Ward Hunt Island

Ward Hunt Island is a small, uninhabited island in the Arctic Ocean, located off the north coast of Ellesmere Island near the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf. The island is located just 750 km (470 mi) from the geographical North Pole. The northern cape of Ward Hunt Island is one of the northernmost elements of land in Canada. Only a 17 km (11 mi) stretch of northern coast of Ellesmere Island around Cape Columbia is more northerly. The island is 5.0 km (3.1 mi) long, east to west, and 3.0 km (1.9 mi) wide. The first known sighting was in 1876 by Pelham Aldrich, a lieutenant with the George Nares expedition, and named for George Ward Hunt, who was First Lord of the Admiralty at the time (1874–1877). Today, the Island is part of the Quttinirpaaq National Park.

Ward Hunt Island
Walker Hill (439 m (1,440 ft)) on Ward Hunt Island
Ward Hunt Island is located in Nunavut
Ward Hunt Island
Ward Hunt Island
Ward Hunt Island is located in Canada
Ward Hunt Island
Ward Hunt Island
Geography
LocationNorthern Canada
Coordinates83°06′N 074°10′W[1]
ArchipelagoQueen Elizabeth Islands
Area13.9 km2 (5.4 sq mi)
Highest elevation415 m (1362 ft)
Highest pointWalker Hill
Administration
Canada
TerritoryNunavut
RegionQikiqtaaluk
Demographics
PopulationUninhabited

History and research

Due to its location, the island has been used as the starting point for a number of attempts to reach the North Pole, e.g. Ralph Plaisted and others. During the International Geophysical Year of 1957–58, it was briefly used as a meteorological station. In 1959 the Canadian Defence Research Board established a research station on the island which remained in operation until the late 1960s. There is an airstrip for STOL aircraft, primarily Twin Otter, on the north coast of the island. Nearby are a few old shelters from the former Ward Hunt Island Camp station, now operated by Parks Canada.

In July 1988, a team of geodesists from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT Karlsruhe) and geographers from the University of Giessen carried out an accurate geodetical and geomorphological survey of the island and the Ice Shelf. This enabled the compilation of the first topographic map at the scale 1: 25,000 and an additional geomorphological map (scale 1:12,500).

Since 1998, a modern research station owned and operated by the Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN: Centre for northern studies) of Laval University, Quebec and Parks Canada also exists on the north coast with an automatic climatic station open all year round.[3][4] In addition to accommodation, the CEN base camp also has a small laboratory for the multidisciplinary fieldwork carried out during the three summer months. The data obtained on the climate, flora and fauna cover a period of more than 20 years and have been accessible since the beginning of the measurements.

This region at the northern land limit of the Canadian Arctic is currently undergoing major environmental changes. On 29 July 2008, a giant chunk of ice broke away from the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf. The new ice island had an area of 35.9 km2 (13.9 sq mi). It was the largest fracture of its kind since the nearby Ayles Ice Shelf—which measured 66 km2 (25 sq mi)—broke away in 2005.[5]

In July 2016, a team of scientists with the Canadian Armed Forces while conducting a site visit of Eureka, Tanquary Fiord, and Ward Hunt Island found a cairn erected in 1975 by then Prime Minister, Pierre Trudeau, who had been accompanied by two of his sons, Justin and Alexandre Trudeau. A picture of the plaque was presented to current Prime Minister Justin Trudeau by Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan on behalf of the Canadian Armed Forces.[6]

Ward Hunt Island
  • Twin Otter STOL plane by Bradley Air Services on Ward Hunt Island in 1988
    Twin Otter STOL plane by Bradley Air Services on Ward Hunt Island in 1988
  • Ward Hunt Island, field camp and airstrip, view towards Cape Columbia, Ellesmere Island, Canada
    Ward Hunt Island, field camp and airstrip, view towards Cape Columbia, Ellesmere Island, Canada
  • The old Ward Hunt Island Camp of the CDRB used in the 1960s
    The old Ward Hunt Island Camp of the CDRB used in the 1960s
  • North coast of Ward Hunt Island, looking to grounded iceberg ("ice island"), 23 July 2008, shows a crack (outline added) in the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf
    North coast of Ward Hunt Island, looking to grounded iceberg ("ice island"), 23 July 2008, shows a crack (outline added) in the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf
  • Start of Twin Otter on Ward Hunt Island airstrip
    Start of Twin Otter on Ward Hunt Island airstrip
  • Ward Hunt Ice-Shelf in 1988, view towards west with coast of Northern Ellesmere Island
    Ward Hunt Ice-Shelf in 1988, view towards west with coast of Northern Ellesmere Island

References
  1. "Ward Hunt Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  2. "Ward Hunt Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  3. "CEN Ward Hunt Island Research Station". 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2022. The CEN Ward Hunt Island Research Station is co-owned and operated by the Centre d'études nordiques (CEN: Centre for Northern Studies; ...) and Parks Canada (...).
  4. "Ward Hunt Island Field Station". Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  5. "Arctic ice shelf collapse poses risk: expert". 28 December 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  6. McKie, David (4 April 2017). "Discovery recalls Justin Trudeau's 1st visit to High Arctic — as a 3-year-old". CBC News. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  • Nares, George (1878). Narrative of a Voyage to the Polar Sea in H.M. Ships 'Alert' and 'Discovery'. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington.
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