Adenosylcobalamin

Adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), also known as coenzyme B12, cobamamide, and dibencozide, is, along with methylcobalamin (MeCbl), one of the biologically active forms of vitamin B12.[1]

Adenosylcobalamin
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • Coα-[α-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Coβ-
    (5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl)cobamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.034.192
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC72H100CoN18O17P
Molar mass1579.608 g·mol−1
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C62H90N13O14P.C10H12N5O3.Co/c1-29-20-39-40(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-39)57-52(84)53(41(27-76)87-57)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)18-19-59(8)37(22-46(66)80)56-62(11)61(10,25-48(68)82)36(14-17-45(65)79)51(74-62)33(5)55-60(9,24-47(67)81)34(12-15-43(63)77)38(71-55)23-42-58(6,7)35(13-16-44(64)78)50(72-42)32(4)54(59)73-56;1-4-6(16)7(17)10(18-4)15-3-14-5-8(11)12-2-13-9(5)15;/h20-21,23,28,31,34-37,41,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,22,24-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t31?,34?,35?,36?,37?,41-,52-,53-,56?,57+,59?,60?,61?,62?;4-,6-,7-,10-;/m11./s1 Y
  • Key:ZIHHMGTYZOSFRC-CXGXMSGESA-L Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Adenosylcobalamin participates as a cofactor in radical-mediated 1,2-carbon skeleton rearrangements. These processes require the formation of the deoxyadenosyl radical through homolytic dissociation of the carbon-cobalt bond. This bond is exceptionally weak, with a bond dissociation energy of 31 kcal/mol, which is further lowered in the chemical environment of an enzyme active site.[2] An enzyme that uses adenosylcobalamin as a cofactor is methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM).

Further experimentation has also determined adenosylcobalamin's role in regulating expression of some bacterial genes. By binding to CarH, AdoCbl can modulate carotenoid genes, which confer warm colors onto various plants. Carotenoid transcription is activated by sunlight, due to the response from AdoCbl.[3] There are other photoreceptors across different bacterial communities, aside from CarH, that also have reactive capability when bound to AdoCbl. For instance, AerR is another factor that uses AdoCbl to give off purple pigmentation. Additional examination of adenosylcobalamin-bound enzymes and the development of this cofactor over time may prove to hold regulatory function of DNA and RNA.[4]

See also

References
  1. Marsh EN, Meléndez GD (November 2012). "Adenosylcobalamin enzymes: theory and experiment begin to converge". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 1824 (11): 1154–64. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.03.012. PMC 3580769. PMID 22516318.
  2. Kräutler B, Arigoni D, Golding BT (1998). Vitamin B12 and B12-proteins : lectures presented at the 4th European Symposium on Vitamin B12 and B12-Proteins. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 9783527612192. OCLC 212131311.
  3. Jost, Marco (1 April 2015). "An Old Cofactor in a New Light: Adenosylcobalamin in Light-Dependent Gene Regulation". The FASEB Journal. 29. doi:10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.573.25.
  4. Chemaly, Susan M. (30 June 2016). "New light on vitamin B12: The adenosylcobalamin-dependent photoreceptor protein CarH". EBSCO Host.
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