Shaoyang

Shaoyang (simplified Chinese: 邵阳; traditional Chinese: 邵陽; pinyin: Shàoyáng), formerly named Baoqing (Paoking) (Chinese: 宝庆), is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Hunan province, China, bordering Guangxi to the south. It has a history of 2500 years and remains an important commercial and transportation city in Hunan. As of the 2020 Chinese census, its total population was 6,563,520 inhabitants, of whom 1,415,173 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts and Xinshao County largely conurbated.

Shaoyang
邵阳市
Paoking
The River God Temple (水府庙)
The River God Temple (水府庙)
Location of Shaoyang City jurisdiction in Hunan
Location of Shaoyang City jurisdiction in Hunan
Shaoyang is located in Hunan
Shaoyang
Shaoyang
Location of the city centre in Hunan
Coordinates (Shaoyang municipal government): 27°14′22″N 111°28′04″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHunan
County-level divisions
  • 3 districts
  • 1 county-level city
  • 7 counties
  • 1 autonomous county
Township-level divisions
  • 21 subdistricts
  • 97 towns
  • 78 townships
  • 21 ethnic townships
Village-level divisions
  • 335 residential communities
  • 5,551 villages
Municipal seatDaxiang District
Area
  Prefecture-level city20,829.63 km2 (8,042.37 sq mi)
  Urban
436.0 km2 (168.3 sq mi)
  Metro
2,199 km2 (849 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
  Prefecture-level city6,563,520
  Density320/km2 (820/sq mi)
  Urban
802,230
  Urban density1,800/km2 (4,800/sq mi)
  Metro
1,415,173
  Metro density640/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
422000
Area code0739
ISO 3166 codeCN-HN-05
Licence plate prefixes湘E
Administrative division code430500

One of the major forest areas in Hunan, Shaoyang has a forest coverage of 42.7%. The 23,000,000-acre (93,000 km2) NanShan Pastures is one of the biggest in South Central China and provide dairy products and meat for Hunanese.

Shaoyang is home to Shaoyang University. The school is composed of the former Shaoyang Normal College and Shaoyang College.

The Shaoyang dialect of Lou Shao group of dialects of Xiang is generally spoken here.

History

During the later Spring and Autumn period, official Bai Shan (白善) of Chu used to construct a city named Baigong (白公城) in Shaoyang. After the First emperor of Qin reunited China, Shaoyang was under jurisdiction of Changsha Commandery, one of thirty-six Commandery in the empire. Under the Eastern Han dynasty, Shaoyang was administered by Linling Commandery. During the Three Kingdoms era, northern part of Linling including today Shaoyang city was divided from it and designated new Zhaoling commandery (昭陵). Following Western Jin reunited Wu in 280 (or first year of Taikang era), emperor Wu changed the Commandery's name Zhaoling to Shaoling (邵陵) to avoid taboo of his father (Sima Zhao, 司马昭). Under the Southern Song period, Shao Prefecture was renamed and promoted Baoqing-fu by Lizong, whom used to take charge of Shao Prefecture defender (邵州防御使) when he was prince. The term "Baoqing" was used until 17 years of Republic of China (1928), when it was renamed Shaoyang County. After communist won Chinese Civil War, Shaoyang city was established in 1950.[2]

Climate

Shaoyang has a monsoon-influenced, four-season humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with cool, damp winters, and hot, humid summers. Winter begins relatively dry but not sunny and becomes progressively damper and cloudier; spring brings both the most frequent and heaviest rain of the year. Summer is comparatively sunny, while autumn is somewhat dry. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures ranges from 5.2 °C (41.4 °F) in January to 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 17.05 °C (62.7 °F). The annual precipitation is about 1,340 mm (53 in).

Climate data for Shaoyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 24.3
(75.7)
28.9
(84.0)
35.9
(96.6)
34.5
(94.1)
36.2
(97.2)
37.4
(99.3)
39.5
(103.1)
38.6
(101.5)
37.1
(98.8)
35.3
(95.5)
33.0
(91.4)
24.6
(76.3)
39.5
(103.1)
Average high °C (°F) 9.0
(48.2)
11.7
(53.1)
16.0
(60.8)
22.4
(72.3)
26.7
(80.1)
29.6
(85.3)
32.8
(91.0)
32.5
(90.5)
28.8
(83.8)
23.3
(73.9)
17.8
(64.0)
11.7
(53.1)
21.9
(71.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1)
7.9
(46.2)
11.8
(53.2)
17.7
(63.9)
22.2
(72.0)
25.5
(77.9)
28.2
(82.8)
27.6
(81.7)
24.0
(75.2)
18.7
(65.7)
13.2
(55.8)
7.7
(45.9)
17.5
(63.5)
Average low °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6)
5.2
(41.4)
8.8
(47.8)
14.3
(57.7)
18.7
(65.7)
22.4
(72.3)
24.6
(76.3)
24.1
(75.4)
20.6
(69.1)
15.3
(59.5)
9.8
(49.6)
4.7
(40.5)
14.3
(57.7)
Record low °C (°F) −10.5
(13.1)
−6.0
(21.2)
−0.6
(30.9)
2.2
(36.0)
9.6
(49.3)
14.1
(57.4)
18.1
(64.6)
18.5
(65.3)
12.2
(54.0)
3.2
(37.8)
−1.6
(29.1)
−6.9
(19.6)
−10.5
(13.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 67.7
(2.67)
70.7
(2.78)
132.7
(5.22)
136.2
(5.36)
181.9
(7.16)
203.8
(8.02)
147.4
(5.80)
124.1
(4.89)
63.3
(2.49)
68.2
(2.69)
70.2
(2.76)
51.7
(2.04)
1,317.9
(51.88)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 14.5 14.1 17.9 16.3 15.9 14.8 11.0 11.8 8.2 10.1 10.9 11.0 156.5
Average snowy days 4.9 3.2 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 10.2
Average relative humidity (%) 78 79 80 79 79 82 76 76 75 75 76 74 77
Mean monthly sunshine hours 60.4 61.3 79.7 111.4 135.8 139.5 224.5 204.8 149.2 124.5 114.8 93.4 1,499.3
Percent possible sunshine 18 19 21 29 32 34 53 51 41 35 36 29 33
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[3][4]
Source 2: Weather China[5]

Administrative divisions

Map including Shaoyang (labeled as SHAO-YANG (PAOKING) (Walled) 邵陽) (AMS, 1954)

Shaoyang administers three districts, two county-level cities, six counties, and one autonomous county.

Districts:

County-level City:

Counties:

Autonomous county:

Map

Demographics

According to the Sixth National Census in 2010, Shaoyang's permanent residence population of 7,071,741 ranked it 2nd out of 14 prefecture-level divisions of Hunan; the male-female ratio was 107.95 to 100. Educational attainment levels were as follows: 4.49% bachelor's or higher, 60.01% middle school (初中) or higher, and the illiteracy rate was 3.24%. There were 1,950,605 households in which 6,913,913 resided, forming 97.77% of the provincial population and resulting in an average of 3.54 persons/household. Age distribution was as follows: 1,512,664 (21.39%) ≤14 years, 4,862,468 (68.76%) 15−64 years, 696,609 (9.85%) 65+ years.

Shaoyang administrative and population data
Division Area[6]
(km2)
Permanent residents[7]
(2010 Census)
Hukou permits[8]
(late 2009)
Divisions[9]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Including
ethnic
townships
Residential
communities
Villages
SHAOYANG CITY20,829.637,071,7417,705,957219799213355551
Shuangqing District 137.08307,980270,4586245463
Daxiang District 214.66340,605309,7526244481
Beita District 84.39104,60987,714231440
Shaodong city 1,776.38896,6251,260,966316933977
Xinshao County 1,762.97743,073764,90511428652
Shaoyang County 1,996.88915,600999,148121023633
Longhui County 2,871.161,095,3921,156,9171511241964
Dongkou County 2184.01770,473833,0031012323566
Suining County 2,898.89351,139363,7406191414348
Xinning County 2,751.31560,742607,05599215474
Chengbu Miao Autonomous County 2,619.76250,633267,9216521271
Wugang City 1,532.15734,870784,37848925482

Government

The current CPC Party Secretary of Shaoyang is Gong Congmi and the current Mayor is Liu Shiqing.

Transportation

Railway

Shaoyang has four main railway station: Shaoyang Railway Station (邵阳火车站) (Fast Train, K and Highspeed train, G), Shaoyang Railway Station (邵阳北老火车站) (Old, North, Freight), Shaodong railway station (Fast Train, K and Highspeed train, G) and Shaoyang North railway station, in Xinshao County (Highspeed train, G and D). The Loudi–Shaoyang railway and Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway pass through Shaoyang.

Airport

Shaoyang Wugang Airport was opened on 28 June 2017.[10] It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of Wugang, a county-level city under the administration of Shaoyang, and 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the urban center of Shaoyang.[10]

The airport has a 2,600-meter runway and a 3,000-square-meter terminal building. It is projected to handle 250,000 passengers and 500 tons of cargo annually by 2020.[11]

Economy

2011 Shaoyang GDP figures[12]
(GDP in millions CNY/USD; per capita GDP in CNY)
DivisionRMBUSDPurchasing power
(USD)
Growth (%)Percentage (%)Per capita GDP
SHAOYANG CITY90,72314,04621,74013.210012,797
City proper18,3082,8354,38720.18
Shuangqing District8,175.091,265.731,959.0012.69.01
Daxiang District8,063.651,248.471,932.2915.28.89
Beita District2,069.27320.38495.8615.12.2819,698
Outlying76,35811,82218,29884.17
Shaodong County20,220.003,130.614,845.3214.422.2922,299
Xinshao County7,429.811,150.341,780.4113.68.199,998
Shaoyang County8,108.551,255.431,943.0512.28.947,796
Longhui County9,332.001,444.852,236.2311.610.298,499
Dongkou County9,012.001,395.312,159.5512.69.9311,784
Suining County5,018.45776.991,202.5712.25.53
Xinning County5,307.47821.741,271.8311.75.859,425
Chengbu County2,320.63359.30556.0911.52.569,238
Wugang City7,932.571,228.181,900.8813.88.7410,746

Although it is, by 2010 Census permanent resident population, the second-largest prefecture-level division of Hunan, its GDP (4.62% of provincial output) places it ninth within the province, making it an archetypal example of a large-population, relatively backwards-economy city. The GDP per capita of 12,797 CNY is the lowest in the province, and is only 42.9% of the provincial average, 36.5% of the national average, and 78% of even Guizhou's corresponding figure.[12] Primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors respectively accounted for 23.9%, 38.2%, and 37.9% of the economy.

Noted residents

Twin cities

References

  1. "China: Húnán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. "历史渊源" [History trace of Shaoyang]. Government of Shaoyang. 2022-08-12. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  3. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  4. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  5. 邵阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  6. 《邵阳市土地利用总体规划(2006-2020年)》
  7. 《邵阳市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报》
  8. 《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2009》
  9. 《中国民政统计年鉴2011》
  10. 武冈机场通航,邵阳新添空中走廊. Sina. 29 June 2017.
  11. 新建湖南邵阳武冈机场获批复 投资9.57亿元 (in Chinese). Carnoc. 2013-08-09. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
  12. 2011年度各区县市统计公报. Shaoyang Statistical Bureau. Archived 2009-01-06 at the Wayback Machine). 2011 conversion from CNY to USD according to the-then exchange rate of 6.4588 CNY/1 USD, purchasing power based on an April 2012 report that used an exchange rate of 4.1731 CNY/1Geary–Khamis dollar (Intl. $).
  13. Pearson, George. "Snapshots of China: Shaoyang Hospital, Hunan (1946)". Youtube. BFI National Archive. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  14. Council, British. "Justin Hill". British Council. British Council. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
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