Lüliang

Lüliang (simplified Chinese: 吕梁; traditional Chinese: 呂梁; pinyin: Lǚliáng), also spelled as Lvliang[2] or Lyuliang, is a prefecture-level city in the western Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It borders Shaanxi province across the Yellow River to the west, Jinzhong and the provincial capital of Taiyuan to the east, Linfen to the south, and Xinzhou to the north. It has a total area of 21,143 square kilometres (8,163 sq mi) and a total population of 3,398,431 inhabitants according to the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 456,355 lived in the Lishi District metropolitan area.

For other uses, see Luliang (disambiguation).
Lüliang
吕梁市
Lvliang, Lyuliang
Prefecture-level city
Location of Lüliang City jurisdiction in Shanxi
Location of Lüliang City jurisdiction in Shanxi
Lüliang is located in Shanxi
Lüliang
Lüliang
Location of the city centre in Shanxi
Coordinates (Lüliang municipal government): 37°31′08″N 111°08′40″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShanxi
County-level divisions1 District
2 county-level cities
10 counties
Municipal seatLishi District
Government
 • TypePrefecture-level city
 • CPC Lvliang SecretaryGao Weidong (高卫东)
 • MayorDing Xuefeng (丁雪峰)
Area
 • Prefecture-level city21,143 km2 (8,163 sq mi)
 • Urban
1,323 km2 (511 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,323 km2 (511 sq mi)
Elevation
952 m (3,123 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
 • Prefecture-level city3,398,431
 • Density160/km2 (420/sq mi)
 • Urban
456,355
 • Urban density340/km2 (890/sq mi)
 • Metro
456,355
 • Metro density340/km2 (890/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
033000
Area code0358
ISO 3166 codeCN-SX-11
Licence plates晋J
Administrative division code141100
Websitewww.lvliang.gov.cn

History

Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region,[3] the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as a Prefecture-level area, and in July 2004 the area Lüliang was reformed into a Prefecture-level city.

In 2010, the city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the time, prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, strongly supported by then-mayor Zhang Zhongsheng. However, in 2014, the GDP declined by 2%, and by 2015, due to a slowing economy, plans in Lüliang stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. Zhongsheng lost his job due to corruption in 2015, and was sentenced to death in 2021 on bribery charges, with a 2-year reprieve.[4][5]

In July 2021, following a Chinese government crackdown on Abrahamic religions in China, Christian church minister Zhao Weikai was arrested and charged with "illegal holding of materials promoting terrorism and extremism" by the municipal police and was forbidden from meeting with his legal council. This incident was used by various human rights groups as an example of religious persecution by the Chinese Communist Party.[6]

The Chinese-American reproductive biologist Min Chueh Chang was born in Lüliang in 1908.

Administration

Lüliang has direct jurisdiction over 1 district, 2 county-level cities, and 10 counties:

Map
# Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population (2010 census)[7] Area (km²) Density (/km²)
1 Lishi District 离石区 Líshí Qū 320,142 1,323 242
2 Xiaoyi City 孝义市 Xiàoyì Shì 468,770 934 502
3 Fenyang City 汾阳市 Fényáng Shì 416,212 1,173 355
4 Wenshui County 文水县 Wénshuǐ Xiàn 421,199 1,069 394
5 Zhongyang County 中阳县 Zhōngyáng Xiàn 141,374 1,435 98
6 Xing County 兴县 Xīng Xiàn 279,373 3,164 88
7 Lin County 临县 Lín Xiàn 579,077 2,979 194
8 Fangshan County 方山县 Fāngshān Xiàn 143,809 1,433 100
9 Liulin County 柳林县 Liǔlín Xiàn 320,676 1,288 249
10 Lan County 岚县 Lán Xiàn 174,182 1,509 115
11 Jiaokou County 交口县 Jiāokǒu Xiàn 119,918 1,258 95
12 Jiaocheng County 交城县 Jiāochéng Xiàn 230,521 1,821 126
13 Shilou County 石楼县 Shílóu Xiàn 111,815 1,736 64

Climate

Lüliang has a monsoon-influenced continental climate, that, under the Köppen climate classification, falls on the borderline between the semi-arid (Köppen BSk) and humid continental (Dwa) regimes, and features large diurnal temperature variation. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) in January to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 9.5 °C (49.1 °F). Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September.

Climate data for Lüliang (Lishi District, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0)		 22.7
(72.9)		 29.8
(85.6)		 35.5
(95.9)		 36.7
(98.1)		 40.6
(105.1)		 39.8
(103.6)		 37.2
(99.0)		 36.2
(97.2)		 29.4
(84.9)		 24.1
(75.4)		 16.7
(62.1)		 40.6
(105.1)
Average high °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3)		 5.7
(42.3)		 12.6
(54.7)		 20.1
(68.2)		 25.6
(78.1)		 29.6
(85.3)		 30.6
(87.1)		 28.5
(83.3)		 23.6
(74.5)		 17.2
(63.0)		 9.4
(48.9)		 2.1
(35.8)		 17.1
(62.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 5.2
(41.4)		 12.5
(54.5)		 18.2
(64.8)		 22.5
(72.5)		 24.1
(75.4)		 22.2
(72.0)		 16.9
(62.4)		 10.0
(50.0)		 2.5
(36.5)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 10.2
(50.3)
Average low °C (°F) −11.4
(11.5)		 −7.0
(19.4)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 5.6
(42.1)		 11.1
(52.0)		 15.9
(60.6)		 18.7
(65.7)		 17.2
(63.0)		 11.7
(53.1)		 4.7
(40.5)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 4.5
(40.1)
Record low °C (°F) −26.0
(−14.8)		 −23.9
(−11.0)		 −16.1
(3.0)		 −9.6
(14.7)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 4.2
(39.6)		 10.2
(50.4)		 6.6
(43.9)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 −8.7
(16.3)		 −20.0
(−4.0)		 −24.9
(−12.8)		 −26.0
(−14.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.8
(0.11)		 6.0
(0.24)		 11.9
(0.47)		 26.4
(1.04)		 35.7
(1.41)		 52.1
(2.05)		 110.6
(4.35)		 115.1
(4.53)		 72.7
(2.86)		 36.1
(1.42)		 16.7
(0.66)		 2.8
(0.11)		 488.9
(19.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.5 3.1 4.0 5.7 6.7 8.5 12 11.4 9.0 6.7 4.5 2.2 76.3
Average snowy days 3.2 3.5 2.1 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 2.0 3.3 14.7
Average relative humidity (%) 55 51 45 42 44 52 65 70 70 66 61 56 56
Mean monthly sunshine hours 168.3 162.8 202.7 228.7 249.9 230.0 214.1 205.1 190.7 189.9 174.9 168.2 2,385.3
Percent possible sunshine 55 53 54 58 57 52 48 49 52 55 58 57 54
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9]
Source 2: Weather China[10]

Transportation

References
  1. "China: Shānxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. Because of the relative difficulty in inputting the umlauted ü, the name Lvliang is often used in government websites and road signages.
  3. Lvliang City, "Overview of Luliang" Retrieved on August 13, 2023.
  4. Langfitt, Frank. "A 'Sense Of Crisis' Now In A Chinese Boomtown Gone Bust" (Archive).National Public Radio. September 16, 2015. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.
  5. "Death penalty for Chinese 'godfather' over US$160 million in bribes". South China Morning Post. 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  6. "Two hostile Lüliang City procuratorates present obstacles to Lawyer Fang Xiangui meeting with Minister Zhao Weikai". China Aid. 31 July 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  7. "Lǚliáng Shì (Shānxī) (China): Cities, Districts and Counties & Townships - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  8. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  9. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  10. 吕梁 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese (China)). Weather China. Retrieved 2011-12-21.
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