Zechariah 10

Zechariah 10 is the tenth of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2][3] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[4] This chapter is a part of a section (so-called "Second Zechariah") consisting of Zechariah 9–14.[5]

Zechariah 10
Book of Zechariah (6:15-13:9) in Latin in Codex Gigas, made around 13th century.
BookBook of Zechariah
CategoryNevi'im
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part38

Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 12 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Codex Cairensis (from year 895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (930), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[7][8] Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 50–25 BCE) with extant verses 11–12.[9][10][11][12]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[13]

Prophetic warning against superstition (10:1–2)

This part contains the oracle urging the people to turn to God alone and regrets the lack of proper leadership or shepherd.[14] The polemic against the 'bad shepherds' here continues a tradition found in Jeremiah 23 and Ezekiel 34.[15]

Verse 1
Ask ye of the Lord rain in the time of the latter rain; so the Lord shall make bright clouds, and give them showers of rain, to every one grass in the field.[16]
  • "The latter rain": refers to the period of heavy rainfall in the spring of the year (around March or April) in Palestine.[17] Eschatologically the "latter rain" points to "the end times" when God will pour out blessings (cf. Hosea 6:3; Joel 2:21-25).[17]

Verse 2
For the idols have spoken vanity,
and the diviners have seen a lie,
and have told false dreams;
they comfort in vain:
therefore they went their way as a flock, they were troubled,
because there was no shepherd.[18]

Yahweh's holy war and the return from exile (10:3–12)

Yahweh will punish the bad shepherds (leaders) and will produce a leadership ("the cornerstone, the tent peg and the battle bow" in verse 4) from the "house of Judah", so with YHWH's power alone the people are gathered from their places of exile similar to the Exodus (verse 11).[14]

See also

Notes and references
  1. Collins 2014, p. 428.
  2. Hayes 2015, Chapter 23.
  3. Zechariah, Book of. Jewish Encyclopedia
  4. Mason 1993, pp. 826–828.
  5. Coogan 2007, p. 1357 Hebrew Bible.
  6. Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. "Zechariah 10". 1871.
  7. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
  8. Boda 2016, pp. 2–3.
  9. Boda 2016, p. 3.
  10. Dead sea scrolls – Zechariah
  11. Ulrich 2010, p. 622.
  12. Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
  13. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  14. Rogerson 2003, p. 726.
  15. Larkin 2007, p. 613.
  16. Zechariah 10:1 KJV
  17. Note on Zechariah 10:1 in NET Bible
  18. Zechariah 10:2 KJV
  19. Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "Zechariah 10". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
  20. Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible - Zechariah 10. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.
  21. Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. "Zechariah 10". Published in 1746-1763.

Sources
  • Boda, Mark J. (2016). Harrison, R. K.; Hubbard, Jr, Robert L. (eds.). The Book of Zechariah. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0802823755.
  • Collins, John J. (2014). Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451469233.
  • Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
  • Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.
  • Hayes, Christine (2015). Introduction to the Bible. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300188271.
  • Larkin, Katrina J. A. (2007). "37. Zechariah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 610–615. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  • Mason, Rex (1993). "Zechariah, The Book of.". In Metzger, Bruce M; Coogan, Michael D (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195046458.
  • Rogerson, John W. (2003). "Zechariah". In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible (illustrated ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 721–729. ISBN 978-0802837110.
  • Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
  • Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

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