Siberian Finnish

Siberian Finnish or Korlaka is the form of Finnish spoken in Siberia by the Siberian Finns. Siberian Finnish is an umbrella name, this name refers to at least two languages/dialects.

Siberian Finnish
Korlakan kieli
Native toSiberia
EthnicitySiberian Finns
Native speakers
A few older people
Uralic
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Siberian Finnish map
Siberian Ingrian Finnish
suomen kiel', mejjen kiel', oma kiel'
Native toSiberia
EthnicitySiberian Finns
Uralic
  • Finnic
    • Northern Finnic
      • Finnish and Ingrian
        • Lower Luga Finnish and Lower Luga Ingrian
          • Siberian Ingrian Finnish
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologsibe1253

The first language is a Lower Luga Ingrian Finnish – Lower Luga Ingrian (Izhorian) mixed language.[1][2] The ancestors of the speakers of this language migrated from the Lower Luga area (more exactly Rosona river area, Yamburgsky Uyezd of the Saint Petersburg Governorate) to Siberia in 1803–1804. The academic name for this language: Siberian Ingrian Finnish (Russian: Сибирский ингерманландский идиом),[1][2] native speakers call this language as follows: suomen kiel', mejjen kiel', oma kiel'. Most native speakers (at the time of 2022) of this language live in Ryzhkovo village, as well as near Ryzhkovo, in Omsk and in Tallinn (Estonia).

The second Finnish language in Siberia is a language spoken by the descendants of exiles from the Grand Duchy of Finland and repressed people of Finnish ethnic origin during the Soviet period.[1] This language is close to standard Finnish (probably based on Eastern Finnish dialects and has borrowings from Estonian and Russian). Several native speakers of this language live in Omsk, and a few isolated native speakers of this language live in other settlements of the Omsk Region (Orlovka, probably Ivanovka and Kovalevo).

Siberian Finnish differs depending on the background of the speaker and their education level. Most speakers of Siberian Finnish are old and the Finnish skills of the Siberian Finns are being lost.[3]

Some speakers of Siberian Finns have lived in Ryzhkovo, Orlovka, Bugene (another name for this village is "Finy" (Russian: Фины), this village has not been inhabited since about 2010), and Ivanovka.[4]

The History of Studying Siberian Finnish

Vieno Zlobina suspected high influence from Siberian Estonians in Siberian Finnish, however Ruben Erik Nirvi theorized that the similar features came before going into Siberia, such as the comitative ending -kä/ka.[5][6] Estonian scientists (Juri Viikberg,[5] Anu Korb, Aivar Jürgenson) had conducted large-scale studies devoted to the Siberian Estonians. During these expeditions, they discovered complex interactions between Finnish-speaking ethnic groups and the groups in which they (Estonian and Finnish ethnic and linguistic components) were in interaction with. Daria Sidorkevich from the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences researched and documented the Siberian Ingrian Finnish language in 2008 - 2014. A Ph.D. thesis about this language was written by Daria Sidorkevich in 2013–14.[1] Siberian Ingrian Finnish was also researched and documented by Mehmet Muslimov from the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS, Fedor Rozhanskiy from the University of Tartu, Natalia Kuznetsova[7] from the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, and Ivan Ubaleht [8][9] from the Omsk State Technical University. Ruslan Haarala did a study on Siberian Finnish in 2005.[10] Finnish speakers can still be found inside Siberia.[11] According to Haarala, it is possible to improve the situation of Siberian Finnish, because it is still being used.

Examples of Siberian Finnish
  • Tere! = hello
  • saatko arvoa = do you understand
  • Juttele eestis tai suomeks, daže ryssäki käyb = speak in Estonian or Finnish, well even Russian works
  • gorod, linna = city
  • dom, tuba = house
  • otpusk = vacation
  • ulitsa, tänävä = road
  • elänikot = people
  • saada arvoa = to understand
  • kõik = all
  • aek = time
  • hän õppib = he learns
  • lapsenka = with a child
  • syntysin = I was born
  • käsiinkä = with hands
  • korlaka = Siberian Finn
  • piam menem penssiäm pääl = I am soon retiring
  • tirehtoori = director
  • ded ne pomnit = uncle doesn't remember
  • juure = into
  • daže = even
  • hevosenka = on a horse [5][4]
Siberian Finnish Finnish English

”No, täl kaik viäl ympärin venäläiset, venäläiset. Ja nämä last nuaret venäjäks puhuvat, kuka eivät kehta vrode,

et huanasti tulee ulos ni, nii venäjä enemän kaikkia, no

no, täällä kaikki vielä ympärin venäläiset, venäläiset. Ja nämä lapset nuoret venäjäksi puhuvat, ketkä eivät kehtaa niin kuin

että huonosti tulee ulos niin, niin venäjä enemmän kaikkea, no.

 Well, here all still all over Russians, Russians and these young children

speak in Russian, who do not dare like that.

So badly (it) comes out so, so that Russian more than all, well.

Grammar

Some grammatical elements in Siberian Finnish are the comitative ending ka/kä, the 3rd person singular ending -b, and the imperfect ending si-.[4]

Siberian Finnish has a large Russian influence, such as "vnuki" 'grandchild', izvenenija 'sorry' and tak praela 'right?'.[4]

References
  1. Sidorkevich, Daria (2014). "PhD thesis: Язык ингерманландских переселенцев в Сибири: структура, диалектные особенности, контактные явления" (PDF).
  2. Sidorkevich, Daria (2011). "On domains of adessive-allative in Siberian Ingrian Finnish. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, 7(3)".
  3. "Itäprojekti matkaa siperiansuomalaisten uinuviin kyliin". yle.fi (in Finnish). 31 January 2013. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
  4. Haarala, Rusla (2005). "Siperiansuomalaiset ja siperiansuomi. "Juttele eestis tai suomeks, da e ryssäki käyb"". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. VIIKBERG, JURI (January 1989). "Suomalais-virolaisia kielisuhteita Siperiassa". Virittäjä. 93 (1): 79.
  6. "Itäprojekti matkaa siperiansuomalaisten uinuviin kyliin". yle.fi (in Finnish). 31 January 2013. Retrieved 2021-07-19.
  7. Kuznetsova, N (2016). "Evolution of the Non-Initial Vocalic Length Contrast across the Finnic Varieties of Ingria and Adjacent Areas". Linguistica Uralica. 52 (1): 1. doi:10.3176/lu.2016.1.01. ISSN 0868-4731.
  8. Ubaleht, Ivan (2021). "Lexeme: the Concept of System and the Creation of Speech Corpora for Two Endangered Languages. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages (Vol. 2, pp. 20-23)" (PDF).
  9. Ubaleht, Ivan; Raudalainen, Taisto-Kalevi (2022). "Development of the Siberian Ingrian Finnish Speech Corpus". Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on the Use of Computational Methods in the Study of Endangered Languages. Dublin, Ireland: Association for Computational Linguistics: 1–4. doi:10.18653/v1/2022.computel-1.1.
  10. Haarala, Ruslan (2005). "Siperiansuomalaiset ja siperiansuomi. "Juttele eestis tai suomeks, da e ryssäki käyb"". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. "Siperian suomalaisten juuret avasivat ovia lähetystyölle". Uusi Tie -verkkolehti (in Finnish). 2019-02-06. Retrieved 2021-07-19.
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