinions - Totaltravel". Archived from the original on 2012-04-05. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
- Banished Tagbanuas reclaim Calauit – INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos Archived 2010-03-08 at the Wayback Machine