Tanjay

Tanjay, officially the City of Tanjay (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Tanjay; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tanjay), is a 4th class component city in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 82,642 people.[3]

Tanjay
City of Tanjay
Downtown Tanjay City
Downtown Tanjay City
Flag of Tanjay
Official seal of Tanjay
Nickname(s): 
City of Professionals
City of Music and Fun
City of Lights
Map of Negros Oriental with Tanjay highlighted
Map of Negros Oriental with Tanjay highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Tanjay is located in Philippines
Tanjay
Tanjay
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 9°31′N 123°10′E
CountryPhilippines
RegionCentral Visayas
ProvinceNegros Oriental
District 2nd district
FoundedJune 11, 1580
CityhoodApril 1, 2001
Barangays24 (see Barangays)
Government
[1]
  TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
  MayorJosé T. Orlino (IND)
  Vice MayorNeil Salma y Teves (NPC)
  RepresentativeManuel Sagarbarría y Teves
  City Council
Members
  Electorate56,854 voters (2022)
Area
  Total267.05 km2 (103.11 sq mi)
Elevation
209 m (686 ft)
Highest elevation
1,761 m (5,778 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
  Total82,642
  Density310/km2 (800/sq mi)
  Households
20,077
Economy
  Income class4th city income class
  Poverty incidence
18.90
% (2018)[4]
  Revenue766.6 million (2020)
  Assets2,388 million (2020)
  Expenditure692.2 million (2020)
  Liabilities328.6 million (2020)
Service provider
  ElectricityNegros Oriental 2 Electric Cooperative (NORECO 2)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
6204
PSGC
IDD:area code+63(0)35
Native languagesCebuano
Magahat
Tagalog

It became a city by virtue of Republic Act 9026 otherwise known as "An act converting the Municipality of Tanjay, province of Negros Oriental into a component city to be known as the City of Tanjay".[5] The Act was approved and signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on March 5, 2001. This act, which is a consolidation of House Bill No. 8880 and Senate Bill No. 2256, was finally passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate on February 8, 2001. Tanjay was finally proclaimed a component city on April 1, 2001, after a plebiscite was conducted for the purpose.

The city is part of the 2nd Congressional District of the Negros Oriental and is located 31 kilometres (19 mi) north of Dumaguete.[6] It is bounded on the north by Bais, on the south by the Municipality of Amlan, on the east by the Tañon Strait and west by the Municipality of Pamplona. The municipality is home to two indigenous languages, Minagahat and the Cebuano as listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino. The city is known as the City of Professionals.

History

Here, in much earlier times, lived men whose relics and artefacts, dating back to 200–500 AD and the 12th century Song dynasty have turned up in recent excavations were said to have ventured perhaps in the area we now know as Támpi in Amlan.

Bol-anon emigration

In 1563, a surprise raid by undercover Ternatean forces aided by Portuguese upon the Dauis-Mansasa lungsod in southwest Bohol resulted in destruction of much of the settlement, from mass looting to enslavement. Consequently, a majority of the local Bol-anon survivors dispersed in an exodus to nearby islands, notably eastern Negros, Siquijor, and the northern coast of the Zamboanga peninsula where they founded Dapitan. The majority, however, settled in the lowlands of southeastern Negros and founded Tanay, the old pronunciation of present-day Tanjay.[7]

Explorations

Two years later in 1565, Esteban Rodríguez of the Legazpi expedition, caught by storm on his way back to Cebu from Bohol, sought refuge in the eastern shore of the island and met local Negritos called ata, agta, or ati.

The first map of the Negros Island, dated 1572 and charted by Diego López de Povedano identified it as Buglas, the native reference derived from the tall cane-like grass which ranged thick and persistent over the island (now known as cógon).

His report upon returning to Cebu prompted Fray Andrés de Urdaneta to visit the island, landing in what is now Escalante in Negros Occidental. In the same year, Capitán Mateo de Cádiz led a small expedition which reached an area near present-day Tanjay. Capitán Miguel de Loarca followed with a larger expedition and force and proceeded to lay claim to what the Spaniards called the Island of Negros. Both Povedano and Loarca pointed to the Tanay-Dumaguete area as the most densely populated in the eastern half of the island. Tanay, considered the more important settlement, was made the administrative capital of Negros Island. It however, remained under the jurisdiction of the province of Cebu. It was the first archdeacon of Cebu, Fray Diego Ferreira, who sent Fray Gabriel Sánchez and other Augustinian priests to the new territory. Thus, on June 11, 1580, Tanjay was founded as the Missión de Santiago de los Ríos de Tanay, the center of religious supervision for Dumaguete, Marabago, Siaton and Manalongon.

When it officially shifted from Tanay to Tanjay is not exactly known, but may have started as a typographical error on an official document sometime in the 18th century.[8]

From these few parishes along the coast, the priests administered the sacraments to the people in the hinterlands and served as mission to the wandering locals, converting them to Christianity. Evangelization began very slowly because of the great distance over hills from one hut to another.

By 1587, the Augustinians had almost abandoned all missions in Negros due to lack of manpower. Evidence, however, points to a secular priest in charge of the Parish of Tanjay before 1602. It was in 1600 that these missions regained pastoral attention when the Jesuits were assigned in Negros. The first priest of Tanjay, Fray Diego Ferreira, was appointed in 1589. Tanjay parish, under the patronage of St. James the greater is the oldest in the Orient.

Parish of Tanjay

Parish of Tanjay

Catholicism was brought to this part of Oriental Negros by the Augustinians. The Definitorium dated June 11, 1580 mentions of the foundation of the Parish of Tanjay, with the communities of Dumaguete, Siaton, Marabago and Manalongon. Due to the lack of personnel on the part of the Augustinian Fathers, the spiritual care of this new foundation was entrusted to the care of the Diocesan Clergy of Cebu. This is why the reason Tanjay Parish became part of the Diocese of Cebu.

Later in 1851, at the request of the Bishop of Cebu, the Augustinian Recollect Fathers took over the spiritual care of the Parish and up to the time the diocesan clergy again took over. Then when the Diocese of Jaro was erected in 1865, Tanjay as part of Negros became part of the Diocese (since the whole island was made part of the new Diocese). And then, when the Diocese of Bacolod was erected in 1933, again, Tanjay became part of this new Diocese (since Oriental Negros and Siquijor were made part of the new Diocese). And in 1955, Tanjay became part of the Diocese of Dumaguete. Up to the present, it is still part of the Diocese of Dumaguete.

From the Parish of Tanjay, came later the following parishes: Dumaguete was separated in 1620; Amlan in 1848; Siaton in 1848; Bacong (Marabago) in 1849; San Jose (Ayuquitan) in 1895. And when Dumaguete became a Diocese, again two more parishes were taken from Tanjay: Pamplona in 1960, and Santa Cruz in 1969.

Sinulog de Tanjay

The Sinulog is purely Tanjay tradition. It is a religious devotional festive dance with a mock battle depicting the war between the Moros and the Christians in Granada, Spain in centuries past. It is based on the legend that St. James miraculously aided the Christians by riding on white horse from the heavens and slew hundreds of Moors.

Thus, the Sinulog is a religious exercise glorifying the Christians and honoring the feast day of Señor Santiago who is the patron saint of Tanjay and also of Spain.

The Sinulog was first performed in this town in 1814, under the auspices of the Catholic Church with Fray Fernando Félix de Zúñiga (1814–1816) as Parish Priest. It then became the highlight of every fiesta celebration during the incumbencies of succeeding parish priests from the brothers Fray Pedro Bracamonte (1816–1839; 1843–1847) and Fray Luciano Bracamonte (1839–1842)[9] to Fr. Jorge Gargacilla (1885–1889). Fray Jorge Adán (1889–1898) dispensed with the Sinulog in 1897 for reasons known only to him, but then his successor Fray Baldomero Villarreal (1898–1929) revived it in 1904 until the end of his term in 1929. There was Sinulog performance for two fiestas during the term of Fray Gregorio Santiagudo as Parish Priest in 1930–1931.

In 1932, through the initiative of group of laymen from Tabúc (now Barrio de San Isidro) and Iláud, the Sinulog was again a part of the Tanjay fiesta celebration through the years until the outbreak of the Second World War in the Pacific in 1941. The war ended in 1945 but the Sinulog came to be resumed only in 1947 and continued to be an annual fiesta spectacle until 1970 when most of the long-time devotee participants were already too old to perform, or had already died.

In the early 1970s, the Sinulog devotion was taken over by a group of elementary school children from Ilaud under Alfred Garcia, a schoolteacher and lone survivor of the old-time Sinulog team. Until the 1987 fiesta, the Sinulog had been a children's affair. Although the children's Sinulog bore the spirit of the Tanjay fiesta celebration, it was evident that they lacked the right expressive moments and authenticity of the former groups which were composed by matured men.

Because of its high historical and cultural value, the Sinulog de Tanjay was featured at the Folk Arts Theater in 1981. Later, in the year 1988, a significant milestone in Tanjay's Sinulog history was attained. In the spirit of love and concern – of cherishing what is really ours, and of keeping and preserving a beautiful Tanjay tradition – then Tanjay mayor Arturo S. Regalado introduced a Sinulog contest as the highlight of that year's fiesta celebration. His purpose was to revive the real Sinulog de Tanjay, and for the different participating groups to recapture the art and skill as well as the logical movements and sequence of the Sinulog in the past. It was the then mayor's aim to let the contesting groups portray the Sinulog dance and mock battle with the right grace and ability, the right logical sequence of movements, and the ability to elicit the air and spirit of festivity. Above all, he also wanted the contestants to re-live the authenticity of the Sinulog that Tanjay used to witness in the past which our forefathers proudly termed as the "Sinulog de Tanjay", the original Sinulog.

There was a short period during the tenure of the then mayor Baltazar T. Salma that the name Sinulog de Tanjay was changed to Saulog de Tanjay for reasons that they say it connoted the Sinulog de Cebu and thus had it changed to Saulog de Tanjay. After some time, the original name was preserved to reinstate the original Sinulog de Tanjay.

Choreographed street dancing with a finale is incorporated with the mock battle to make for a more artistic and colorful Sinulog. Also present is a Sinulog Merry-Making Contest in the evening of July 23. The Sinulog de Tanjay finale on July 24 is immediately followed by an endurance contest.

World War II

In 1942, Imperial Japanese Army arrived in Tanjay. During the Japanese occupation of Tanjay, and at the height of enforced collaboration to the community by the Japanese imperial forces under the threat of summary execution, the following were appointed mayors for brief intervals: Concejo Calumpang de Martinez, Perfecto Calumpang and José E. Romero who at the time had just returned from Manila while the Commonwealth government was in exile and after having just survived the sinking of SS Corregidor, which resulted in the death of former senator Hermenegildo Villanueva, his son Jesus Pablo Villanueva, the academic supervisor of Negros Oriental Juanito Calumpang and his daughter Carolina Calumpang, among many other Visayans.[10]

In 1945, Filipino soldiers of the 6th, 7th, 73rd and 75th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the 6th and 7th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary were helped by the recognized guerrillas to fight the Japanese imperial forces to liberate Tanjay.

Post-World War II

In 1950, the barrio of Pamplona was made into a separate municipality.[11]

Geography

Tanjay's land area is 27,605 hectares (68,210 acres) and is utilized for agricultural, residential, commercial, industrial, educational, forestral and other purposes. It is the only city in Negros Oriental with a very wide flat lowland, although mountainous and rolling hills are found in the hinterland barangays of Santo Niño and Pal-ew. Rugged areas can also be found in barangays Bahi-an and Santa Cruz Nuevo.

Barangays

Tanjay city hall at night

Tanjay is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

  • Azagra
  • Bahi-an
  • Luca
  • Manipis
  • Novallas
  • Obogon
  • Pal-ew
  • Poblacion I (Barangay 1 Ilaya)
  • Poblacion II (Barangay 2 Rizal and Kasagingan)
  • Poblacion III (Barangay 3 Pongtod and Dike)
  • Poblacion IV (Barangay 4 Catiao-tiao and Tambacan)
  • Poblacion V (Barangay 5 Proper Tanjay and Jose Romero St.)
  • Poblacion VI (Barangay 6 Ilaud)
  • Poblacion VII (Barangay 7 Lawton)
  • Poblacion VIII (Barangay 8 Pancil)
  • Poblacion IX (Barangay 9 Opao)
  • Polo
  • San Isidro
  • San Jose
  • San Miguel
  • Santa Cruz Nuevo
  • Santa Cruz Viejo (Palanas)
  • Santo Niño (Malasbalas)
  • Tugas

Climate

Climate data for Tanjay
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29
(84)
29
(84)
30
(86)
32
(90)
31
(88)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
29
(84)
29
(84)
30
(86)
Average low °C (°F) 23
(73)
23
(73)
23
(73)
24
(75)
25
(77)
25
(77)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
23
(73)
24
(75)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 35
(1.4)
28
(1.1)
38
(1.5)
51
(2.0)
125
(4.9)
195
(7.7)
194
(7.6)
173
(6.8)
180
(7.1)
192
(7.6)
121
(4.8)
64
(2.5)
1,396
(55)
Average rainy days 9.2 8.2 9.9 11.3 22.5 27.3 28.0 27.2 27.1 26.9 19.7 12.7 230
Source: Meteoblue (Use with caution: this is modeled/calculated data, not measured locally.)[12]

Tanjay has a moderate and pleasant climate. It is characterized by a relatively wet season from May to February and dry season from March to April. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with the heaviest volume during the months of July and August. The months of March and April are the hottest months and the coldest is December. January is the humid month while April is the least humid period. The months of November and December have the strongest wind velocities throughout the year.

Demographics

Population census of Tanjay
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 11,894    
1918 15,089+1.60%
1939 30,979+3.48%
1948 33,064+0.73%
1960 39,547+1.50%
1970 51,458+2.66%
1975 52,558+0.43%
1980 57,299+1.74%
1990 62,656+0.90%
1995 65,634+0.87%
2000 70,169+1.44%
2007 78,539+1.57%
2010 79,098+0.26%
2015 80,532+0.34%
2020 82,642+0.51%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[13][14][15][16]

Economy

Government

The last capitán municipal of Tanjay at the end of the Spanish regime was Don José Muñoz. Prior to this, he was gobernadorcillo. Don Agapito Calumpang, who was a cabeza de barangay, was also a former gobernadorcillo of Tanjay.

Upon the arrival of the Americans and the reorganization of local political structures, Don José Muñoz was appointed as presidente municipal while Don Agapito Calumpang was appointed as vice presidente municipal. Andrés Molas was appointed as town secretary, Don Lucas Rodríguez as town treasurer, Don Pelagio López as municipal chief constable, and Felix Calumpang Barot as justice of the peace.

The following is a list of mayors and vice mayors of Tanjay from 1901 to the present.

No. Name Term Title Name Term Title Administration Era
1 D. José Muñoz y Teves 1901-1905 Presidente Municipal Agapito Calumpang 1901-1903 Vice Presidente Municipal William Howard Taft Insular Government
Luis Muñoz y Calumpañg 1904-1909 Vice Presidente Municipal Luke Edward Wright
2 D. Pelagio López y González 1906-1909 Presidente Municipal Henry Clay Ide
James Francis Smith
3 D. Francisco Domingo Romero y Bustamante (Sr.) 1909-1916 Presidente Municipal Mateo Dael 1909-1912 Vice Presidente Municipal William Cameron Forbes
Gonzalo Calumpang 1912-1916 Vice Presidente Municipal
Newton W. Gilbert
Francis Burton Harrison
4 D. José Benito Atilano Joaquín Villegas y Teves 1916-1922 Presidente Municipal Felipe Calumpang 1916-1922 Vice Presidente Municipal
Charles Yeater
Leonard Wood
5 D. Joaquín Villegas y Teves 1922-1931 Presidente Municipal D. Marcos Regalado y López 1922-1928 Vice Presidente Municipal
Eugene Allen Gilmore
Henry L. Stimson
Simón Reyes 1928-1934 Vice Presidente Municipal
6 Crispiniano Limbaga Sr. 1931-1942 Presidente Municipal / Municipal Mayor Eugene Allen Gilmore
Dwight F. Davis
George C. Butte
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
Frank Murphy
Ricardo Teves Sr. 1935-1937 Municipal Vice Mayor
Commonwealth of the Philippines
D. Miguel Díaz (de Prendes) y Público 1937-1940 Municipal Vice Mayor
Paul V. McNutt
Francis Bowes Sayre Sr.
Graciano Banogon Sr. 1940-1951 Municipal Vice Mayor
-- Concejo Calumpang de Martinez 1942 Municipal Mayor (acting) Masaharu Homma Japanese occupation of the Philippines
Shizuichi Tanaka
-- Perfecto Calumpang 1942 Municipal Mayor (acting)
-- D. José E. Romero y Muñoz 1943 Municipal Mayor (acting)
Shigenori Kuroda
7 Ricardo Teves Sr. 1942-1946 Municipal Mayor (in exile)
Tomoyuki Yamashita
Paul V. McNutt Commonwealth of the Philippines
8 Baldomero Limbaga Sr. 1946-1951 Municipal Mayor Manuel Roxas Third Republic of the Philippines
Elpidio Quirino
9 Ricardo Teves Sr. 1952-1961 Municipal Mayor D. Julio García (de Melgar) Sr. 1952-1955 Municipal Vice Mayor
Ramon Magsaysay
Fernando Calumpang 1956-1959 Municipal Vice Mayor
Carlos P. Garcia
D. Gaspar Villegas y Reyes 1960-1962 Municipal Vice Mayor
-- D. Julio García (de Melgar) Sr. 1959 Municipal Mayor (acting) Diosdado Macapagal
-- D. Gaspar Villegas y Reyes 1962-1963 Municipal Mayor (acting) (vacant) 1962-1963 Municipal Vice Mayor
10 Ybarra Teves 1964-1980 Municipal Mayor Angel Mira 1964-1967 Municipal Vice Mayor
Ferdinand Marcos
Crisostomo Villegas y Colina 1967-1980 Municipal Vice Mayor Fourth Republic of the Philippines
11 Uldarico Ramirez 1980-1986 Municipal Mayor Angel Mira 1980-1986 Municipal Vice Mayor
-- Rodulfo Navarro 1986-1987 Municipal Mayor (acting) (vacant) 1986-1992 Municipal Vice Mayor Corazon Aquino
-- Arturo Regalado 1987 Municipal Mayor (acting) Fifth Republic of the Philippines
-- Dominador Regalado Jr. 1987-1988 Municipal Mayor (acting)
12 Arturo Regalado 1988-1998 Municipal Mayor
Andres Gayo 1992-1995 Municipal Vice Mayor Fidel Ramos
Jovencio Bumanglag 1995-1998 Municipal Vice Mayor
13 Baltazar Salma 1998-2001 Municipal Mayor Lawrence Teves 1998-2001 Municipal Vice Mayor Joseph Estrada
2001-2007 City Mayor 2001-2007 City Vice Mayor Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
14 Lawrence Teves 2007-2016 City Mayor Nilo Tam 2007-2010 City Vice Mayor
Jose Orlino 2010-2016 City Vice Mayor Benigno Aquino III
15 Reynaldo Concepcion 2016-2022 City Mayor Lawrence Teves 2016-2019 City Vice Mayor (suspended) Rodrigo Duterte
Jovencio Bumanglag 2016-2019 City Vice Mayor (acting)
Neil Salma 2019-2022 City Vice Mayor
16 Jose Orlino 2022-2025 City Mayor Neil Salma 2022-2025 City Vice Mayor Bongbong Marcos

Education

Secondary schools in Tanjay include:

Tourism

Tanjay City is also known for its Tourism Program which started in the late 1980s. Through a recent Sangguniang Panglunsod Resolution, the city is now dubbed as the City of Festivals. The major tourist attractions are:

  • Children's Festival (January)
  • Festival of Hearts (February)
  • Sinulog sa Tanjay (July)
  • Paaway sa Kabayo (July)
  • Pasko sa Tanjay (December)
  • Bodbod Festival (December)
  • Banog-banog Festival (December)
  • Park Cafe (Wednesdays & Fridays)
  • Sugbaanay sa Parque (Saturdays)
  • Museo Ecclesiastico de Tanjay (Barangay Poblacion 2)
  • Rizal Park & the Dancing Fountain (Barangay Poblacion 2)
  • Reef's Farm (Barangay Luca)

There are also potential tourist attractions pending to be debuted to the public as well:

  • St. James The Greater Parish-Oldest parish of Negros Oriental (Barangay Poblacion 2)
  • Philippine Carabao Center (Barangay Sta. Cruz Viejo)
  • Camp Leon Kilat (Barangay Sta. Cruz Viejo)
  • Luparan Falls and Caves (Barangay Sta. Cruz Nuevo)
  • Bobong Falls (Barangay Bahian)
  • Azagra Golf Course (Barangay Azagra)
  • Rice Terraces (Barangay Pal-ew)
  • Benguet Mining Tunnel (Barangay San Miguel)
  • Mambulong & Cang-ogis Lakes (Barangay Pal-ew)
  • Red Land Scenic Views (Barangay Sta. Cruz Nuevo)
  • Water Spring & Cave with Stalactites & Stalagmites (Barangay Sto. Niño)
  • Casa de las Dueñas, Hacienda Santa Escolástica (Barangay San Jose)
  • Parao Boardwalk and Mainit Hot Springs (Barangay Luca)
  • Tanjay City Boulevard (Barangay Poblacions 4 & 7)
  • Lawton Seaport (Barangay Poblacion 7)
  • Tanjay City River

Notable personalities

References

  1. City of Tanjay | (DILG)
  2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. Census of Population (2020). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  4. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  5. "Republic Act No. 9026 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  6. "Municipalities of Negros Oriental". Dumaguete. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  7. Peterson, John A. (2003). "Cebuan Chiefdoms? Archaeology of Visayan and Colonial Landscapes in the 16th and 17th Century Philippines". Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. 31 (1/2): 67. ISSN 0115-0243.
  8. Villagonzalo, Jr., Benjamin S.; Mibato, Rizalie N.E. (November 10, 2020). "Financial Attitude and Management of Public School Teachers in Tanjay City". Philippine Social Science Journal. 3 (2): 11–12. doi:10.52006/main.v3i2.261. ISSN 2704-288X.
  9. Curas de Almas: Curatos, L-Z. UST Publishing House. 2008. ISBN 978-971-506-460-6.
  10. Romero, José E. (1979). Not So Long Ago: A Chronicle of My Life, Times and Contemporaries. Manila: Alemar-Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
  11. "An act to convert the barrio of Pamplona, municipality of Tanjay, province of Oriental Negros, to a municipality with the same name". LawPH.com. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
  12. "Tanjay: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  13. Census of Population (2015). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  14. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region VII (Central Visayas)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  15. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  16. "Province of". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  17. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  18. "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  19. "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
  20. "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
  21. "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
  22. "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
  23. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  24. "University Town mourns death of Dr. Emilio T. Yap". dumaguetemetropost.com. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
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