High jump

The high jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump unaided over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it. In its modern, most-practiced format, a bar is placed between two standards with a crash mat for landing. Since ancient times, competitors have introduced increasingly effective techniques to arrive at the current form, and the current universally preferred method is the Fosbury Flop, in which athletes run towards the bar and leap head first with their back to the bar.

Athletics
High jump
Canadian high jumper Nicole Forrester demonstrating the Fosbury flop
World records
MenCuba Javier Sotomayor 2.45 m (8 ft 14 in) (1993)
WomenBulgaria Stefka Kostadinova 2.09 m (6 ft 10+14 in) (1987)
Olympic records
MenUnited States Charles Austin 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) (1996)
WomenRussia Yelena Slesarenko 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) (2004)
World Championship records
MenUkraine Bohdan Bondarenko 2.41 m (7 ft 10+34 in) (2013)
WomenBulgaria Stefka Kostadinova 2.09 m (6 ft 10+14 in) (1987)

The discipline is, alongside the pole vault, one of two vertical clearance events in the Olympic athletics program. It is contested at the World Championships in Athletics and the World Athletics Indoor Championships, and is a common occurrence at track and field meets. The high jump was among the first events deemed acceptable for women, having been held at the 1928 Olympic Games.

Javier Sotomayor (Cuba) is the current world record holder with a jump of 2.45 m (8 ft 14 in) set in 1993 – the longest-standing record in the history of the men's high jump. Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria) has held the women's world record of 2.09 m (6 ft 10+14 in) since 1987, also the longest-held record in the event.

Rules

Yelena Slesarenko hitting the bar while using the Fosbury Flop technique

The rules set for the high jump by World Athletics (previously named the IAAF[1]) are Technical Rules TR26 and TR27[2] (previously Rules 181 and 182[1]). Jumpers must take off from one foot. A jump is considered a failure if the jumper dislodges the bar or touches the ground or any object behind the bar before clearance.

Competitors may begin jumping at any height announced by the chief judge, or may pass at their own discretion. Most competitions state that three consecutive missed jumps, at any height or combination of heights, will eliminate the jumper from contention. The victory goes to the jumper who clears the greatest height during the final.

Tie breaking

If two or more jumpers tie for any place, the tie-breakers are: 1) the fewest misses at the height at which the tie occurred; and 2) the fewest misses throughout the competition. If the event remains tied for first place (or a limited-advancement position to a subsequent meet), the jumpers have a jump-off, beginning at the next height above their highest success. Jumpers have one attempt at each height. If only one succeeds, he or she wins; if more than one does, these try with the bar raised; if none does, all try with the bar lowered. This process was followed at the 2015 World Championship men's event.

Example jump-off
CompetitorMain competitionJump-offPlace
1.75m1.80m1.84m1.88m1.91m1.94m1.97m1.91m1.89m1.91m
Aoxooxoxxxxox2
Bxoxo-xxxxoo1
Coxoxoxxxxx3
Dxoxoxoxxx4

In the example jump-off above, the final cleared height is 1.88m, at which A B C and D each have one failure. D has two failures at lower heights compared to one each for the other three, who proceed to a jump-off at the next height above the final cleared height. C is eliminated in the second round of the jump-off 1.89m, then B wins in the third round.

A 2009 rule-change makes the jump-off optional, so that first place can be shared by agreement among tied athletes.[1] This rule led to shared gold in the 2020 Olympic men's event held in 2021.

History

Konstantinos Tsiklitiras during the standing high jump competition at the 1912 Summer Olympics

The first recorded high jump event took place in Scotland in the 19th century. Early jumpers used either an elaborate straight-on approach or a scissors technique. In later years, the bar was approached diagonally, and the jumper threw first the inside leg and then the other over the bar in a scissoring motion.

Around the turn of the 20th century, techniques began to change, beginning with the Irish-American Michael Sweeney's Eastern cut-off as a variation of the scissors technique. By taking off as in the scissors method, extending his spine and flattening out over the bar, Sweeney raised the world record to 1.97 m (6 ft 5+12 in) in 1895. Even in 1948, John Winter of Australia won the gold medal of the 1948 London Olympics with this style. Besides, one of the most successful female high jumper, Iolanda Balaș of Romania, used this style to dominate women's high jump for about 10 years until her retirement at 1967.

Another American, George Horine, developed an even more efficient technique, the Western roll. In this style, the bar again is approached on a diagonal, but the inner leg is used for the take-off, while the outer leg is thrust up to lead the body sideways over the bar. Horine increased the world standard to 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in) in 1912. His technique was predominant through the 1936 Berlin Olympics, in which the event was won by Cornelius Johnson at 2.03 m (6 ft 7+34 in).

American and Soviet jumpers were the most successful for the next four decades, and they pioneered the straddle technique. Straddle jumpers took off as in the Western roll but rotated their torso, belly-down, around the bar, obtaining the most efficient and highest clearance up to that time. Straddle jumper Charles Dumas was the first to clear 7ft (2.13m), in 1956. American John Thomas pushed the world mark to 2.23 m (7 ft 3+34 in) in 1960. Valeriy Brumel of the Soviet Union took over the event for the next four years, radically speeding up his approach run. He took the record up to 2.28 m (7 ft 5+34 in) and won the gold medal of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, before a motorcycle accident ended his career in 1965.

Gold medal winner Ethel Catherwood of Canada scissors over the bar at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Her winning result was 1.59 m (5 ft 2+12 in).
Platt Adams during the standing high jump competition at the 1912 Summer Olympics

American coaches, including two-time NCAA champion Frank Costello of the University of Maryland, flocked to Russia to learn from Brumel and his coaches like Vladimir Dyachkov. However, it would be a solitary innovator at Oregon State University, Dick Fosbury, who would bring the high jump into the next century.

Taking advantage of the raised, softer, artificially-cushioned landing areas that were in use by then, Fosbury added a new twist to the outmoded Eastern cut-off. He directed himself over the bar head and shoulders first, going over on his back and landing in a fashion that would likely have resulted in serious injury in the old ground-level landing pits, which were usually filled with sawdust or sand mixtures. Around the same time, Debbie Brill independently came up with the same technique, which she called the 'Brill Bend'.[3]

Since Fosbury used his new style, called the Fosbury flop, to win the gold medal of the 1968 Mexico Olympics, its use spread quickly, and soon "floppers" were dominating international high jump competitions. The first flopper setting a world record was the American Dwight Stones, who cleared 2.30 m (7 ft 6+12 in) in 1973. In the female side, the 16-year-old flopper Ulrike Meyfarth from West Germany won the gold medal of the 1972 Munich Olympics at 1.92 m (6 ft 3+12 in), which tied the women's world record at that time (held by the Austrian straddler Ilona Gusenbauer a year before). However, it was not until 1978 when a flopper, Sara Simeoni of Italy, broke the women's world record.

Successful high jumpers following Fosbury's lead also included the rival of Dwight Stones, 1.73 metres (5 ft 8 in)-tall Franklin Jacobs of Paterson, New Jersey, who cleared 2.32 m (7 ft 7+14 in), 0.59 metres (1 ft 11 in) over his head (a feat equalled 27 years later by Stefan Holm of Sweden); Chinese record-setters Ni-chi Chin and Zhu Jianhua; Germans Gerd Wessig and Dietmar Mögenburg; Swedish Olympic medalist and former world record holder Patrik Sjöberg; female jumpers Ulrike Meyfarth of West Germany and Sara Simeoni of Italy.

In spite of this, the straddle technique did not disappear at once. In 1977, the 18-year-old Soviet straddler Vladimir Yashchenko set a new world record 2.33 m (7 ft 7+12 in). In 1978, he raised the record to 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in), and 2.35 m (7 ft 8+12 in) indoor, just before a knee injury effectively ended his career when he was only 20 years old. In the female side, the straddler Rosemarie Ackermann of East Germany, who was the first female jumper ever to clear 2 m (6 ft 6+12 in), raised the world record from 1.95 m (6 ft 4+34 in) to 2.00 m (6 ft 6+12 in) during 1974 to 1977. In fact, from 2 June 1977 to 3 August 1978, almost 10 years after Fosbury's success, the men's and women's world records were still held by straddle jumpers Yashchenko and Ackermann respectively. However, they were the last world record holders using the straddle technique. Ackermann also won the gold medal of the 1976 Montreal Olympics, which was the last time for a straddle jumper (male or female) to win an Olympic medal.

In 1980, the Polish flopper, 1976 Olympic gold medalist Jacek Wszoła, broke Yashchenko's world record at 2.35 m (7 ft 8+12 in). Two years before, the female Italian flopper Sara Simeoni, the long-term rival of Ackermann, broke Ackermann's world record at 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in) and became the first female flopper to break the women's world record. She also won the gold medal of the 1980 Moscow Olympics, where Ackermann placed fourth. Since then, the flop style has been completely dominant. All other techniques were almost extinct in serious high jump competitions after late 1980s.

Technical aspects

Technique and form have evolved greatly over the history of high jump. The Fosbury Flop is currently considered the most efficient way for competitors to propel themselves over the bar.

Approach

Spanish jumper Ruth Beitia approaching the bar from an angle

For a Fosbury Flop, depending on the athlete's jump foot, they start on the right or left of the high jump mat, placing their jump foot farthest away from the mat. They take an eight- to ten-step approach, with the first three to five steps being in a straight line and the last five being on a curve. Athletes generally mark their approach in order to find as much consistency as possible.

The approach run can be more important than the takeoff. If a high jumper runs with bad timing or without enough aggression, clearing the bar becomes more of a challenge. The approach requires a certain shape or curve, the right amount of speed, and the correct number of strides. The approach angle is also critical for optimal height.

The straight run builds the momentum and sets the tone for a jump. The athlete starts by pushing off their takeoff foot with slow, powerful steps, then begins to accelerate. They should be running upright by the end of the straight portion.

The athlete's takeoff foot will be landing on the first step of the curve, and they will continue to accelerate, focusing their body towards the opposite back corner of the high jump mat. While staying erect and leaning away from the mat, the athlete takes their final two steps flat-footed, rolling from the heel to the toe.

Most great straddle jumpers run at angles of about 30 to 40 degrees. The length of the run is determined by the speed of the approach. A slower run requires about eight strides, but a faster high jumper might need about 13 strides. Greater speed allows a greater part of the body's forward momentum to be converted upward.[4]

The J approach favored by Fosbury floppers allows for speed, the ability to turn in the air (centripetal force), and a good takeoff position, which helps turn horizontal momentum into vertical momentum. The approach should be a hard, controlled stride so that the athlete does not fall from running at an angle. Athletes should lean into the curve from their ankles, not their hips. This allows their hips to rotate during takeoff, which in turn allows their center of gravity to pass under the bar.[5]

Takeoff

The takeoff can be double-arm or single-arm. In both cases, the plant foot should be the foot farthest from the bar, angled towards the opposite back corner of the mat, as they drive up the knee on their non-takeoff leg. This is accompanied by a one- or two-arm swing while driving the knee.

Unlike the straddle technique, where the takeoff foot is "planted" in the same spot regardless of the height of the bar, flop-style jumpers must adjust their approach run as the bar is raised so that their takeoff spot is slightly farther out from the bar. Jumpers attempting to reach record heights commonly fail when most of their energy is directed into the vertical effort and they knock the bar off the standards with the backs of their legs as they stall.

An effective approach shape can be derived from physics. For example, the rate of backward spin required as the jumper crosses the bar in order to facilitate shoulder clearance on the way up and foot clearance on the way down can be determined by computer simulation. This rotation rate can be back-calculated to determine the required angle of lean away from the bar at the moment of planting, based on how long the jumper is on the takeoff foot. This information, together with the jumper's speed, can be used to calculate the radius of the curved part of the approach. One can also work in the opposite direction by assuming a certain approach radius and determining the resulting backward rotation.

Drills can be practiced to solidify the approach. One drill is to run in a straight line and then run two to three circles spiraling into one another. Another is to run or skip a circle of any size two to three times in a row.[6] It is important to leap upwards without first leaning into the bar, allowing the momentum of the J approach to carry the body across the bar.

Flight

The knee on the athlete's non-takeoff leg naturally turns their body, placing them in the air with their back to the bar. The athlete then drives their shoulders towards the back of their feet, arching their body over the bar. They can look over their shoulder to judge when to kick both feet over their head, causing their body to clear the bar and land on the mat.[7]

All-time top 25

Men (outdoor)

Ath.#Perf.#MarkAthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
112.45 m (8 ft 14 in)Javier Sotomayor Cuba27 July 1993Salamanca
22.44 m (8 ft 0 in)Sotomayor #229 July 1989San Juan
32.43 m (7 ft 11+12 in)Sotomayor #308 September 1988Salamanca
232.43 m (7 ft 11+12 in)Mutaz Essa Barshim Qatar05 September 2014Brussels[12]
352.42 m (7 ft 11+14 in)Patrik Sjöberg Sweden30 June 1987Stockholm
52.42 m (7 ft 11+14 in)Sotomayor #405 June 1994Seville
352.42 m (7 ft 11+14 in)Bohdan Bondarenko Ukraine14 June 2014New York City[13]
52.42 m (7 ft 11+14 in)Barshim #214 June 2014New York City[13]
592.41 m (7 ft 10+34 in)Igor Paklin Soviet Union04 September 1985Kobe
92.41 m (7 ft 10+34 in)Sotomayor #525 June 1994Havana
Sotomayor #615 July 1994London
Bondarenko #204 July 2013Lausanne
Bondarenko #315 August 2013Moscow
Barshim #305 June 2014Rome
Barshim #422 August 2014Eberstadt
Barshim #530 May 2015Eugene
6172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Rudolf Povarnitsyn Soviet Union11 August 1985Donetsk
172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Sotomayor #712 March 1989Havana
Sjöberg #205 August 1989Brussels
172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in) ASotomayor #813 August 1989Bogotá
6172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Sorin Matei Romania20 June 1990Bratislava
172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Sotomayor #919 July 1991Paris
6172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Charles Austin United States07 August 1991Zürich
172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Sotomayor #1022 May 1993Havana
Sotomayor #1123 July 1993London
Sotomayor #1222 August 1993Stuttgart
Sotomayor #1310 July 1994Eberstadt
Sotomayor #1418 July 1994Nice
Sotomayor #1529 July 1994St. Petersburg
Sotomayor #1611 September 1994London
Sotomayor #1725 March 1995Mar del Plata
6172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Vyacheslav Voronin Russia05 August 2000London
172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Barshim #601 June 2013Eugene
6172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Derek Drouin Canada25 April 2014Des Moines
172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Bondarenko #411 May 2014Tokyo
Bondarenko #503 July 2014Lausanne[14]
6172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Andriy Protsenko Ukraine03 July 2014Lausanne[14]
172.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in)Bondarenko #618 July 2014Monaco
Bondarenko #705 September 2014Brussels[12]
Barshim #711 June 2016Opole
Barshim #820 August 2017Birmingham
Barshim #927 August 2017Eberstadt
Barshim #1004 May 2018Doha
Barshim #1102 July 2018Székesfehérvár
122.39 m (7 ft 10 in)Zhu Jianhua China10 June 1984Eberstadt
Hollis Conway United States30 July 1989Norman
Ivan Ukhov Russia05 July 2012Cheboksary
Gianmarco Tamberi Italy15 July 2016Monaco[15]
162.38 m (7 ft 9+12 in)Hennadiy Avdyeyenko Soviet Union06 September 1987Rome
Sergey Malchenko Soviet Union04 September 1988Banská Bystrica
Dragutin Topić FR Yugoslavia01 August 1993Belgrade
Troy Kemp Bahamas12 July 1995Nice
Artur Partyka Poland18 August 1996Eberstadt
Jacques Freitag South Africa05 March 2005Oudtshoorn
Andriy Sokolovskyy Ukraine08 July 2005Rome
Andrey Silnov Russia25 July 2008London
Zhang Guowei China30 May 2015Eugene
Danil Lysenko Authorised Neutral Athletes27 August 2017Eberstadt

Annulled marks

The following athletes have had their personal best annulled due to doping offences:

Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
2.41 m (7 ft 10+34 in) Ivan Ukhov (RUS)10 May 2014Doha
2.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in) Danil Lysenko (RUS)20 July 2018Monaco

Women (outdoor)

Ath.#Perf.#MarkAthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
112.09 m (6 ft 10+14 in)Stefka Kostadinova Bulgaria30 August 1987Rome
22.08 m (6 ft 9+34 in)Kostadinova #231 May 1986Sofia
222.08 m (6 ft 9+34 in)Blanka Vlašić Croatia31 August 2009Zagreb
342.07 m (6 ft 9+14 in)Lyudmila Andonova Bulgaria20 July 1984Berlin
42.07 m (6 ft 9+14 in)Kostadinova #325 May 1986Sofia
Kostadinova #416 September 1987Cagliari
Kostadinova #503 September 1988Sofia
Vlašić #207 August 2007Stockholm
342.07 m (6 ft 9+14 in)Anna Chicherova Russia22 July 2011Cheboksary
102.06 m (6 ft 9 in)Kostadinova #618 August 1985Moscow
Kostadinova #715 June 1986Fürth
Kostadinova #814 September 1986Cagliari
Kostadinova #906 June 1987Worrstadt
Kostadinova #1008 September 1987Rieti
5102.06 m (6 ft 9 in)Kajsa Bergqvist Sweden26 July 2003Eberstadt
Hestrie Cloete South Africa31 August 2003Paris
Yelena Slesarenko Russia28 August 2004Athens
102.06 m (6 ft 9 in)Vlašić #330 July 2007Thessaloniki
Vlašić #422 June 2008Istanbul
Vlašić #505 July 2008Madrid
5102.06 m (6 ft 9 in)Ariane Friedrich Germany14 June 2009Berlin
Mariya Lasitskene Authorised Neutral Athletes06 July 2017Lausanne[16]
102.06 m (6 ft 9 in)Lasitskene #220 June 2019Ostrava[17]
10242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Tamara Bykova Soviet Union22 June 1984Kyiv
242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Kostadinova #1114 June 1986Worrstadt
Kostadinova #1207 September 1986Rieti
Kostadinova #1304 July 1987Oslo
Kostadinova #1413 September 1987Padova
Kostadinova #1512 August 1988Budapest
10242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Heike Henkel Germany31 August 1991Tokyo
242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Kostadinova #1604 July 1992San Marino
Kostadinova #1718 September 1993Fukuoka
10242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Inha Babakova Ukraine15 September 1995Tokyo
242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Kostadinova #1803 August 1996Atlanta
Bergqvist #218 August 2002Poznan
Cloete #210 August 2003Berlin
Bergqvist #328 July 2006London
Vlašić #621 July 2007Madrid
Vlašić #702 September 2007Osaka
Vlašić #812 June 2008Ostrava
Vlašić #901 July 2008Bydgoszcz
10242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Tia Hellebaut Belgium23 August 2008Beijing
242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Vlašić #1023 August 2008Beijing
Vlašić #1108 May 2009Doha
10242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Chaunté Lowe United States26 June 2010Des Moines
242.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in)Vlašić #1205 September 2010Split
Chicherova #216 September 2011Brussels
Chicherova #311 August 2012London
Lasitskene #321 July 2017Monaco
Lasitskene #408 September 2021Zürich[18]
10 24 2.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in) Yaroslava Mahuchikh Ukraine02 September 2022Brussels[19]
162.04 m (6 ft 8+14 in)Silvia Costa Cuba09 September 1989Barcelona
Venelina Veneva-Mateeva Bulgaria02 June 2001Kalamata
Irina Gordeeva Russia19 August 2012Eberstadt
Brigetta Barrett United States22 June 2013Des Moines
202.03 m (6 ft 7+34 in)Ulrike Meyfarth West Germany21 August 1983London
Louise Ritter United States08 July 1988Austin
Tatyana Motkova Russia30 May 1995Bratislava
Niki Bakoyianni Greece03 August 1996Atlanta
Antonietta Di Martino Italy24 June 2007Milan
Nicola Olyslagers Australia17 September 2023Eugene[20]

Men (indoor)

Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
1 2.43 m (7 ft 11+12 in) Javier Sotomayor (CUB)4 March 1989Budapest
2 2.42 m (7 ft 11+14 in) Carlo Thränhardt (FRG)26 February 1988Berlin
3 2.41 m (7 ft 10+34 in) Patrik Sjöberg (SWE)1 February 1987Piraeus
 Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)18 February 2015Athlone
5 2.40 m (7 ft 10+14 in) Hollis Conway (USA)10 March 1991Seville
 Stefan Holm (SWE)6 March 2005Madrid
 Ivan Ukhov (RUS)25 February 2009Piraeus
 Aleksey Dmitrik (RUS)8 February 2014Arnstadt
9 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) Dietmar Mögenburg (FRG)24 February 1985Cologne
 Ralf Sonn (GER)1 March 1991Berlin
11 2.38 m (7 ft 9+12 in) Igor Paklin (URS)7 March 1987Indianapolis
 Gennadiy Avdeyenko (URS)7 March 1987Indianapolis
 Steve Smith (GBR)4 February 1994Wuppertal
 Wolf-Hendrik Beyer (GER)18 March 1994Weinheim
 Sorin Matei (ROU)3 February 1995Wuppertal
 Matt Hemingway (USA)4 March 2000Atlanta
 Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)15 February 2005Stockholm
 Linus Thörnblad (SWE)25 February 2007Gothenburg
 Gianmarco Tamberi (ITA)13 February 2016Hustopeče
 Danil Lysenko (RUS)29 January 2023Moscow[21]
21 2.37 m (7 ft 9+14 in) Artur Partyka (POL)3 February 1991Sulingen
 Dalton Grant (GBR)13 March 1994Paris
 Charles Austin (USA)1 March 1996Atlanta
 Vyacheslav Voronin (RUS)5 March 2005Glasgow
 Jaroslav Bába (CZE)5 February 2000Arnstadt
 Andrey Silnov (RUS)2 February 2008Arnstadt
 Maksim Nedasekau (BLR)7 March 2021Toruń

Annulled marks

The following athletes have had their personal best annulled due to doping offences:

Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
2.42 m (7 ft 11+14 in) Ivan Ukhov (RUS)25 February 2014Prague

Women (indoor)

Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
1 2.08 m (6 ft 9+34 in) Kajsa Bergqvist (SWE)4 February 2006Arnstadt
2 2.07 m (6 ft 9+14 in) Heike Henkel (GER)8 February 1992Karlsruhe
3 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)20 February 1988Athens
 Blanka Vlašić (CRO)6 February 2010Arnstadt
 Anna Chicherova (RUS)4 February 2012Arnstadt
 Yaroslava Mahuchikh (UKR)2 February 2021Banská Bystrica[22]
7 2.05 m (6 ft 8+12 in) Tia Hellebaut (BEL)3 March 2007Birmingham
 Ariane Friedrich (GER)15 February 2009Karlsruhe
 Mariya Lasitskene (RUS)9 February 2020Moscow
10 2.04 m (6 ft 8+14 in) Alina Astafei (GER)3 March 1995Berlin
 Yelena Slesarenko (RUS)7 March 2004Budapest
 Antonietta Di Martino (ITA)9 February 2011Banská Bystrica
13 2.03 m (6 ft 7+34 in) Tamara Bykova (URS)6 March 1983Budapest
 Monica Iagăr (ROU)23 January 1999Bucharest
 Marina Kuptsova (RUS)2 March 2002Vienna
16 2.02 m (6 ft 7+12 in) Susanne Beyer (GDR)8 March 1987Indianapolis
 Venelina Veneva-Mateeva (BUL)2 February 2002Łódź
 Yelena Yelesina (RUS)26 February 2003Moscow
2.02 m (6 ft 7+12 in) A Chaunte Lowe (USA)26 February 2012Albuquerque
2.02 m (6 ft 7+12 in) Kamila Lićwinko (POL)21 February 2015Toruń
21 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in) Gabriele Günz (GDR)31 January 1988Stuttgart
 Ioamnet Quintero (CUB)5 March 1993Berlin
 Tisha Waller (USA)28 February 1998Atlanta
 Ruth Beitia (ESP)24 February 2007Piraeus
 Vita Palamar (UKR)9 March 2008Valencia
 Irina Gordeeva (RUS)28 January 2009Cottbus
 Airinė Palšytė (LTU)4 March 2017Belgrade

Olympic medalists

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
Ellery Harding Clark
 United States
James Brendan Connolly
 United States
none awarded
Robert Garrett
 United States
1900 Paris
Irving Baxter
 United States
Patrick Leahy
 Great Britain
Lajos Gönczy
 Hungary
1904 St. Louis
Samuel Jones
 United States
Garrett Serviss
 United States
Paul Weinstein
 Germany
1908 London
Harry Porter
 United States
Géo André
 France
none awarded
Con Leahy
 Great Britain
István Somodi
 Hungary
1912 Stockholm
Alma Richards
 United States
Hans Liesche
 Germany
George Horine
 United States
1920 Antwerp
Richmond Landon
 United States
Harold Muller
 United States
Bo Ekelund
 Sweden
1924 Paris
Harold Osborn
 United States
Leroy Brown
 United States
Pierre Lewden
 France
1928 Amsterdam
Bob King
 United States
Benjamin Hedges
 United States
Claude Ménard
 France
1932 Los Angeles
Duncan McNaughton
 Canada
Bob Van Osdel
 United States
Simeon Toribio
 Philippines
1936 Berlin
Cornelius Johnson
 United States
Dave Albritton
 United States
Delos Thurber
 United States
1948 London
John Winter
 Australia
Bjørn Paulson
 Norway
George Stanich
 United States
1952 Helsinki
Walt Davis
 United States
Ken Wiesner
 United States
José da Conceição
 Brazil
1956 Melbourne
Charles Dumas
 United States
Chilla Porter
 Australia
Igor Kashkarov
 Soviet Union
1960 Rome
Robert Shavlakadze
 Soviet Union
Valeriy Brumel
 Soviet Union
John Thomas
 United States
1964 Tokyo
Valeriy Brumel
 Soviet Union
John Thomas
 United States
John Rambo
 United States
1968 Mexico City
Dick Fosbury
 United States
Ed Caruthers
 United States
Valentin Gavrilov
 Soviet Union
1972 Munich
Jüri Tarmak
 Soviet Union
Stefan Junge
 East Germany
Dwight Stones
 United States
1976 Montreal
Jacek Wszoła
 Poland
Greg Joy
 Canada
Dwight Stones
 United States
1980 Moscow
Gerd Wessig
 East Germany
Jacek Wszoła
 Poland
Jörg Freimuth
 East Germany
1984 Los Angeles
Dietmar Mögenburg
 West Germany
Patrik Sjöberg
 Sweden
Zhu Jianhua
 China
1988 Seoul
Hennadiy Avdyeyenko
 Soviet Union
Hollis Conway
 United States
Rudolf Povarnitsyn
 Soviet Union
Patrik Sjöberg
 Sweden
1992 Barcelona
Javier Sotomayor
 Cuba
Patrik Sjöberg
 Sweden
Hollis Conway
 United States
Tim Forsyth
 Australia
Artur Partyka
 Poland
1996 Atlanta
Charles Austin
 United States
Artur Partyka
 Poland
Steve Smith
 Great Britain
2000 Sydney
Sergey Klyugin
 Russia
Javier Sotomayor
 Cuba
Abderahmane Hammad
 Algeria
2004 Athens
Stefan Holm
 Sweden
Matt Hemingway
 United States
Jaroslav Bába
 Czech Republic
2008 Beijing
Andrey Silnov
 Russia
Germaine Mason
 Great Britain
Yaroslav Rybakov
 Russia
2012 London
Erik Kynard
 United States
Mutaz Essa Barshim
 Qatar
none awarded
Derek Drouin
 Canada
Robert Grabarz
 Great Britain
2016 Rio de Janeiro
Derek Drouin
 Canada
Mutaz Essa Barshim
 Qatar
Bohdan Bondarenko
 Ukraine
2020 Tokyo
Gianmarco Tamberi
 Italy
none awarded Maksim Nedasekau
 Belarus
Mutaz Essa Barshim
 Qatar
2024 Paris

Women

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam
Ethel Catherwood
 Canada
Lien Gisolf
 Netherlands
Mildred Wiley
 United States
1932 Los Angeles
Jean Shiley
 United States
Babe Didrikson
 United States
Eva Dawes
 Canada
1936 Berlin
Ibolya Csák
 Hungary
Dorothy Odam
 Great Britain
Elfriede Kaun
 Germany
1948 London
Alice Coachman
 United States
Dorothy Tyler
 Great Britain
Micheline Ostermeyer
 France
1952 Helsinki
Esther Brand
 South Africa
Sheile Lerwill
 Great Britain
Aleksandra Chudina
 Soviet Union
1956 Melbourne
Mildred McDaniel
 United States
Thelma Hopkins
 Great Britain
none awarded
Mariya Pisareva
 Soviet Union
1960 Rome
Iolanda Balaș
 Romania
Jarosława Jóźwiakowska
 Poland
none awarded
Dorothy Shirley
 Great Britain
1964 Tokyo
Iolanda Balaș
 Romania
Michele Brown
 Australia
Taisia Chenchik
 Soviet Union
1968 Mexico City
Miloslava Rezková
 Czechoslovakia
Antonina Okorokova
 Soviet Union
Valentina Kozyr
 Soviet Union
1972 Munich
Ulrike Meyfarth
 West Germany
Yordanka Blagoeva
 Bulgaria
Ilona Gusenbauer
 Austria
1976 Montreal
Rosemarie Ackermann
 East Germany
Sara Simeoni
 Italy
Yordanka Blagoeva
 Bulgaria
1980 Moscow
Sara Simeoni
 Italy
Urszula Kielan
 Poland
Jutta Kirst
 East Germany
1984 Los Angeles
Ulrike Meyfarth
 West Germany
Sara Simeoni
 Italy
Joni Huntley
 United States
1988 Seoul
Louise Ritter
 United States
Stefka Kostadinova
 Bulgaria
Tamara Bykova
 Soviet Union
1992 Barcelona
Heike Henkel
 Germany
Alina Astafei
 Romania
Ioamnet Quintero
 Cuba
1996 Atlanta
Stefka Kostadinova
 Bulgaria
Niki Bakoyianni
 Greece
Inha Babakova
 Ukraine
2000 Sydney
Yelena Yelesina
 Russia
Hestrie Cloete
 South Africa
Kajsa Bergqvist
 Sweden
Oana Pantelimon
 Romania
2004 Athens
Yelena Slesarenko
 Russia
Hestrie Cloete
 South Africa
Vita Styopina
 Ukraine
2008 Beijing
Tia Hellebaut
 Belgium
Blanka Vlašić
 Croatia
Chaunté Howard
 United States
2012 London
Anna Chicherova
 Russia
Brigetta Barrett
 United States
Ruth Beitia
 Spain
2016 Rio de Janeiro
Ruth Beitia
 Spain
Mirela Demireva
 Bulgaria
Blanka Vlašić
 Croatia
2020 Tokyo
Mariya Lasitskene
 ROC
Nicola McDermott
 Australia
Yaroslava Mahuchikh
 Ukraine
2024 Paris

World Championships medalists

Men

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
 Hennadiy Avdyeyenko (URS)  Tyke Peacock (USA)  Zhu Jianhua (CHN)
1987 Rome
 Patrik Sjöberg (SWE)  Hennadiy Avdyeyenko (URS)
 Igor Paklin (URS)
none awarded
1991 Tokyo
 Charles Austin (USA)  Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Hollis Conway (USA)
1993 Stuttgart
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Artur Partyka (POL)  Steve Smith (GBR)
1995 Gothenburg
 Troy Kemp (BAH)  Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Artur Partyka (POL)
1997 Athens
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Artur Partyka (POL)  Tim Forsyth (AUS)
1999 Seville
 Vyacheslav Voronin (RUS)  Mark Boswell (CAN)  Martin Buß (GER)
2001 Edmonton
 Martin Buß (GER)  Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)
 Vyacheslav Voronin (RUS)
none awarded
2003 Saint-Denis
 Jacques Freitag (RSA)  Stefan Holm (SWE)  Mark Boswell (CAN)
2005 Helsinki
 Yuriy Krymarenko (UKR)  Víctor Moya (CUB)
 Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)
none awarded
2007 Osaka
 Donald Thomas (BAH)  Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)  Kyriakos Ioannou (CYP)
2009 Berlin
 Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)  Kyriakos Ioannou (CYP)  Sylwester Bednarek (POL)
 Raúl Spank (GER)
2011 Daegu
 Jesse Williams (USA)  Aleksey Dmitrik (RUS)  Trevor Barry (BAH)
2013 Moscow
 Bohdan Bondarenko (UKR)  Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)  Derek Drouin (CAN)
2015 Beijing
 Derek Drouin (CAN)  Bohdan Bondarenko (UKR)
 Zhang Guowei (CHN)
none awarded
2017 London
 Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)  Danil Lysenko (ANA)  Majd Eddin Ghazal (SYR)
2019 Doha
 Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)  Mikhail Akimenko (ANA)  Ilya Ivanyuk (ANA)
2022 Eugene
 Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)  Woo Sang-hyeok (KOR)  Andriy Protsenko (UKR)
2023 Budapest
 Gianmarco Tamberi (ITA)  JuVaughn Harrison (USA)  Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)

Medal table

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Qatar (QAT)3115
2 Russia (RUS)2507
3 Cuba (CUB)2305
4 United States (USA)2215
5 Ukraine (UKR)2114
6 Bahamas (BAH)2013
7 Soviet Union (URS)1203
8 Canada (CAN)1124
9 Sweden (SWE)1102
10 Germany (GER)1023
11 Italy (ITA)1001
 South Africa (RSA)1001
13 Poland (POL)0224
 Authorised Neutral Athletes (ANA)0213
14 China (CHN)0112
 Cyprus (CYP)0112
16 South Korea (KOR)0101
17 Australia (AUS)0011
 Great Britain (GBR)0011
 Syria (SYR)0011
Totals (19 entries)19231658

Women

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
 Tamara Bykova (URS)  Ulrike Meyfarth (FRG)  Louise Ritter (USA)
1987 Rome
 Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)  Tamara Bykova (URS)  Susanne Beyer (GDR)
1991 Tokyo
 Heike Henkel (GER)  Yelena Yelesina (URS)  Inha Babakova (URS)
1993 Stuttgart
 Ioamnet Quintero (CUB)  Silvia Costa (CUB)  Sigrid Kirchmann (AUT)
1995 Gothenburg
 Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)  Alina Astafei (GER)  Inha Babakova (UKR)
1997 Athens
 Hanne Haugland (NOR)  Inha Babakova (UKR)
 Olga Kaliturina (RUS)
none awarded
1999 Seville
 Inha Babakova (UKR)  Yelena Yelesina (RUS)  Svetlana Lapina (RUS)
2001 Edmonton
 Hestrie Cloete (RSA)  Inha Babakova (UKR)  Kajsa Bergqvist (SWE)
2003 Saint-Denis
 Hestrie Cloete (RSA)  Marina Kuptsova (RUS)  Kajsa Bergqvist (SWE)
2005 Helsinki
 Kajsa Bergqvist (SWE)  Chaunté Howard (USA)  Emma Green (SWE)
2007 Osaka
 Blanka Vlašić (CRO)  Anna Chicherova (RUS)
 Antonietta Di Martino (ITA)
none awarded
2009 Berlin
 Blanka Vlašić (CRO)  Ariane Friedrich (GER)  Antonietta Di Martino (ITA)
2011 Daegu
 Anna Chicherova (RUS)  Blanka Vlašić (CRO)  Antonietta Di Martino (ITA)
2013 Moscow
 Brigetta Barrett (USA)  Anna Chicherova (RUS)
 Ruth Beitia (ESP)
none awarded
2015 Beijing
 Mariya Kuchina (RUS)  Blanka Vlašić (CRO)  Anna Chicherova (RUS)
2017 London
 Mariya Lasitskene (ANA)  Yuliya Levchenko (UKR)  Kamila Lićwinko (POL)
2019 Doha
 Mariya Lasitskene (ANA)  Yaroslava Mahuchikh (UKR)  Vashti Cunningham (USA)
2022 Eugene
 Eleanor Patterson (AUS)  Yaroslava Mahuchikh (UKR)  Elena Vallortigara (ITA)
2023 Budapest
 Yaroslava Mahuchikh (UKR)  Eleanor Patterson (AUS)  Nicola Olyslagers (AUS)

World Indoor Championships medalists

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1985 Paris[A]
 Patrik Sjöberg (SWE)  Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Othmane Belfaa (ALG)
1987 Indianapolis
 Igor Paklin (URS)  Hennadiy Avdyeyenko (URS)  Ján Zvara (TCH)
1989 Budapest
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Dietmar Mögenburg (FRG)  Patrik Sjöberg (SWE)
1991 Seville
 Hollis Conway (USA)  Artur Partyka (POL)  Javier Sotomayor (CUB)
 Aleksey Yemelin (URS)
1993 Toronto
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Patrik Sjöberg (SWE)  Steve Smith (GBR)
1995 Barcelona
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Labros Papakostas (GRE)  Tony Barton (USA)
1997 Paris
 Charles Austin (USA)  Labros Papakostas (GRE)  Dragutin Topić (FRY)
1999 Maebashi
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)  Vyacheslav Voronin (RUS)  Charles Austin (USA)
2001 Lisbon
 Stefan Holm (SWE)  Andriy Sokolovskyy (UKR)  Staffan Strand (SWE)
2003 Birmingham
 Stefan Holm (SWE)  Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)  Henadz Maroz (BLR)
2004 Budapest
 Stefan Holm (SWE)  Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)  Ștefan Vasilache (ROU)
 Germaine Mason (JAM)
 Jaroslav Bába (CZE)
2006 Moscow
 Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)  Andrey Tereshin (RUS)  Linus Thörnblad (SWE)
2008 Valencia
 Stefan Holm (SWE)  Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)  Kyriakos Ioannou (CYP)
 Andra Manson (USA)
2010 Doha
 Ivan Ukhov (RUS)  Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)  Dusty Jonas (USA)
2012 Istanbul
 Dimitrios Chondrokoukis (GRE)  Andrey Silnov (RUS)  Ivan Ukhov (RUS)
2014 Sopot
 Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)  Ivan Ukhov (RUS)  Andriy Protsenko (UKR)
2016 Portland
 Gianmarco Tamberi (ITA)  Robert Grabarz (GBR)  Erik Kynard (USA)
2018 Birmingham
 Danil Lysenko (ANA)  Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)  Mateusz Przybylko (GER)

Women

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1985 Paris[A]
 Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)  Susanne Lorentzon (SWE)  Debbie Brill (CAN)
 Danuta Bułkowska (POL)
 Silvia Costa (CUB)
1987 Indianapolis
 Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)  Susanne Beyer (GDR)  Emilia Dragieva (BUL)
1989 Budapest
 Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)  Tamara Bykova (URS)  Heike Redetzky (FRG)
1991 Seville
 Heike Henkel (GER)  Tamara Bykova (URS)  Heike Balck (GER)
1993 Toronto
 Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)  Heike Henkel (GER)  Inha Babakova (UKR)
1995 Barcelona
 Alina Astafei (GER)  Britta Bilač (SLO)  Heike Henkel (GER)
1997 Paris
 Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)  Inha Babakova (UKR)  Hanne Haugland (NOR)
1999 Maebashi
 Khristina Kalcheva (BUL)  Zuzana Hlavoňová (CZE)  Tisha Waller (USA)
2001 Lisbon
 Kajsa Bergqvist (SWE)  Inha Babakova (UKR)  Venelina Veneva (BUL)
2003 Birmingham
 Kajsa Bergqvist (SWE)  Yelena Yelesina (RUS)  Anna Chicherova (RUS)
2004 Budapest
 Yelena Slesarenko (RUS)  Anna Chicherova (RUS)  Blanka Vlašić (CRO)
2006 Moscow
 Yelena Slesarenko (RUS)  Blanka Vlašić (CRO)  Ruth Beitia (ESP)
2008 Valencia
 Blanka Vlašić (CRO)  Yelena Slesarenko (RUS)  Vita Palamar (UKR)
2010 Doha
 Blanka Vlašić (CRO)  Ruth Beitia (ESP)  Chaunté Lowe (USA)
2012 Istanbul
 Chaunté Lowe (USA)  Antonietta Di Martino (ITA)
 Anna Chicherova (RUS)
 Ebba Jungmark (SWE)
none awarded
2014 Sopot
 Mariya Kuchina (RUS)
 Kamila Lićwinko (POL)
none awarded  Ruth Beitia (ESP)
2016 Portland
 Vashti Cunningham (USA)  Ruth Beitia (ESP)  Kamila Lićwinko (POL)
2018 Birmingham
 Mariya Lasitskene (ANA)  Vashti Cunningham (USA)  Alessia Trost (ITA)
2022 Belgrade
 Yaroslava Mahuchikh (UKR)  Eleanor Patterson (AUS)  Nadezhda Dubovitskaya (KAZ)
  • A Known as the World Indoor Games.

Athletes with most medals

Athletes who have won multiple titles at the two most important competitions, the Olympic Games and the World Championships:

  • 4 wins: Mariya Lasitskene (RUS) - Olympic Champion in 2020, World Champion in 2015, 2017 & 2019
  • 4 wins: Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT) - Olympic Champion in 2020, World Champion in 2017, 2019 & 2022
  • 3 wins: Javier Sotomayor (CUB) - Olympic Champion in 1992, World Champion in 1993 & 1997
  • 3 wins: Stefka Kostadinova (BUL) - Olympic Champion in 1996, World Champion in 1987 & 1995
  • 2 wins: Gennadiy Avdeyenko (URS) - Olympic Champion in 1988, World Champion in 1983
  • 2 wins: Charles Austin (USA) - Olympic Champion in 1996, World Champion in 1991
  • 2 wins: Iolanda Balaș (ROU) - Olympic Champion in 1960 & 1964
  • 2 wins: Ulrike Meyfarth (FRG) - Olympic Champion in 1972 & 1984
  • 2 wins: Heike Henkel (GER) - Olympic Champion in 1992, World Champion in 1991
  • 2 wins: Hestrie Cloete (RSA) - World Champion in 2001 & 2003
  • 2 wins: Blanka Vlašić (CRO) - World Champion in 2007 & 2009
  • 2 wins: Anna Chicherova (RUS) - Olympic Champion in 2012, World Champion in 2011
  • 2 wins: Gianmarco Tamberi (ITA) - Olympic Champion in 2020, World Champion in 2023

Kostadinova and Sotomayor are the only high jumpers to have been Olympic Champion, World Champion and broken the world record.

Season's bests

See also

Sources

References

  1. "Competition Rules 2010-2011; In Force as from 1st November 2009" (PDF). International Association of Athletics Federations. p. 168; Rule 181 §§ 8, 9 [note marginal change lines]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-11.; Locteau, Sebastien (4 December 2009). "IAAF Technical Rule Changes 2009/2010". RunIreland.com. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  2. "C2.1: Technical Rulesv (In force from 1 November 2019 and amended on 31 January 2020*)". Book of Rules. World Athletics. pp. 59–65.
  3. Admin, Runnerstribe (2022-08-19). "If The 'Flop' Had Flopped Would We Be Seeing The Brill Bend? - A Column by Len Johnson". Runner's Tribe. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  4. CoachR. "The HIGH JUMP". www.coachr.org. Archived from the original on 2017-03-30. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
  5. "The High Jump Approach - Training Article". Archived from the original on November 23, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
  6. "High Jump Technique and Training". Archived from the original on November 23, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
  7. Rosenbaum, Mike (27 October 2017). "Illustrated High Jump Technique". Liveabout.com. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  8. High Jump - men - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
  9. High Jump - women - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
  10. High Jump - men - senior - indoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
  11. High Jump - women - senior - indoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
  12. "Justin Gatlin rolls back the years as tyro Barshim basks". zeenews.india.com. 6 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  13. "High Jump Results". IAAF. 14 June 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  14. "High Jump Results". Diamond League - Lausanne. 3 July 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  15. "High Jump Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  16. "High Jump Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  17. Bob Ramsak (20 June 2019). "Miller-Uibo breaks 300m world best, Lasitskene tops 2.06m and Kirt joins 90-metre club in Ostrava". IAAF. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  18. "High Jump Result" (PDF). sportresult.com. 8 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  19. Jon Mulkeen (2 September 2022). "Krop, Mahuchikh and Winger bounce back in Brussels with world-leading marks". World Athletics. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  20. "High Jump Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 17 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  21. "Athletics 'Battle Of The Sexes' Brought Lyssenko To Victory Over Lasitskene: 'I Didn't Wait'". easternherald.com. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  22. "High Jump Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
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