Tyrannoraptora

Tyrannoraptora is a clade defined as "all descendants of the last common ancestor of Tyrannosaurus rex and Passer domesticus (the house sparrow)".[2] The clade was named in 1999 by the American paleontologist Paul Sereno, though in his original concept had Tyrannosauroidea being the sister taxon to Pennaraptora (which in Sereno's paper was synonymous with Maniraptora as Therizinosaurs were thought to be more closely related to Ornithomimosaurs and the term Pennaraptora had not been coined as yet).[3] Phylogenetic analyses have since, however, found the group also encompasses Compsognathidae, Ornithomimosauria, Alvarezsauroidea, and Therizinosauria.[4][5][6] Thus tyrannoraptorans are divided into tyrannosauroids and maniraptoromorphs.

Tyrannoraptorans
Temporal range:
Middle Jurassic–Present, Possible Early Jurassic record
Skeleton mount of Tyrannosaurus rex
Male house sparrow
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Avetheropoda
Clade: Coelurosauria
Clade: Tyrannoraptora
Sereno, 1999
Subclades

The cladogram below shows Sereno's original concept for Tyrannoraptora.

Compsognathidae

Ornitholestes

Maniraptoriformes
Ornithomimosauria

Therizinosauroidea

Ornithomimoidea

Ornithomimidae

Alvarezsauridae

Tyrannoraptora
Tyrannosauroidea
Tyrannosauridae

Tyrannosaurinae

Albertosaurus

Alectrosaurus

Maniraptora
Oviraptorosauria

Caenagnathidae

Oviraptoridae

Paraves
Deinonychosauria

Troodontidae

Dromaeosauridae

Dromaeosaurinae

Velociraptorinae

Avialae

Archaeopteryx

Ornithurae

Confuciusornithidae

Ornithothoraces

Enantiornithes

Euornithes

The Cladogram below shows the modern interpretation of Tyrannoraptora.[7]

Coelurosauria

†Bicentenaria

†Zuolong

Tyrannoraptora

†Tyrannosauroidea

†Aorun

†Scipionyx

†Ornitholestes

†Compsognathidae

Maniraptoriformes

†Ornithomimosauria

Maniraptora

References
  1. Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019). "A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight". PeerJ. 7: e7247. doi:10.7717/peerj.7247. PMC 6626525. PMID 31333906.
  2. Holtz, T. R. Jr.; Molnar, R. E.; Currie, Phillip C. (2004). "Basal Tetanurae". In Weishampel, D. A.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria, Second Edition. California: University of California Press. pp. 71–110. ISBN 0520254082.
  3. Sereno, P. C. (1999). "The evolution of dinosaurs". Science. 258 (5423): 2137–2147. doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2137. PMID 10381873.
  4. Zelenitsky, D. K.; Therrien, F.; Erickson, G. M.; Debuhr, C. L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Eberth, D. A.; Hadfield, F. (2012). "Feathered Non-Avian Dinosaurs from North America Provide Insight into Wing Origins". Science. 338 (6106): 510–514. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..510Z. doi:10.1126/science.1225376. PMID 23112330. S2CID 2057698.
  5. Andrea Cau (2018). "The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 57 (1): 1–25. doi:10.4435/BSPI.2018.01.
  6. Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019). "A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight". PeerJ. 7: e7247. doi:10.7717/peerj.7247. PMC 6626525. PMID 31333906.
  7. Hendrickx, Mateus (2015). "An Overview of Non- Avian Theropod Discoveries and Classification". PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology.


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