Bahrain International Circuit

The Bahrain International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة البحرين الدولية, romanized: Ḥalba al-Baḥrayn ad-Dawliyya) is a 5.412 km (3.363 mi) motorsport venue opened in 2004 and used for drag racing, GP2 Series (now FIA Formula 2), and the annual Formula One Bahrain Grand Prix. The 2004 Grand Prix was the first held in the Middle East. Beginning in 2006, Australian V8 Supercars raced at the BIC, with the event known as the Desert 400. However, the V8 Supercars did not return for the 2011 V8 Supercar season. 24 Hour endurance races are also hosted at BIC.[1] The circuit has a FIA Grade 1 license.[2] The circuit also has multiple layouts.

Bahrain International Circuit

LocationSakhir, Bahrain
Time zoneUTC+03:00
Coordinates26°1′57″N 50°30′38″E
Capacity70,000
FIA Grade1 (5 layouts)
Broke groundDecember 2002
Opened17 March 2004 (2004-03-17)
Construction cost56.2 million Dinars ($150 million)
ArchitectHermann Tilke
Major eventsCurrent:
Formula One
Bahrain Grand Prix (2004–2010, 2012–present)
FIA WEC
6 Hours of Bahrain (2012–2017, 2019–present)
WTCR
Race of Bahrain (2022)
FIA F2
Sakhir Formula 2 round (2017–present)
FIA F3 (2022)
TCR Middle East Series (2017–2018, 2023)
Former:
World Series Formula V8 3.5 (2017)
GP2
Bahrain GP2 round (2005, 2007, 2012–2015)
GP2 Asia (2008–2010)
GP3 (2015)
Porsche Supercup (2006–2010, 2012)
V8 Supercars
Desert 400 (2006–2008, 2010)
FIA GT (2005)
TCR International Series (2016–2017)
Grand Prix Circuit (2005–present)
Length5.412 km (3.363 miles)
Turns15
Race lap record1:31.447 ( Pedro de la Rosa, McLaren MP4-20, 2005)
Outer Circuit (2005–present)
Length3.543 km (2.202 miles)
Turns11
Race lap record0:55.404 ( George Russell, Mercedes W11, 2020)
Endurance Circuit (2005–present)
Length6.299 km (3.914 miles)
Turns23
Race lap record1:58.287 ( Fernando Alonso, Ferrari F10, 2010)
Paddock Circuit (2004–present)
Length3.823 km (2.375 miles)
Turns10
Race lap record1:24.910 ( Jason Bright, Ford BA Falcon, 2006)
Oasis / Inner Circuit (2004–present)
Length2.550 km (1.584 miles)
Turns8
Race lap record1:03.819 ( Bashar Mardini, Porsche 911 (991) GT3 Cup, 2017)
Original Grand Prix Circuit (2004)
Length5.417 km (3.366 miles)
Turns15
Race lap record1:30.252 ( Michael Schumacher, Ferrari F2004, 2004)

History
Satellite view of the circuit as it appeared in November 2017

The construction of the Bahrain circuit was a national objective for Bahrain, initiated by the Crown Prince, Shaikh Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa. The Crown Prince is the Honorary President of the Bahrain Motor Federation. TRL was asked to build the circuit, headed by Patrick Brogan.

Race organizers were worried that the circuit would not be complete in time for the 2004 Bahrain Grand Prix and attempted to cancel the event; however, Formula One supremo Bernie Ecclestone refused this request. In the end, the circuit was not quite fully complete, but was good enough for the grand prix to go ahead.[3]

After the 2004 race and ahead of the 2005 race the track was realigned at turn four, decreasing the circuit's overall length by 5 metres in total.[4]

In 2007 the circuit became the first Grand Prix circuit to be awarded the distinguished FIA Institute Centre of Excellence award, given for excellent safety, race marshal, and medical facilities, and for the high standards of technology required to maintain these.[5]

At the 2009 Grand Prix, BIC announced a collaboration with @bahrain to develop land next to the circuit. @bahrain is part of the Mumtalakat group of companies. @bahrain will dedicate more than 1 million square meters of business, entertainment and educational space with a value in excess of US$2bn (BHD 850million), making it one of the largest investment projects to take place in Bahrain in the past five years.[6]

In 2011 the circuit was scheduled to be the first GP of the season. However, due to civil unrest in the country the race had to be cancelled in March 2011. On 4 June the FIA announced that the race would be scheduled for 30 October, the original slot for the inaugural Indian Grand Prix, which would be shifted to a season-closing date on 11 December.[7] However, two days later following concerns from teams and other officials, the race organizers officially cancelled the race, choosing to focus their attention on the 2012 running. The 2012 Formula One calendar had the race scheduled for 22 April, the fourth of the season.

Construction and design

The circuit was designed by German architect Hermann Tilke, the same architect who designed the Sepang International Circuit in Malaysia. The main contractor for the project was Cebarco-WCT.[8] The circuit cost approximately 56.2 million Bahraini Dinars[9] (US$150 million) to construct.[10] It has six separate tracks, including a test oval and a drag strip.[10]

The circuit posed a unique problem. Positioned in the middle of a desert, there were worries that sand would blow onto the circuit and disrupt the race. However, organizers were able to keep the sand off the track by spraying an adhesive on the sand around the track.[11]

The surface of the track is made of graywacke aggregate, shipped to Bahrain from Bayston Hill quarry in Shropshire, England. The surface material is highly acclaimed by circuit bosses and Formula 1 drivers for the high level of grip it offers. The same aggregate material is used at the Yas Marina Circuit, venue of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[12]

Shortly after the Formula One February 2014 testing, the first corner of the track was renamed after seven-time champion German driver Michael Schumacher in honour of his achievements and also in support after he suffered an almost fatal skiing accident late December 2013.[13]

Layouts
  • "Grand Prix Circuit". Used in F1 in 2004–2009, and since 2012
  • "Endurance Circuit". Used in F1 in 2010
  • "Outer Circuit". Used in F1 in 2020 at the Sakhir Grand Prix[14]
  • "Paddock Circuit"
  • "Oasis / Inner Circuit"
  • A flat oval

A lap in a Formula One car

The DRS zone is on the pit straight at the Bahrain Grand Prix (starting 2012), so turn 1 ("Michael Schumacher turn") is the prime overtaking opportunity. The corner itself is incredibly tight; a typical F1 car must brake approximately 100 m (110 yd) before the corner and shift right down to gear one. The width of the track further adds to the overtaking possibilities.[15] Turns 2 and 3 are flat out and gaining a good exit can set up an overtaking opportunity into turn 4. The straight leading to turn 4 is very long with a DRS zone, and the track at the corner itself is incredibly wide, at about thirty metres.[15] Turns 5, 6 and 7 make up a high-speed left-right-left "S" section that leads into turn 8, a right-hand hairpin where taking a wide line can avoid the bump on the apex which unsettles the car.[16] Turns 9 and 10 are very challenging as they are two blind left-handers where cars must brake, downshift and turn simultaneously – they go from 205 km/h (127 mph) in gear 5 down to 63 km/h (39 mph) in gear 1 whilst trying to avoid locking up their inside front tyres.[15] The back straight leads down into turns 11, 12 and 13, a medium-speed complex of corners. Turn 11 is a fourth-gear left hander that leads immediately into the flat-out right hander of 12, then the third gear right-hander of turn 13 which requires a good exit to gain speed down the following straight. It is worth braking quite early for turn 14 to gain speed down the main straight.[16] If you brake about 100 m (110 yd) before the apex then it is easy to keep it tidy through the slow right hander and you can also put the power down early, and gain speed all the way through turn 15 and the main straight (which is the DRS zone).

The lap record (which only accounts for laps set in a race) on the current layout of the Grand Prix circuit was set in 2005 by Pedro de la Rosa at 1:31.447,[4] in what was the only fastest lap in his 104-race career.[17] Michael Schumacher set a faster time of 1:30.252 at the 2004 edition of the race, but alterations to turn 4 of the track meant that it was counted as a different layout from 2005 onwards.[4] The fastest time ever set at the track was produced by Lewis Hamilton during qualifying for the 2020 edition at 1:27.264, beating the previous record by Charles Leclerc, set during qualifying for the 2019 edition (1:27.866).[18]

Facilities
Track[10] Distance[10] Grade[19]
Grand Prix track 5.412 km (3.363 mi) 1
Oasis / Inner track 2.554 km (1.587 mi) 1
Outer track 3.543 km (2.202 mi) 1
Paddock Circuit 3.823 km (2.376 mi) 1
Drag Strip 1.2 km (0.7 mi) n/a
Oval track 2.500 km (1.553 mi) n/a
Endurance Circuit 6.299 km (3.914 mi) 1

Formula One Grand Prix
The Bahrain International Circuit in 2010

The first Bahrain Grand Prix took place on 4 April 2004, making history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East. Bahrain fought off fierce competition from elsewhere in the region to stage the race, with Egypt, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) all hoping for the prestige of hosting a Formula One Grand Prix (the UAE would host a Grand Prix from 2009).

The Bahrain Grand Prix is usually the third race on the Formula One calendar, apart from the 2006 season, when Bahrain swapped places with the traditional opener, the Australian Grand Prix, which was pushed back to avoid a clash with the Commonwealth Games. In 2009, Bahrain was moved to the fourth race. For the 2010 season Bahrain was again the pre-season testing and season opener and Formula One cars drove the full 6.299 km (3.914 mi) "Endurance Circuit" to celebrate F1's 'diamond jubilee'. For 2011 however F1 was set to return to racing on the original layout used between 2004 and 2009.[20] The race was postponed and finally cancelled due to protests in the country but F1 returned to the track for the 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix. 2014 saw the track host its first ever Grand Prix under lights, as the race was scheduled as a night race to celebrate the tenth year of Formula 1 at the circuit. Subsequent editions of the race have also been held at night. In 2020 the circuit hosted two Grands Prix, the Bahrain and Sakhir Grands Prix, after the calendar was revised following the COVID-19 pandemic with the second using an alternative layout.[21]

Series hosted

The Bahrain International Circuit hosts a number of high-profile series, including the FIA Formula One World Championship, the FIA World Endurance Championship, the FIA Formula 2 Championship, FIA Formula 3 Championship, and Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East.

In the past the circuit has hosted the FIA GT Championship, Speedcar Series, Australian V8 Supercars, GP2 Asia Series, and a one-off Bahrain Superprix involving Formula Three cars, following on from the collapsed Korea Super Prix. The first ever Formula BMW World Final took place in Bahrain.

Events
Current
  • January: Bahrain International Circuit 2000cc Challenge
  • February: Bahrain International Circuit 2000cc Challenge
  • March: Formula One Bahrain Grand Prix, FIA Formula 2 Championship Sakhir Formula 2 round, FIA Formula 3 Championship, Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East
  • April: Bahrain International Circuit 2000cc Challenge
  • November: FIA World Endurance Championship 8 Hours of Bahrain, World Touring Car Cup FIA WTCR Race of Bahrain, Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East
  • December: Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East
Former
  • Bahrain Superprix (2004)
  • Ferrari Challenge Asia-Pacific (2020)
  • Ferrari Challenge Europe (2019)
  • FIA GT Championship Bahrain Supercar 500 (2005)
  • FIA GT Nations Cup (2018)
  • Formula BMW Asia (2004–2005)
  • Formula BMW World Final (2005)
  • Formula One Sakhir Grand Prix (2020)
  • Gulf 12 Hours (2021)
  • GP2 Series Bahrain GP2 round (2005, 2007, 2012–2015)
  • GP2 Asia Series (2008–2010)
  • GP3 Series (2015)
  • MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship (2013–2019)
  • Porsche Supercup (2006–2010, 2012)
  • Speedcar Series (2008–2009)
  • TCR International Series (2016–2017)
  • TCR Middle East Series (2017–2018)
  • V8 Supercars Desert 400 (2006–2008, 2010)
  • World Series Formula V8 3.5 (2017)

Lap records

The official fastest race lap records at the Bahrain International Circuit are listed as:

CategoryDriverVehicleTimeEventDate
Grand Prix Circuit: 5.412 km (2005–present)
F1 Pedro de la RosaMcLaren MP4-201:31.447[4]2005 Bahrain Grand Prix3 April 2005
LMP1 Lucas di GrassiAudi R181:41.511[22]2016 6 Hours of Bahrain19 November 2016
GP2 Stoffel VandoorneDallara GP2/111:43.166[23]2015 2nd Sakhir GP2 round20 November 2015
GP2 Asia Kamui KobayashiDallara GP2/051:43.6042009 Bahrain 1st GP2 Asia Series round23 January 2009
FIA F2 Amaury CordeelDallara F2 20181:43.8482022 Sakhir Formula 2 round19 March 2022
Formula V8 Yu KanamaruDallara T121:48.216[24]2017 Sakhir Formula V8 round18 November 2017
GP3 Luca GhiottoDallara GP3/131:48.228[25]2015 Sakhir GP3 round21 November 2015
LMP2 Paul di RestaOreca 071:48.579[26]2019 8 Hours of Bahrain14 December 2019
LMH Sébastien BuemiToyota GR010 Hybrid1:48.926[27]2021 6 Hours of Bahrain30 October 2021
FIA F3 Zane MaloneyDallara F3 20191:51.2312022 Sakhir Formula 3 round19 March 2022
GT1 (GTS) Jamie DaviesMaserati MC12 GT11:56.478[28]2005 FIA GT Bahrain Supercar 50025 November 2005
LM GTE Miguel MolinaFerrari 488 GTE Evo1:56.942[26]2019 8 Hours of Bahrain14 December 2019
MRF Challenge Bent ViscaalDallara Formulino Pro2:00.349[29]2019 Sakhir MRF Challenge round13 December 2019
GT3 Ben BarnicoatMcLaren 720S GT32:00.6752020 Gulf 12 Hours9 January 2021
GT2 Mike RockenfellerPorsche 911 (996) GT3-RSR2:01.821[28]2005 FIA GT Bahrain Supercar 50025 November 2005
Ferrari Challenge Louis PretteFerrari 488 Challenge2:03.716[30]2019 Sakhir Ferrari Challenge Europe round17 February 2019
Porsche Supercup Norbert SiedlerPorsche 911 (997 II) GT3 Cup2:04.312[31]2012 2nd Sakhir Porsche Supercup round22 April 2012
Stock car racing Heinz-Harald FrentzenSpeedcar V82:06.825[32]2009 1st Sakhir Speedcar Series round23 January 2009
V8 Supercars Shane van GisbergenFord FG Falcon2:06.910[33]2010 Desert 40027 February 2010
Formula BMW Salman Al KhalifaMygale FB022:09.405[34]2005 Sakhir Formula BMW Asia round3 April 2005
TCR Touring Car Gianni MorbidelliHonda Civic Type R TCR (FK2)2:12.6022016 Sakhir TCR International Series round2 April 2016
GT4 Warren HughesMcLaren 570S GT42:12.966[35]2020 Gulf 12 Hours9 January 2021
Outer Circuit: 3.543 km (2005–present)
F1 George RussellMercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance0:55.4042020 Sakhir Grand Prix6 December 2020
FIA F2 Mick SchumacherDallara F2 20181:04.0872020 2nd Sakhir Formula 2 round5 December 2020
Endurance Circuit: 6.299 km (2005–present)
F1 Fernando AlonsoFerrari F101:58.2872010 Bahrain Grand Prix14 March 2010
GP2 Asia Luca FilippiDallara GP2/052:09.8232010 2nd Sakhir GP2 Asia round13 March 2010
Porsche Supercup Norbert SiedlerPorsche 911 (997 II) GT3 Cup2:32.658[36]2010 1st Sakhir Porsche Supercup round13 March 2010
Paddock Circuit: 3.823 km (2004–present)
V8 Supercars Jason BrightFord BA Falcon1:24.910[37]2006 Desert 40024 November 2006
Formula BMW Nico HülkenbergMygale FB021:26.997[38]2005 Formula BMW World Final16 December 2005
Oasis Circuit: 2.550 km (2004–present)
GT3 Bashar MardiniPorsche 911 (991) GT3 Cup1:03.819[39]2017 1st Sakhir Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East round10 March 2017
TCR Touring Car Josh FilesHonda Civic Type R TCR (FK2)1:09.824[40]2017 Sakhir TCR Middle East round11 March 2017
Grand Prix Circuit: 5.417 km (2004)
F1 Michael SchumacherFerrari F20041:30.252[4]2004 Bahrain Grand Prix4 April 2004
F3 Jamie GreenDallara F3041:54.048[41]2004 Bahrain Superprix10 December 2004
Formula BMW Marchy LeeMygale FB022:10.784[42]2004 Sakhir Formula BMW Asia round3 April 2004

See also

Notes

      References
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