D-Glyceric acidemia

D-Glyceric Acidemia (a.k.a. D-Glyceric Aciduria) is an inherited disease, in the category of inborn errors of metabolism. It is caused by a mutation in the gene GLYCTK, which encodes for the enzyme glycerate kinase.

D-Glyceric acidemia
Other namesD-glycerate kinase deficiency
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

Pathophysiology

Glycerate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-glyceric acid (a.k.a. D-glycerate) to 2-phosphoglycerate. This conversion is an intermediary reaction found in several metabolic pathways, including the degradation (break-down; catabolism) of serine,[1] as well as the breakdown of fructose.[2]

A deficiency in glycerate kinase activity leads to the accumulation of D-glyceric acid (a.k.a. D-glycerate) in bodily fluids and tissues.[3] D-glyceric acid can be measured in a laboratory that performs "analyte testing" for "organic acids" in blood (plasma) and urine.[4]

Symptoms of the disease (in its most severe form) include progressive neurological impairment, mental/motor retardation, hypotonia, seizures, failure to thrive and metabolic acidosis.[5]

D-Glyceric Acidemia should not be confused with L-Glyceric Acidemia (a.k.a. L-glyceric aciduria, a.k.a. primary hyperoxaluria type II ), which is associated with mutations in the GRHPR (encoding for the enzyme 'glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase').[6][7]

Diagnosis

References
  1. Surtees, Robert; Poll-The, Bwee-Tien; Berger, Ruud; Duran, Marinus; Snell, Keith; Koning, Tom J. de (May 2003). "Biochem. J. (2003) 371, 653-661 - T.J. de Koning and others - l-Serine in disease and development". Biochemical Journal. 371 (3): 653–661. doi:10.1042/bj20021785. PMC 1223326. PMID 12534373.
  2. Hommes, F. A. (1993). "Inborn errors of fructose metabolism". Am J Clin Nutr. 58 (5): 788S–795S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.788S. PMID 8213611.
  3. "GLYCTK - glycerate kinase - Genetics Home Reference".
  4. "GeneTests: Search Results".
  5. Physician's Guide to the Laboratory Diagnosis of Metabolic Diseases. Springer. 2003. ISBN 9783642627095.
  6. "Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 2". GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle. 1993.
  7. "OMIM Entry - * 604296 - GLYOXYLATE REDUCTASE/HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE; GRHPR".
  • Genetics Home Reference (National Library of Medicine) (information on D-glyceric acidemia and the GLYCTK gene)
  • OMIM (information on GLYCTK gene, encoding Glycerate Kinase)
  • GeneTests (information on genetic testing for D-Glyceric Acidemia)
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