Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is a form of congenital muscular dystrophy. It is associated with variants of type VI collagen, it is commonly associated with muscle weakness and respiratory problems, though cardiac issues are not associated with this type of CMD.[4][5] It is named after Otto Ullrich, who is also known for the Ullrich-Turner syndrome.[6]

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy
Other namesScleroatonic muscular dystrophy[1]
Autosomal recessive pattern is the inheritance manner of this condition
SymptomsMuscle weakness[2]
CausesMutations in the COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3 gene[3]
Diagnostic methodPhysical exam, Medical history[3]
MedicationPhysical therapy, Surgery(scoliosis)[3]

Signs and symptoms

The presentation of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy in an affected individual is as follows:[2][7]

  • Muscle weakness
  • Difficulty walking
  • Contractures (predominantly in proximal muscles, e.g. neck)
  • Joint looseness (predominantly in distal joints)

Genetics

In terms of the genetics of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, there are mutations in the genes COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3. This sub-type of muscular dystrophy is autosomal recessive in nature.[1][8]

COL6A1 plays an important part in maintaining the human body's integrity of various tissues. Alpha 1 subunit of type VI collagen is the encoded protein.[9]

Diagnosis
Micrograph hyperkeratosis

In terms of the diagnosis of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy upon inspection follicular hyperkeratosis, may be a dermatological indicator, additionally also serum creatine kinase may be mildly above normal.[5] Other exams/methods to ascertain if the individual has Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy are:

Differential diagnosis

This includes[10]

Treatment
Scoliosis X-ray

Treatment for Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy can consist of physical therapy and regular stretching to prevent and reduce contractures. Respiratory support may be needed at some point by the affected individual.[3]

Though cardiac complications are not a concern in this type of CMD, in regards to respiratory issues ventilation via a tracheostomy is a possibility in some cases.[5][11]

Prognosis

The prognosis of this sub-type of MD indicates that the affected individual may eventually have feeding difficulties. Surgery, at some point, might be an option for scoliosis.[3]

Scoliosis, which is a sideways curve of the persons vertebrate, is determined by a variety of factors, including the degree (mild or severe), in which case if possible a brace might be used by the individual.[12]

Research
Cyclosporin-A

In terms of possible research for Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy one source indicates that cyclosporine A might be of benefit to individuals with this CMD type.[13]

According to a review by Bernardi, et al., cyclosporin A (CsA) used to treat collagen VI muscular dystrophies demonstrates a normalization of mitochondrial reaction to rotenone.[14]

See also

References
  1. RESERVED, INSERM US14 -- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Congenital muscular dystrophy, Ullrich type". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
  2. Reference, Genetics Home. "collagen VI-related myopathy". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
  3. "Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy | Disease | Treatment | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
  4. "Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy - Conditions - GTR - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
  5. Foley, A. Reghan; Mohassel, Payam; Donkervoort, Sandra; Bolduc, Véronique; Bönnemann, Carsten G. (January 31, 1993). "Collagen VI-Related Dystrophies". In Adam, Margaret P.; Ardinger, Holly H.; Pagon, Roberta A.; Wallace, Stephanie E.; Bean, Lora JH; Gripp, Karen W.; Mirzaa, Ghayda M.; Amemiya, Anne (eds.). GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301676 – via PubMed.
  6. O. Ullrich: Kongenitale, atonisch-sklerotische Muskeldystrophie, ein weiterer Typus der heredodegenerativen Erkrankungen des neuromuskulären Systems. In: Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie. 126, 1930, p. 171, doi:10.1007/BF02864097.
  7. Bönnemann, Carsten G. (2011). "Chapter 5 - The collagen VI-related myopathies: Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy". Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 101. Elsevier. pp. 81–96. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-045031-5.00005-0. ISBN 9780080450315. PMC 5207779. PMID 21496625.
  8. Bönnemann, Carsten G. (2011-01-01). "The collagen VI-related myopathies Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy". Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 101: 81–96. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-045031-5.00005-0. ISSN 0072-9752. PMC 5207779. PMID 21496625. – via ScienceDirect (Subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries.)
  9. "COL6A1 collagen type VI alpha 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
  10. Bushby KM, Collins J, Hicks D (2014) Collagen type VI myopathies. Adv Exp Med Biol 802:185-199
  11. "Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations". 2019-09-04. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. "Scoliosis: MedlinePlus". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
  13. "OMIM Entry - # 254090 - ULLRICH CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY 1; UCMD1". omim.org. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
  14. Bernardi, Paolo; Bonaldo, Paolo (2013-05-01). "Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Defective Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Collagen VI Muscular Dystrophies". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 5 (5): a011387. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011387. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 3632061. PMID 23580791.

Further reading
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