Typhoon Sarika

Highest Public Storm Warning Signals raised by PAGASA across the Philippines in relation to Typhoon Karen (Sarika)

In anticipation of the typhoon, PAGASA issued Public Storm Warnings for a number of areas. In particular, signal number 3 – indicating an expectation of winds of 121–170 km/h (75–106 mph) within the next 18 hours[24] – was issued for the provinces of Pangasinan, Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Quezon, La Union, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Catanduanes, and Camarines Norte. A total of 39,934 people across the Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Calabarzon, and Bicol administrative regions were evacuated. Schools were closed in all of these regions, as well as the National Capital Region and the Cordillera Administrative Region, from October 16 to 18. Flights arriving and departing between October 15 and 18 were cancelled because of the adverse weather conditions, with 259 domestic flights and 62 international flights affected.[16] Ports in Luzon and the Visayas were closed, stranding up to 4,000 passengers.[25]

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) was placed on red alert on October 15, requiring all associated agencies to be fully staffed and prepared.[26] The Department of Social Welfare and Development set aside ₱1.28 billion (US$27.0 million) worth of standby funds, including 494,222 family food packs worth ₱745 million (US$15.7 million), for immediate disaster relief.[27] The 7th Infantry Division of the Philippine Army was placed on standby for disaster operations.[28] The Department of Health stockpiled ₱22.2 million (US$467,000) worth of medicine and other logistics for emergency use.[29]

The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) issued Standby Signal No. 1 at 13:20 UTC on October 16, as winds began to shift with the approach of Sarika. This was raised to Strong Wind Signal No. 3 at 05:40 UTC on October 17, when Sarika was 550 km (340 mi) south-southwest of Hong Kong.[30] Classes for kindergartens and schools for disabled children were cancelled,[31] although children daycare centers, elderly centers, and rehabilitation centers remained open.[32] Bunker operations at the Port of Hong Kong were suspended for the duration of the strong wind signal.[33] On October 18, as Sarika moved away from Hong Kong, the HKO replaced the tropical cyclone warnings with a Strong Monsoon Signal. However, as heavy rains continued to impact Hong Kong, the HKO issued a Black Rainstorm Warning on the afternoon of October 19, the first time they had done so in October since the Rainfall Warning System came into place in 1992.[30]

Typhoon Sarika approaching Hainan on October 17

As Sarika approached South China, the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters activated a Level I emergency response,[22] and sent six teams to Hainan, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Guangxi to prepare for disaster relief.[34] Around 660,000 people were evacuated from Hainan,[35] including 13,700 from low-lying areas in Wanning. High-speed train services were suspended from October 17.[21] Haikou Meilan International Airport suspended operations from October 17 to 18 and cancelled 281 flights, while 248 flights were cancelled at Sanya Phoenix International Airport.[36] Schools in eight counties in Hainan were closed for three days.[37] Tourist sites were also shut to the public.[21] Workplaces, businesses, and schools were shut in the coastal city of Sanya.[38] On October 17, the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center issued a red alert – the highest category on China's severe weather warning system – for ocean waves, and an orange alert – the second highest category – for stormy weather.[39] A total of 25,396 fishing boats were recalled to various ports in Hainan.[40][22]

In Guangdong, authorities enacted a Level II emergency response,[22] with storm surge expected to be enhanced by a concurrent high tide.[41] Authorities evacuated 55,800 people in dangerous areas.[22] Ships were forbidden from passing through the Qiongzhou Strait after 21:00 UTC October 16, and were instead diverted to Zhanjiang.[40] A total of 14,181 ships returned to port in Guangdong.[22]

In Guangxi, authorities activated a Level III emergency response.[22] A yellow alert was issued on October 19, ahead of heavy rainfall.[42] 57,300 residents were moved to safety[22] and schools were closed. Ferry services from Beihai to Hainan and Weizhou Island were halted. About 1,000 tourists on Weizhou Island, as well as residents of low-lying areas in the northern half of the island, were evacuated to the mainland. The Nanning–Guangzhou high-speed railway ceased ticket sales for trips on October 19. A total of 7,259 fishing boats were recalled to the Port of Beihai, resulting in 22,522 occupants seeking shelter.[43] In all, 12,044 ships sought shelter across Guangxi.[22] Twelve flights were cancelled at Beihai Fucheng Airport. The Guangxi Maritime Safety Administration readied several tugboats in case of emergencies.[43] Further inland, yellow alerts were issued for Guizhou on October 19 in anticipation of heavy rainfall and flash flooding.[44]

As Sarika approached, officials instructed district governments to evacuate people at risk of floods, fearing that earlier severe flooding in central Vietnam could be worsened by the system.[45] A total of 770 ships in Hạ Long Bay were called back to shore. The People's Army of Vietnam prepared 280,000 soldiers and 3,200 vehicles to conduct search and rescue operations.[46] Schools in Quảng Ninh were closed on October 19, and many businesses in Hạ Long were shut.[47] Vietnam Airlines cancelled all flights in and out of Cat Bi International Airport on October 19.[48] Farmers in Hải Phòng rushed to harvest 23,000 hectares (57,000 acres) of rice fields before the typhoon's rainbands arrived.[49]

Over its course through the Philippines, Typhoon Sarika, known locally as Typhoon Karen, directly affected a total of 329,468 people in 1,491 barangays across six regions, and displaced 207,832 people.[50] Rainfall accumulations during October 14 to 15 peaked at nearly 560 mm (22 in) at Virac, Catanduanes; Daet, Camarines Norte recorded a similar total above 530 mm (21 in). Power interruptions occurred in several regions; 246,000 people in Catanduanes were left without power at the height of the storm.[51][16] Communication towers belonging to PLDT were downed in Agoo, La Union. Smart Communications experienced partial loss of its services in Aurora, while Globe Telecom experienced significant loss of service across Southern Luzon. Water supplies were disrupted in Tagkawayan, Quezon, as well as parts of Pamplona, Camarines Sur. Across the Philippines, roads were blocked in 48 places and 23 bridges were rendered impassable by floods, landslides, and rockslides. Floods occurred in 122 barangays in the provinces of Panganiban, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and Bataan.[16] The Bustos, Ambuklao, and Magat dams opened their floodgates as their water levels neared or overshot the normal high water level.[52] A total of 12,777 homes were damaged, of which 1,421 were completely destroyed. Damage to infrastructure totaled ₱226 million (US$4.76 million).[16]

Satellite estimate of rainfall totals over the Philippines from October 14 to 17

The adverse weather conditions necessitated several land and sea rescues. In the waters off Catbalogan, Samar, strong winds and large waves capsized a service vessel carrying eleven people on October 14, and partially sank another boat carrying five people on October 15. Everyone on board the two vessels was brought to safety. A group of 16 mountaineers stranded on Mount Pulag were rescued on October 16. Another 100 mountaineers were rescued in the vicinity of Mount Tarak, near Mariveles, Bataan.[29] Three people were rescued from a flash flood in San Andres, Quezon. Search and rescue teams rescued 100 families in Lagonoy, Camarines Sur.[16] According to the NDRRMC, no fatalities occurred in relation to Sarika in the Philippines.[53][nb 5]

Significant crop damage occurred in the Philippines from the combined effects of Sarika and Typhoon Haima, which struck Northern Luzon a week later. Roughly 394,470 hectares (974,800 acres) of paddy fields were affected – about 15% of the national total. Only 12,118 hectares (29,940 acres) were lost, however, meaning that the typhoons had limited impact on national rice production. Maize and high value crops were also affected, though to a much smaller extent since the harvest had mostly completed in September.[55] Livestock losses and damage to irrigation systems occurred mainly in the Bicol Region. Agricultural damage in the Philippines attributed to Sarika reached ₱3.63 billion (US$76.4 million).[16]

Across South China, total economic losses were valued at ¥5.49 billion (US$826 million),[56] and one person was killed.[57]

In Hong Kong, Sarika combined with the northeast monsoon to produce thunderstorms over the territory on October 18 and 19. More than 100 mm (3.9 in) of rain fell over the entire region, with parts of the urban areas, Sha Tin, and Tai Po all recording over 200 mm (7.9 in). The HKO Headquarters recorded their highest October hourly rainfall since record-keeping began in 1884, with 78.7 mm (3.10 in) of rain falling in an hour on October 19. The heavy rains on October 19 resulted in fourteen reports of floods and seven landslides. A shopping mall in Chai Wan was inundated, while floods along roads in Chai Wan and Tai Tam swept away a motorcycle and marooned several cars. Strong winds from Sarika downed many trees, and two people were injured by falling branches. Scaffolding at a building in Sham Shui Po collapsed, and a billboard in Mong Kok was dislodged. Amid rough seas, a boat capsized off the coast of Wang Chau island. Twelve crew members were rescued, but one went missing.[30]

Banana crop destroyed in Hainan

Sarika was the strongest October typhoon to impact Hainan since 1971, possessing wind gusts of up to 162 km/h (101 mph). Across the province, a total of 2.99 million people in 19 counties were affected, though no fatalities resulted. Agricultural damage was widespread, with 380,710 hectares (940,800 acres) of crops affected, of which 97,640 hectares (241,300 acres) was lost.[22] The banana, cassava, and papaya crops were particularly affected.[57] Rubber plantations were also badly damaged, with many trees split or uprooted.[58] The entire island experienced torrential rainfall from October 17 to 20, peaking at 548 mm (21.6 in) at Baitang Reservoir in Ding'an County.[22] Widespread flash floods occurred as a result, and there were many landslides in Central Hainan.[59] In the province, 837 houses collapsed and another 5,100 houses were damaged to varying degrees.[22][56] Communications were severely disrupted after 7,928 base stations went offline, affecting a total of 129,627 users.[60] Direct economic losses in Hainan reached ¥4.559 billion (US$686.1 million).[35]

Wanning, the landfall point, experienced storm surge, heavy rains, and strong winds that felled several trees. A bus with 45 people on board overturned on a highway, but no one was hurt.[21] A road leading to the coast was blocked by fallen trees. Nearby, large-scale power outages occurred in the urban center of Qionghai, and the main highway into the city was blocked by floodwaters. The capital, Haikou, also experienced flooding.[59] Across the city, many trees and billboards were blown down. The Haikou Century Bridge was shut to traffic until the typhoon passed on October 18, while at least nine bus services were suspended.[61] A total of 31,626 customers lost power in Haikou.[62] Strong winds generated heavy waves along the coast of Sanya, attracting curious onlookers who had to be escorted away by police and government staff for their safety.[63]

While Sarika did not make landfall in Guangdong, the system brought gusty winds and heavy rainfall to the province.[64] Approximately 235,300 people across 11 counties in Zhanjiang were affected. A total of 117,250 hectares (289,700 acres) of crops were damaged, of which 98,440 hectares (243,300 acres) were deemed a complete loss. Rainfall totals across southwest Guangdong averaged 73 mm (2.9 in).[22] Forty-one people were rescued from a ship that was set adrift near the Port of Zhanjiang after its anchor broke and the backup anchor failed to release.[65] Strong winds damaged 356 base stations in Zhanjiang, requiring 666 support personnel to be dispatched to conduct repair works.[66] Economic losses were estimated at ¥529 million (US$79.6 million).[22]

Sarika weakening over Guangxi on October 19

As a weakening system, Sarika affected 333,900 people in Guangxi,[22] mainly through heavy rainfall. Parts of the coast received over 375 mm (14.8 in) of rain over a 26-hour period.[67] Rainfall accumulations in Guangxi averaged 67 mm (2.6 in).[22] Wind gusts in the province reached 90 km/h (56 mph).[68] Power outages were felt across Guangxi, with 250,000 customers experiencing disruptions.[69] A total of 134 houses collapsed. Crop damage spanned 47,620 hectares (117,700 acres), of which 8,460 hectares (20,900 acres) were not salvageable. Direct economic losses were placed at ¥251 million (US$37.9 million).[22]

Sarika's impacts were most severe in the coastal cities of Fangchenggang, Beihai, and Qinzhou.[67] A total of 90,000 customers lost power in Beihai.[69] At the Dianjian Fishing Port in Beihai, six light fishing boats filled up with rainwater and sank. Four of the shipwrecks were successfully raised.[70] In Qinzhou, heavy rains flooded roads and farmlands, and sugarcane crops suffered wind damage.[71] Some trees were blown over, obstructing roads.[72] An improperly secured fishing boat capsized in Qinzhou's Xiniujiao Fishing Port, resulting in the loss of ¥30,000 (US$4,500) worth of equipment.[73] An electrical substation in Liuwu was damaged.[69]

Sarika brought brief heavy rainfall to northeast parts of Vietnam. Rainfall in Quảng Ninh was measured to be between 50 and 80 mm (2.0 and 3.1 in). Wind gusts onshore peaked at Force 8 on the Beaufort scale, though a weather station on Bạch Long Vĩ Island measured wind gusts up to Force 11.[47] Sarika's effects in Vietnam were less than initially expected as Sarika had weakened into a tropical depression by the time it made its closest approach to Vietnam. People were able to resume normal activities on the afternoon of October 19.[74][nb 6]

On October 26, PAGASA announced that the name Karen would be removed from their naming lists because it had caused over ₱1 billion (US$21 million) in damage.[81] On January 2, 2017, PAGASA chose the name Kristine to replace Karen for the 2020 season.[82]

At the 49th session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee held in Yokohama, Japan from February 21 to 24, 2017, the committee announced that the name Sarika would be retired from the typhoon naming lists.[83] At the next session in Hanoi, Vietnam, the Typhoon Committee announced on March 3, 2018 that Trases would be its replacement.[84]