Trimotor

A trimotor is a propeller-driven aircraft powered by three internal combustion engines, characteristically one on the nose and one on each wing. A compromise between complexity and safety, such a configuration was typically a result of the limited power of the engines available to the designer. Many trimotors were designed and built in the 1920s and 1930s as the most effective means of maximizing payload.

This article is about propeller-driven airplanes with three engines. For airplanes with three jet engines, see Trijet.
Nearly 5,000 Junkers Ju 52/3m were built, the most of any trimotor

Other - and uncommon - configurations include engines above the wing, as on seaplanes, including in pusher configuration, and an engine on each wing and one on the tail.

The best known trimotors are the Fokker F, Ford AT, and Junkers Ju series aircraft.

List of trimotors
Aircraft nameCountry of originYear Developed
AD Seaplane Type 1000UK1916
Airspeed FerryUK1932
Airworthy Terrier[1]US1928
Anatra DERussia1916
ANF Les Mureaux 140TFrance1932
Armstrong Whitworth ArgosyUK1926
Avia 51Czechoslovakia1933
Avia 57Czechoslovakia1935
Aviméta 132France1927
Avis BGV-1[2]Austria1924
Avro 618 TenUK1929
Avro 619 FiveUK1929
Avro 624 SixUK1930
Bach 3-CT Air YachtUS1927
Barcala-Cierva-Díaz BCD.3[3]Spain1919
Batson Air Yacht/Dragonfly[4]US1913
Beardmore InflexibleUK1928
Beechcraft Model 18 Tiara engine testbedUS1966
Bellanca 28-92US1937
Bernard 60France1929
Bernard 160France1932
Bernard SIMB AB 16France1927
Besson MB.36France1930
Blackburn IrisUK1926
Blackburn PerthUK1933
Blackburn SydneyUK1930
Bloch MB.60[5][6]France1930
Bloch MB.120France1932
Bloch MB.300France1935
Blohm & Voss BV 138Germany1937
Boeing Model 80US1928
Boulton Paul P.32UK1931
Bratu 220Romania1932
Breda A.14Italy1928
Breda Ba.32Italy1931
Breda Ba.46Italy1934
Breda CC.20Italy1929
Breguet XI[7]France1916
Breguet 393TFrance1931
Breguet 521France1933
Bresciani Bre.1[8]Italy1915
Britten-Norman TrislanderUK1970
Brown-Mercury[9]US1928
CANT 6Italy1925
CANT 22Italy1927
CANT 23[10]Italy1932
CANT Z.506Italy1935
CANT Z.508Italy1936
CANT Z.509Italy1937
CANT Z.1007Italy1937
CANT Z.1012Italy1938
Caproni Ca.1Italy1914
Caproni Ca.3Italy1916
Caproni Ca.4Italy1917
Caproni Ca.5Italy1917
Caproni Ca.95Italy1929?
Caproni Ca.97Italy1927
Caproni Ca.101Italy1928
Caproni Ca.131Italy1934
Caproni Ca.132Italy1934
Caproni Ca.133Italy1934
Caudron C.25France1919
Caudron C.37[11]France1920
Caudron C.39[12]France1921
Caudron C.61France1921
Caudron C.81[13]France1923
Caudron C.180[14]France1930
Caudron C.183[15]France1923
Charpentier C-1[16]France1935
CNA Delta[17]Italy1931
CNNA HL-8Brazil1943
Conroy Tri-Turbo-ThreeUS1969
Consolidated XPY-1 (prototype only)US1929
Consolidated XP2Y-1 (prototype only)US1932
Couzinet 10[18]France1928
Couzinet 21[19]France1931
Couzinet 22[20]France1932
Couzinet 27[21]France1928
Couzinet 30France1930[22]
Couzinet 33 BiarritzFrance1931[23]
Couzinet 40France1932[24]
Couzinet 70France1932[25]
Couzinet 100France1933[26]
Couzinet 101France1934[27]
Couzinet 103France1933[28]
Crawford SpecialUS1929[29]
Curtiss Eagle IUS1919
Curtiss Model H prototype onlyUS1914
Curtiss NC prototype onlyUS1918
DAR 4Bulgaria1930
Dewoitine D.31France1932
Dewoitine D.332France1933
Dewoitine D.333France1934
Dewoitine D.338France1936
Dewoitine D.342France1939
Dewoitine D.430France1932[30]
de Havilland DH.72UK1931
de Havilland Australia DHA-3 DroverAustralia1948
de Havilland HerculesUK1926
Dornier Do 24Germany1937
Dornier YGermany1930
Dyle et Bacalan DB-70France1929
EMSCO B-2US1929[31]
Farman F.120France1926
Farman F.280France1931
Farman F.300France1930
Farman F.301France1930[32]
Farman F.303France1930[33]
Farman F.304France1931[34]
Farman F.306France1931[35]
Farman F.310France1931[36]
Felixstowe Porte BabyUK1916
Fiat BRGItaly1931
Fiat G.2Italy1932
Fiat G.12Italy1940
Fiat G.212Italy1947
Fokker F.10US1927
Fokker F.VIIA/3m & F.VIIB/3mNetherlands1925
Fokker F.IXNetherlands1929
Fokker F.XIINetherlands1930
Fokker F.XVIIINetherlands1932
Fokker F.XXNetherlands1933
Ford 4-AT/9-AT/11-AT TrimotorUS1926
Ford 5-AT/6-AT TrimotorUS1929
Ford 14-ATUS1932
Ford XB-906US1931
Grahame-White GanymedeUK1919
Handley Page Type W.8e/f & W.9aUK1921
Handley Page H.P.32 HamletUK1926
Handley Page H.P.43UK1932
Helmy AerogyptUK1939
Hise Model AUS1929[37]
Hodkinson HT-1US1929[38]
Johns MultiplaneUS1919[39]
Junkers G 24Germany1924
Junkers G 31Germany1926
Junkers Ju 52/3mGermany1932
Junkers Ju 252Germany1941
Junkers Ju 352Germany1943
Kawanishi H3KJapan1930
Keystone PathfinderUS1927
Keystone PatricianUS1929
Kreutzer Air CoachUS1928[40]
LWF model H OwlUS1920[41]
Lasco LascondorAustralia1930
Latécoère 4France1920
Latécoère 5France1924
Latécoère 24France1927
Latécoère 340France1930
Latécoère 350France1931
Latécoère 500 & 501France1932
Latécoère 582France1935
Latham TrimotorFrance1919[42]
Lawson L-4US1924[43]
Letov Š-32Czechoslovakia1931
Lioré et Olivier LeO H-15France1926[44]
Loire 30France1932
Loire 60France1932
Loire 70France1933
Loring-Barrón Colonial T-III TrimotorSpain1932[45]
Macchi M.C.100Italy1939
Nieuport-Delage NiD.590France1932[46]
Nieuport-Delage NiD.740France1930[47]
Northrop N-23 PioneerUS1946
Northrop C-125 RaiderUS1949
NVI F.K.33Netherlands1925
Oeffag G6 aka Pola 'G'Austria-Hungary1916[48]
Ogden OspreyUS1930[49]
P.Z.L. 27Poland1934
P.Z.L. 4Poland1932
Pander S-4 PostjägerNetherlands1933
Piaggio P.16Italy1934
Piaggio P.23RItaly1936
Piper PA-32-3M prototypeUS1966
Potez XFrance1922
Potez 40France1930[50]
Prudden TM-1US1928[51]
Prudden-Whitehead monoplaneUS1930
Renard R.30Belgium1931
Renard R.35Belgium1935
Rohrbach RolandGermany1926
Rohrbach RomarGermany1928
Romano R-16France1933[52]
Ryan Navion one off modificationUS1961
SABCA S.11Belgium1931
Saunders SevernUK1930
Saunders ValkyrieUK1926
Saro WindhoverUK1930
Savoia-Marchetti S.66Italy1931
Savoia-Marchetti S.71Italy1930
Savoia-Marchetti S.72Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti S.73Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.75Italy1937
Savoia-Marchetti SM.79Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.81Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.82Italy1939
Savoia-Marchetti SM.83Italy1937
Savoia-Marchetti SM.84Italy1940
Short S.8 CalcuttaUK1928
Short RangoonUK1930
Short ValettaUK1930
Siemens-Schuckert R.IGermany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.IIGermany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.IIIGermany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.IVGermany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VGermany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VIGermany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VIIGermany1917
Sikorsky S-35US1926
SPCA 40TFrance1929
SPCA 90France1932
SPCA Météore 63France1925
Spartan CruiserUK1932
Stinson Model AUS1934
Stinson Model T/SM-6000US1930
Stinson Model UUS1932
Stout 3-ATUS1926
Stout Bushmaster 2000US1964
Supermarine Air YachtUK1930
Supermarine Nanok/SolentUK1927
Tellier 1100 ch/T7/Nieuport-Tellier TMFrance1919[53]
Tupolev ANT-9USSR1929
Tupolev MTB-1USSR1934
Vickers ViastraUK1929
Westland IV & WessexUK1930
Weymann 66France1933
Wibault 280France1930
Zenith AlbatrossUS1927[54]
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IGermany1915
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IIGermany1916

See also

References
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