External iliac artery

The external iliac arteries are two major arteries which bifurcate off the common iliac arteries anterior to the sacroiliac joint of the pelvis.

External iliac artery
Front of abdomen, showing common iliac artery, the source of the external iliac artery
Volume rendered CT scan of abdominal and pelvic blood vessels.
Details
Sourcecommon iliac arteries
Branchesfemoral arteries, inferior epigastric arteries
Veinexternal iliac veins
Identifiers
Latinarteria iliaca externa
TA98A12.2.16.002
TA24357
FMA18805
Anatomical terminology

Structure

The external iliac artery arises from the bifurcation of the common iliac artery. They proceed anterior and inferior along the medial border of the psoas major muscles. They exit the pelvic girdle posterior and inferior to the inguinal ligament.[1][2] This occurs about one third laterally from the insertion point of the inguinal ligament on the pubic tubercle.[1] At this point they are referred to as the femoral arteries.[1][3]

Branches
BranchDescription
Inferior epigastric arteryGoes upward to anastomose with superior epigastric artery (a branch of internal thoracic artery).
Deep circumflex iliac arteryGoes laterally, travelling along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone.
Femoral artery[3]Terminal branch. When the external iliac artery passes posterior to the inguinal ligament, its name changes to femoral artery.

Function

The external iliac artery provides the main blood supply to the legs. It passes down along the brim of the pelvis and gives off two large branches - the "inferior epigastric artery" and a "deep circumflex artery." These vessels supply blood to the muscles and skin in the lower abdominal wall. The external iliac artery passes beneath the inguinal ligament in the lower part of the abdomen and becomes the femoral artery.

Clinical significance

The external iliac artery is usually the artery used to attach the renal artery to the recipient of a kidney transplant.

Additional images
  • Bifurcation of the aorta and the right common iliac artery - side view. (External iliac artery is artery at upper left, seen splitting from common iliac artery at top.)
  • The relations of the femoral and abdominal inguinal rings, seen from within the abdomen. Right side. (External iliac artery is large artery at center, and inguinal ligament runs from upper right to lower left. When the artery crosses the ligament, it becomes the femoral artery.)
  • The internal mammary artery and its branches.
  • Dissection of side wall of pelvis showing sacral and pudendal plexuses.
  • Sacral plexus of the right side.
  • Posterior view of the anterior abdominal wall in its lower half. The peritoneum is in place, and the various cords are shining through.
  • The spermatic cord in the inguinal canal.
  • Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for arteries and inguinal canal.
  • External iliac artery
  • Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection.Anterior view.
  • Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection.Anterior view.

See also

References
  1. Tortora, Gerard J.; Grabowski, Sandra R. (2003). Roesch, Bonnie (ed.). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: Volume 4 Maintenance and Continuity of the Human Body (Textbook). Vol. 4 (10th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 734. ISBN 0-471-22934-2.
  2. Madani, M. M.; Golts, E. (January 1, 2014), "Cardiovascular Anatomy", Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, Elsevier, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00196-3, ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3, retrieved January 18, 2021
  3. Maynard, Robert Lewis; Downes, Noel (January 1, 2019), Maynard, Robert Lewis; Downes, Noel (eds.), "Chapter 7 - The Cardiovascular System", Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research, Academic Press, pp. 77–90, ISBN 978-0-12-811837-5, retrieved January 18, 2021
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