Tunisair

Tunis Air Douglas DC-4 at Paris (Orly) Airport in 1957

The carrier was formed by the government of Tunisia as Société Tunisienne de l'Air in late 1948. The initial investment was FRF 60 million, with shareholding split between the government (35%), Air France (35%) and another interests (30%).[4] Air France transferred some of its DC-3s and routes (which included Tunis–Bone–Algiers, Tunis–Ajaccio–Nice, Tunis–Bastia–Nice, Tunis–Rome and a cargo flight between Tunis and Marseilles)[5] to the new airline for it to start operations;[4] these commenced on 1 April 1949.[6] The first managing director of the company was Rene Lefevre.[7]

The route network was expanded along the coast during the early 1950s. In 1951, Casablanca, Ghudamis and Tripoli were incorporated as destinations. In May that year, a Tunis–Tripoli–Sabhah service was launched; it was routed via Sfax and Djerba in September. The Ghudamis route was terminated in 1952, and the Casablanca run was taken over by Air France the same year. In 1953, the service to Marseilles was extended to Paris. In 1954, a Douglas DC-4 was leased from Air France and used on the route to Paris.[7] At March 1955, the fleet comprised three Douglas DC-3s, one Douglas DC-4 and a SNCASE Languedoc.[8] During 1955, the carrier transported 92,344 passengers. At year end, the number of employees was 140. The airline had a revenue of £620,000 for 1955, and costs totalled to £550,000.[9] In 1957 the Tunisian government became the largest shareholder (51%) and the stake held by Air France was reduced to 15%.[7]

A Tunis Air Caravelle III at Euroairport in 1977. The carrier took delivery of the first aircraft of the type in 1961.[7]

The carrier took delivery of its first jet-powered aircraft, a Sud Caravelle III, on 31 August 1961. A new service to Frankfurt was inaugurated in October but it was terminated in March the following year due to poor economical performance. A second Caravelle was ordered in 1963 and entered service in March 1964. In cooperation with Lufthansa, flights to Frankfurt were restarted in April 1966 using Caravelle equipment.[7] The Nord 262 was first put into service in 1969.[10] The introduction of this aircraft into the fleet along with the airline already having two Caravelles in operation allowed the carrier to phase out a DC-3 and two DC-4s.[11]

A Boeing 727 formerly operated by Tunisair painted with an older livery.

The number of employees had grown to 888 by March 1970. At this time, they had four Caravelles, two Cessna 402s, a DC-3 and a Nord 262, which were used on domestic services and international routes to Algeria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands,[nb 1] Italy, Libya, Morocco and Switzerland.[12] Tunis Air took delivery of its first Boeing aircraft, a Boeing 727-200, on 12 March 1972;[13] it was put on service on the Tunis–Paris run.[14] On 1 April 1972, a Boeing 707 that was leased from Sabena inaugurated the Tunis–London link.[15] The same day, new services to Luxembourg and Jeddah were launched.[16] Late in the year, a second Boeing 727s was ordered for delivery in July 1973.[14] In 1973, a third Boeing 727 was ordered for handover in December that year.[17] A fourth and fifth 727 were ordered in 1974 and 1975.[18][19][20][21] The gradual incorporation of the Boeing 727s permitted Tunisair to replace the Caravelles and to retire the remaining DC-3s.[11]

A Tunisair Airbus A320-200 on short final to Zurich Airport in 2011.

For the first time in its history, in 1995 the carrier started trading its shares at the Tunis stock exchange when 20% of the stake was floated.[22] Ahmed Smaoui took over as president and director general of the company in March 1997.[23] In January 1999, Abdelmalek Larif became the new president. Also in 1999, flights to Amman and Beirut were launched.[22] By April 2000 the airline had 7259 employees. At this time the fleet comprised one Airbus A300B4-200, two Airbus A319-100s, ten Airbus A320-200s, four Boeing 727-200 Advanced, three Boeing 737-200 Advanced, four Boeing 737-500s and three Boeing 737-600s that served the following destinations: Abu Dhabi, Algiers, Amman, Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Beirut, Berlin, Bilbao, Bordeaux, Bratislava, Brussels, Budapest, Cairo, Casablanca, Copenhagen, Dakar, Damascus, Djerba, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Gafsa, Geneva, Graz, Hamburg, Istanbul, Jeddah, Lille, Linz, Lisbon, London, Luxembourg, Lyon, Madrid, Malta, Marseille, Milan, Monastir, Munich, Nice, Nouakchott, Palermo, Paris, Prague, Rome, Salzburg, Sfax, Stockholm, Strasbourg, Tabarka, Toulouse, Tozeur, Tunis, Vienna, Warsaw and Zurich.[6]

In 2007, Nabil Chettaoui was appointed as chief executive officer (CEO).[24] In June 2011, Hamadi Thamri replaced Chettaoui as president and CEO of the company.[25] In July the same year, Moscow was first served by the carrier with flights to Domodedovo Airport.[26] The airline's first transatlantic service, Tunis–Montreal, was launched in July 2016.[27]

Tunisair flies to destinations across Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.[41] Its main base is Tunis–Carthage International Airport.

Tunisair has never experienced a fatal accident since its founding in 1948, but has experienced three hull losses:[60]

• On 12 January 1979, a Boeing 727 was hijacked and diverted to Libya after the hijackers demanded the release of Tunisian trade unionist Habib Achour. In Tripoli, the hijackers surrendered. There were no fatalities.[61]
• On 11 February 1992, a Boeing 727 rolled out of its hangar at Tunis–Carthage International Airport during an engine test due to technicians forgetting to set the aircraft's brakes. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair.[62]
• On 6 February 2013, an Airbus A320 operating as Flight 712 excursed from the runway while landing at Tunis–Carthage International Airport. All 83 people on board survived, but the aircraft was declared a hull loss.[63]

• TunisAir Express
• Transport in Tunisia

• Guttery, Ben R. (1998). Encyclopedia of African Airlines. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0495-7.

• Official website