Monza Circuit

The Monza Circuit (Italian: Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, lit. 'National Automobile Racetrack of Monza') is a 5.793 km (3.600 mi) race track near the city of Monza, north of Milan, in Italy. Built in 1922, it was the world's third purpose-built motor racing circuit after Brooklands and Indianapolis and the oldest in mainland Europe.[7] The circuit's biggest event is the Italian Grand Prix. With the exception of the 1980 running, the race has been hosted there since 1949.[8]

Monza Circuit
Autodromo Nazionale di Monza
"The Temple of Speed"

LocationMonza, Italy[1]
Time zoneCET (UTC+1)
CEST (DST)
Coordinates45°37′14″N 9°17′22″E
Capacity118,865[2]
FIA Grade1
OwnerComune di Monza & Milano[1]
OperatorSIAS S.p.A.[1]
Broke ground15 May 1922 (1922-05-15)
Opened3 September 1922 (1922-09-03)
ArchitectAlfredo Rosselli
Major eventsCurrent:
Formula One
Italian Grand Prix (1950–1979, 1981–present)
FIA World Endurance Championship
6 Hours of Monza (2021–present)
European Le Mans Series
4 Hours of Monza (2004–2005, 2007–2008, 2017–2022)
FREC (2019–present)
FIA F2 (2017–present)
FIA F3 (2019–2020, 2022)
International GT Open (2006–present)
TCR Europe (2018–present)
Future:
GT World Challenge Europe (2013–2019, 2021, 2023)
24H Series (2020, 2023)
Former:
DTM (2021)
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Italian motorcycle Grand Prix (1949–1968, 1970–1971, 1973, 1981, 1983, 1986–1987)
World SBK (1990, 1992–1993, 1995–2013)
FIM EWC (1964–1965, 1985, 1987)
Sidecar World Championship
(1949–1957, 1965, 1967, 1999–2003)
WTCC
Race of Italy (2005–2008, 2010–2013, 2017)
World Sportscar Championship (1963–1975, 1980–1988, 1990–1992)
TCR International Series (2015, 2017)
Race of Two Worlds (1957–1958)
Modern Grand Prix Circuit (2000–present)
SurfaceAsphalt
Length5.793[3][4] km (3.600 miles)
Turns11
Race lap record1:21.046
(257.35 km/h (159.91 mph)) ( Rubens Barrichello, Ferrari F2004, 2004, F1)
Oval (1955–1971)
SurfaceConcrete/Asphalt
Length4.250[4] km (2.641 miles)
Turns2
Banking≈30°
Race lap record0:54.0
(283.34 km/h (176.06 mph)) ( Bob Veith, Bowes Seal Fast Special, 1958, IndyCar)
Junior Course (1959–present)[5][6]
SurfaceAsphalt
Length2.405[4] km (1.494 miles)
Combined Course (1955–1971)
SurfaceAsphalt/Concrete
Length10.000 km (6.213 miles)
Turns9
Race lap record2.43.600
(223.02 km/h (138.58 mph)) ( Phil Hill, Ferrari 246 F1, 1960, F1)
Websitewww.monzanet.it

Built in the Royal Villa of Monza park in a woodland setting,[9] the site has three tracks – the 5.793 km (3.600 mi) Grand Prix track,[3] the 2.405 km (1.494 mi) Junior track,[4] and a 4.250 km (2.641 mi) high speed oval track with steep bankings which was left unused for decades and had been decaying until it was restored in the 2010s.[10][8] The major features of the main Grand Prix track include the Curva Grande, the Curva di Lesmo, the Variante Ascari and the Curva Alboreto (formerly Curva Parabolica[11]). The high speed curve, Curva Grande, is located after the Variante del Rettifilo which is located at the end of the front straight or Rettifilo Tribune, and is usually taken flat out by Formula One cars.

In addition to Formula One, the circuit previously hosted the 1000 km Monza, an endurance sports car race held as part of the World Sportscar Championship and the Le Mans Series. Monza also featured the unique Race of Two Worlds events, which attempted to run Formula One and USAC National Championship cars against each other. The racetrack also previously held rounds of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing (Italian motorcycle Grand Prix), WTCC, TCR International Series, Superbike World Championship, Formula Renault 3.5 Series and Auto GP. Monza currently hosts rounds of the Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup, International GT Open and Euroformula Open Championship, as well as various local championships such as the TCR Italian Series, Italian GT Championship, Porsche Carrera Cup Italia and Italian F4 Championship, as well as the Monza Rally Show. In 2020, Monza hosted the 2020 World Rally Championship final round, ACI Rally Monza, with the circuit hosting 10 of the 16 rally stages.

Monza also hosts cycling and running events, most notably the Monza 12h Cycling Marathon[12] and Monza 21 Half Marathon.[12] The venue was also selected by Nike scientists for the Breaking2 event, where three runners attempted to break the 2 hour barrier for the marathon. Eliud Kipchoge ran 2:00:25.[13]

A very fast circuit, Monza has been the site of many fatal accidents, especially in the early years of the Formula One world championship,[14] and has claimed the lives of 52 drivers and 35 spectators. Track modifications have continuously occurred, to improve spectator safety and reduce curve speeds,[8] but it is still criticised by the current drivers for its lack of run-off areas, most notoriously at the chicane that cuts the Variante della Roggia.[14]

History

Early history
The starting grid of the "1st Cup Fiera di Milano" race held in 1925.
A race in 1925 with cars racing across the bridge.
The Pista di Alta Velocità banking, 2003.

The first track was built from May to July 1922 by 3,500 workers, financed by the Milan Automobile Club[9] – which created the Società Incremento Automobilismo e Sport (SIAS) (English: Motoring and Sport Encouragement Company) to run the track.[15] The initial form was a 3.4 square kilometres (1.31 sq mi) site with 10 km (6.2 mi) of macadamised road – comprising a 4.5 km (2.8 mi) loop track, and a 5.5 km (3.4 mi) road track.[9][15] The track was officially opened on 3 September 1922, with the maiden race the second Italian Grand Prix held on 10 September 1922.[15]

In 1928, the most serious Italian racing accident to date[9][14] ended in the death of driver Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators at that year's Italian Grand Prix.[9][14] The accident led to further Grand Prix races' confinement to the high-speed loop until 1932.[16] For these reasons the Italian Grand Prix wasn't held again until 1931; in the meantime the 1930 Monza Grand Prix was held on the high speed ring only, while in 1930 Vincenzo Florio introduced the Florio Circuit. The 1933 Italian Grand Prix was held on the original complete layout but it was marred by the deaths of three drivers (Giuseppe Campari, Baconin Borzacchini and Stanislaw Czaykowski) in the supporting Monza Grand Prix held on the same day - which became known as the "Black Day of Monza" - over the shorter oval circuit[15][17][18] and the Grand Prix layout was changed: in 1934 a short circuit with two lanes of the straight line joined by a hairpin, Curva Sud of the banking (with a double chicane) driven in the opposite direction than usual, the "Florio link" and the Curva Sud (with a small chicane). This configuration was considered too slow and in 1935 Florio Circuit was used again, this time with four temporary chicanes and another one permanent (along the Curva Sud of the banking). In 1938 only the last one was used.[19]

There was major rebuilding in 1938–39, constructing new stands and entrances, resurfacing the track, removing the high speed ring and adding two new bends on the southern part of the circuit.[15][16] The resulting layout gave a Grand Prix lap of 6.300 km (3.915 mi), in use until 1954.[20] The outbreak of World War II meant racing at the track was suspended until 1948[20] and parts of the circuit degraded due to the lack of maintenance and military use.[8] Monza was renovated over a period of two months at the beginning of 1948[15] and a Grand Prix was held on 17 October 1948.[20]

High speed oval

In 1954, work began to entirely revamp the circuit, resulting in a 5.750 km (3.573 mi) course, and a new 4.250 km (2.641 mi) high-speed oval with banked sopraelevata curves (the southern one was moved slightly north).[8][21] The two circuits could be combined to re-create the former 10 kilometres (6.214 mi)[8] long circuit, with cars running parallel on the main straight. The first Lesmo curve was modified to be made faster, and the track infrastructure and facilities were also updated and improved to better accommodate the teams and spectators.[15][21]

The Automobile Club of Italy held 500 mi (800 km) Race of Two Worlds exhibition competitions, intended to pit United States Auto Club IndyCars against European Formula One and sports cars.[8][21] The races were held on the oval at the end of June in 1957 and 1958,[22] with three 63 lap[23] 267.67 kilometres (166.32 mi) heat races each year, races which colloquially became known as the Monzanapolis series.[22][24] Concerns were raised among the European drivers that flat-out racing on the banking would be too dangerous,[24] so ultimately only Ecurie Ecosse and Maserati represented European racing at the first running.[25] The American teams had brought special Firestone tyres with them, reinforced to withstand high-speed running on the bumpy Monza surface, but the Maseratis' steering was badly affected by the larger-than-usual tyre size, leading to the Modena-based team withdrawal.[25]

Ecurie Ecosse's three Jaguar D-type sports cars used their Le Mans-specification tyres with no ill-effects, but since they raced at less than their practice speeds to conserve their tyres, they were completely out paced. Two heats in 1957 were won by Jimmy Bryan in his Kuzma-Offenhauser Dean Van Lines Special,[25][26] and the last by Troy Ruttman in the Watson-Offenhauser John Zink Special.[27] In 1958 Jaguar, Ferrari and Maserati teams appeared alongside the Indy roadsters,[21][28] but once again the American cars dominated the event and Jim Rathmann won the three races in a Watson-Offenhauser car.[22]

Formula One used the 10 km (6.2 mi) high speed track in the 1955, 1956, 1960 and 1961 Grands Prix.[8][21] Stirling Moss and Phil Hill both won twice in this period, with Hill's win at Monza making him the first American to win a Formula One race.[29] The 1961 race saw the death of Wolfgang von Trips and fifteen spectators when a collision with Jim Clark's Lotus sent von Trips' car airborne and into the barriers on Parabolica.[15][29]

Although the accident did not occur on the oval section of the track, the high speeds were deemed unsafe and F1 use of the oval was ended;[30] future Grands Prix were held on the shorter road circuit,[21] with the banking appearing one last time in the film Grand Prix.[30] New safety walls, rails and fences were added before the next race and the refuelling area was moved further from the track. Chicanes were added before both bankings in 1966, and another fatality in the 1968 1000 km Monza race led to run-off areas added to the curves, with the track layout changing the next year to incorporate permanent chicanes before the banked curves – extending the track length by 100 m (110 yd).[21]

The banking held the last race in 1969 with the 1000 km of Monza, the event moving to the road circuit the next year.[21] The banking still exists, albeit in a decayed state in the years since the last race, escaping demolition in the 1990s. It is used once a year for the Monza Rally, which served part of the 2021 World Rally Championship, which was the first FIA championship event since 1969.[30] The banked oval was used several times for record breaking until the late 1960s, although the severe bumping was a major suspension and tyre test for the production cars attempting endurance records, such as the Ford Corsair GT which in 1964 captured 13 records.[31]

Circuit changes and modernisation

Both car and Grand Prix motorcycle racing were regular attractions at Monza.[21] These races involved drivers constantly slipstreaming competing cars, which produced several close finishes, such as in 1967, 1969, and 1971.

As the speed of the machines increased, two chicanes were added in 1972 to reduce racing speeds – the Variante del Rettifilo at the middle of the start/finish straight,[32] and the Variante Ascari.[15] This resulted in a new circuit length of 5.755 km (3.576 mi).[32] Grand Prix motorcycles continued to use the un-slowed road track until two serious accidents resulted in five deaths, including Renzo Pasolini and Jarno Saarinen,[32] in 1973, and motorcycle racing did not return to Monza until 1981.[32] The 1972 chicanes were soon seen to be ineffective at slowing cars; the Vialone was remade in 1974,[32] the other, Curva Grande in 1976,[15] and a third also added in 1976 before the Lesmo, with extended run-off areas.[32] The Grand Prix lap after these alterations was increased to 5.800 km (3.604 mi) long.[32]

With technology still increasing vehicle speeds the track was modified again in 1979 with added safety measures such as new kerbs, extended run-off areas and tyre-barriers to improve safety for drivers off the track.[33] The infrastructure was also improved, with pits able to accommodate 46 cars, and an upgraded paddock and scrutineering facilities.[33] These changes encouraged world championship motorcycling to return in 1981, but further safety work was undertaken through the 1980s.[33] Also in the 1980s the podium, paddock and pits complex, stands,[33][34] and camp site were either rebuilt or improved.[15]

As motorsport became more safety conscious following the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger in 1994 at the Imola circuit, the three main long curves were "squeezed" in order to install larger gravel traps, shortening the lap to 5.770 km (3.585 mi).[34] In 1997 the stands were reworked to expand capacity to 51,000.[34] In 2000, the chicane on the main straight was altered, changing from a double left-right chicane to a single right-left chicane in an attempt to reduce the frequent accidents at the starts due to the conformation of the braking area, although it is still deemed unsafe in terms of motorcycle racing. The second chicane was also re-profiled. In the Formula 1 Grand Prix of the same year, the first to use these new chicanes, a fire marshal, Paolo Gislimberti, was killed by flying debris after a big pileup at the second chicane.[14]

In 2007, the run-off area at the second chicane was changed from gravel to asphalt. The length of the track in its current configuration is 5.793 km (3.600 mi).[3] At the 2010 Monza Superbike World Championship round, Italian rider Max Biaggi set the fastest ever motorcycle lap of Monza when he rode his Aprilia RSV4 1000 F to pole position in a time of 1:42.121. In the Superpole qualification for the 2011 race, he improved on this lap time, for a new lap record of 1:41.745 and his speed was captured at 205+ MPH.

In late 2016, work was planned on a new first bend, which would have bypassed the first chicane and the Curva Grande. Drivers were to go through a fast right hand kink and into a new, faster chicane. Work was planned for to be completed by 2017 in hopes of a renewed contract for Formula 1. Gravel would have also returned to the run-off area at the Parabolica bend.[35] However, plans for the track's change were suspended due to the track being in the historic Monza Park.

A lap of the circuit in a Formula One car
Satellite photograph of the circuit from 2018
The 1.12 km (0.70 mi) start/finish straight.[36]

Monza, throughout its long and storied history has been known for its high-speed, simplistic (compared to "harder" circuits such as Singapore or Monaco, which are tight, unforgiving street circuits with lots of corners) nature thanks to its 1920s design and the few alterations it has received, and is currently the fastest track on the Formula One calendar and has been so since 1991. Monza consists of very long straights and tight chicanes, putting a premium on good braking stability and traction. The 5.793 km (3.600 mi)[3] circuit is very hard on engines; Formula 1 engines are at full throttle for nearly 80% of the lap, with engine failures common, notably Fernando Alonso in the 2006 Italian Grand Prix or Nico Rosberg in the 2015 Italian Grand Prix.

Drivers are on full throttle for most of the lap due to its long straights and fast corners, and is usually the scenario in which the open-wheeled Formula One cars show the raw speed of which they are capable: 372 km/h (231 mph) during the mid-2000s V10 engine formula, although in 2012 with the 2.4L V8 engines, top speeds in Formula One rarely reached over 340 km/h (210 mph); the 1.6L turbocharged hybrid V6 engine, reduced-downforce formula of 2014 displayed top speeds of up to 360 km/h (220 mph). The circuit is generally flat, but has a gradual gradient from the second Lesmos to the Variante Ascari. Due to the low aerodynamic profile needed, with its resulting low downforce,[14] the grip is very low; understeer is a more serious issue than at other circuits; however, the opposite effect, oversteer, is also present in the second sector, requiring the use of a very distinctive opposite lock technique. Since both maximum power and minimal drag are keys for speed on the straights, only competitors with enough power or aerodynamic efficiency at their disposal are able to challenge for the top places.[14]

Formula One cars are set up with one of the smallest wing angles on the F1 calendar to ensure the lowest level of drag on the straights. There are only 6 corner complexes at Monza: the first two chicanes, the two Lesmos, the Ascari complex and the Parabolica. Thus cars are set up for maximum performance on the straights.

Cars approach the first corner at 340 km/h (210 mph) in eighth gear,[3] and brake at about 120 m (130 yd) before the first chicane—the Variante del Rettifilo—entering at 86 km/h (53 mph) in second gear, and exiting at 72 km/h (45 mph) in second gear.[3] This is the scene of many first-lap accidents. Higher kerbs were installed at the first two chicanes in 2009 to prevent cutting.[37]

Good traction out of the first corner is imperative for a quick lap. Conservation of speed through the first chicane is made possible by driving the straightest line, as a small mistake here can result in a lot of time being lost through the Curva Grande down to the Variante della Roggia chicane in eighth gear, at 330 km/h (210 mph).[3] The braking point is just under the bridge. The kerbs are brutal and it is very easy for a car to become unbalanced and a driver to lose control, as Kimi Räikkönen did in 2005. This chicane is probably the best overtaking chance on the lap, as it is the only one with the "slow corner, long straight, slow corner"; one of the characteristics of modern circuits.

Aerial photo of the Autodromo of Monza, with the village of Villasanta in the upper part. The city of Monza is southwards off to the right of the photo.

The Curve di Lesmo are two corners that are not as fast as they used to be, but are still challenging corners. The first is blind, entered at 273 km/h (170 mph) in sixth gear, apexing at 217 km/h (135 mph),[3] and has a slight banking. The second is a seventh gear entry at 278 km/h (173 mph), apexing in fifth gear at 203.5 km/h (126.4 mph),[3] and it is very important that all the kerb is used. A mistake at one of these corners will result in a spin into the gravel, while good exits can set a driver up for an overtaking move into Variante Ascari.

The downhill straight down to Variante Ascari is very bumpy under the bridge. Variante Ascari is a very tricky sequence of corners and is key to the lap time.

The final challenge is the Curva Parabolica: approaching at 335 km/h (208 mph) in eighth gear,[3] cars quickly dance around the corner, apexing in sixth gear at 229 km/h (142 mph)[3] and exiting in sixth gear at 285 km/h (177 mph),[3] accelerating onto the main start/finish straight. A good exit and slipstream off a fellow driver along the main straight can produce an overtaking opportunity under heavy braking into Variante del Rettifilo; however, it is difficult to follow a leading car closely through the Parabolica as the tow will reduce downforce and cornering speed.

Maximum speed achieved in a 2022 Formula One car is 356.4 km/h (221.5 mph), established at the end of the start/finish straight.[38] They experience a maximum g-force of 4.50 during deceleration, and the track has many dramatic high to low speed transitions.[39][3]

Lap records

Lewis Hamilton recorded the fastest pole position lap at Monza in 2020, when he lapped in 1:18.887 at an average speed of 264.362 km/h (164.267 mph) – the fastest average lap speed recorded in qualifying for a World Championship event.[40][41] The official race lap record for the current circuit layout is 1:21.046, set by Rubens Barrichello during the 2004 Italian Grand Prix. The official race lap records of Autodromo Nazionale di Monza are listed as:

CategoryDriverVehicleTimeEvent
Grand Prix Circuit (2000–present): 5.793 km
Formula One Rubens BarrichelloFerrari F20041:21.0462004 Italian Grand Prix
GP2 Lewis HamiltonDallara GP2/051:30.528[42]2006 Monza GP2 Series round
LMP1 Nicolas MinassianPeugeot 908 HDi FAP1:32.449[43]2008 1000 km of Monza
FIA F2 Richard VerschoorDallara F2 20181:33.1552022 Monza Formula 2 round
Formula Renault 3.5 Will StevensDallara T121:34.899[44]2013 Monza Formula Renault 3.5 Series round
LMP2 Mikkel JensenAurus 011:35.988[45]2020 4 Hours of Monza
Auto GP Luca FilippiLola B05/521:36.286[46]2011 Monza Auto GP round
Superleague Formula Antonio PizzoniaPanoz DP091:36.4662009 Monza Superleague Formula round
LMH Romain DumasGlickenhaus SCG 007 LMH1:36.589[47]2022 6 Hours of Monza
GP3 Conor DalyDallara GP3/131:38.237[48]2013 Monza GP3 Series round
F3000 Björn WirdheimLola B02/501:38.881[49]2003 Monza F3000 round
FIA F3 Jonny EdgarDallara F3 20191:38.887[50]2022 Monza Formula 3 round
F2 (2009–2012) Mihai MarinescuWilliams JPH11:39.997[51]2011 Monza FTwo round
WSC Christian PescatoriFerrari 333 SP1:40.775[52]2000 Aprimatic Trophy
Group C Éric HélaryJaguar XJR-141:42.146[53]2019 Monza Historic
Euroformula Open Frederick LubinDallara 3201:43.708[54]2022 Monza Euroformula Open round
LMP3 Laurents HörrLigier JS P3201:44.374[55]2020 Monza Le Mans Cup round
GT1 (GTS) Uwe AlzenSaleen S7-R1:44.708[56]2004 FIA GT Monza 500km
World SBK Michel FabrizioDucati 1098R1:45.3362009 Monza World SBK round
LM GTE Alessandro Pier Guidi Ferrari 488 GTE Evo1:45.947[47]2022 6 Hours of Monza
LMP675 Werner LupbergerPilbeam MP841:47.071[52]2000 Aprimatic Trophy
GT3 Miguel RamosMercedes-AMG GT31:47.153[57]2019 Monza International GT Open round
FREC Isack HadjarTatuus F.3 T-3181:47.236[58]2021 Monza FREC round
Formula Renault 2.0 Joey AldersTatuus FR-191:48.402[59]2020 Monza Formula Renault Eurocup round
SRO GT2 Anders FjordbachAudi R8 LMS GT21:49.489[60]2021 Monza GT2 European Series round
Carrera Cup Simone IaquintaPorsche 911 (991 II) GT3 Cup1:49.557[61]2020 Monza Porsche Carrera Cup Italia round
World SSP Cal CrutchlowYamaha YZF-R61:49.7282009 Monza World SSP round
N-GT Stéphane OrtelliPorsche 911 (996) GT3-RSR1:49.967[56]2004 FIA GT Monza 500km
Ferrari Challenge Luka NurmiFerrari 488 Challenge Evo1:50.266[62]2021 Monza Ferrari Challenge Europe round
GT2 Emmanuel CollardPorsche 911 (997) GT3-RSR1:50.646[63]2008 FIA GT Monza 2 Hours
Formula 4 Lando NorrisTatuus F4-T0141:53.104[64]2015 Italian F4 Championship Monza round
WTCC Thed BjörkVolvo S60 Polestar TC11:53.381[65]2017 FIA WTCC Race of Italy
Group 6 Yves ScemamaTOJ SC3041:54.109[53]2019 Monza Historic
JS P4 Gillian HenrionLigier JS P41:54.159[66]2022 Monza Ligier European Series round
Super Touring Peter KoxHonda Accord1:54.859[67]2000 Monza ESTC round
Group 5 sports car Claudio RoddaroPorsche 9171:55.137[53]2019 Monza Historic
TCR Touring Car Mikel AzconaCupra León Competición TCR1:57.333[68]2021 Monza TCR Europe round
GT4 Jim PlaMercedes-AMG GT41:57.873[69]2021 Monza GT4 European Series round
Formula BMW Jack HarveyMygale FB021:58.683[70]2009 Monza Formula BMW Europe Round
Stock car racing Ander VilariñoChevrolet Camaro NASCAR1:59.256[71]2013 Monza NASCAR Whelen Euro Series round
Alpine Elf Europa Cup Alexis GarcinAlpine A110 Cup1:59.871[72]2022 Monza Alpine Elf Europa Cup round
Super 2000 Augusto FarfusAlfa Romeo 156 GTA Super 20002:00.036[73]2004 Monza ETCC round
JS2 R Horst Felix FelbermayrLigier JS2 R2:00.428[74]2022 Monza Ligier European Series round
Group 2 touring car Michael FerlichBMW 3.0 CSL2:04.174[53]2019 Monza Historic
Group 3 GT Charles FirmenichShelby Cobra2:09.965[53]2019 Monza Historic
Formula Junior Pierre TonettiBrabham BT62:11.003[53]2019 Monza Historic
Motocycle Circuit (2010–present): 5.777 km
World SBK Tom SykesKawasaki Ninja ZX-10R1:42.229[75]2013 Monza World SBK round
World SSP Eugene LavertyHonda CBR600RR1:47.7672010 Monza World SSP round
Junior Course (1959–present): 2.405 km
Group 5 Giorgio SchönPorsche 934/7654.300[76]1976 Monza Group 5 round
Group 6 Pier Giorgio PellegrinFiat Abarth 1000SP56.500[77]1971 Monza Sports Prototype round
Group 4 Ennio BonomelliPorsche 911 Carrera RSR56.700[78]1973 Coppa Agip Monza
Group 2 Angelo ChiappariniAlfa Romeo GTA1:02.000[79]1973 Coppa Agip Monza
Grand Prix Circuit (1996–1999): 5.770 km
Formula One Mika HakkinenMcLaren MP4/121:24.808[80]1997 Italian Grand Prix
WSC Éric BernardLola B98/101:39.137[81]1999 500km Aprimatic ISRS Trophy
Italian F3000 Marcelo BattistuzziLola T96/501:40.849[82]1999 Monza Italian F3000 round
GT1 Ray BellmMcLaren F1 GTR1:44.354[83]1996 BPR 4 Hours of Monza
Formula 3 Peter SundbergDallara F3991:45.393[84]1999 Monza Italian F3 round
GT2 Olivier BerettaChrysler Viper GTS-R1:46.278[85]1999 FIA GT Monza 500km
World SBK Troy CorserDucati 9961:46.533[86]1999 Monza World SBK round
Super Touring Fabrizio GiovanardiAlfa Romeo 156 D21:51.946[87]1999 Monza Italian Superturismo round
World SSP Christian KellnerYamaha YZF-R61:53.155[88]1999 Monza World SSP round
Carrera Cup Ralf KellenersPorsche 911 (996) GT3 Cup1:54.460[89]1998 Monza Porsche Supercup round
Grand Prix Circuit (1994–1995): 5.834 km[90]
Formula One Damon HillWilliams FW16B1:25.930[91]1994 Italian Grand Prix
GT1 Anders OlofssonFerrari F40 GTE1:46.203[92]1995 BPR 4 Hours of Monza
Formula 3 Michele GaspariniDallara F3941:46.910[93]1994 Monza Italian F3 round
World SBK Carl FogartyDucati 9161:48.330[94]1995 Monza World SBK round
Super Touring Antonio TamburiniAlfa Romeo 155 TS1:56.133[95]1994 Monza Italian Superturismo round
Grand Prix Circuit (1976–1993): 5.800 km
Formula One Damon HillWilliams FW15C1:23.575[96]1993 Italian Grand Prix
Group C Martin BrundleJaguar XJR-141:29.1281991 430 km of Monza
F3000 Damon HillLola T90/501:38.881[97]1990 Monza F3000 round
Group 6 racing cars Arturo MerzarioAlfa Romeo T33/SC/121:42.350[98]1977 500 km of Monza
Formula Two Brian HentonToleman TG280B1:42.790[99]1980 Monza Grand Prix
Formula 3 Niko PalharesDallara F3911:46.408[100]1991 Monza Italian F3 round
500cc Wayne GardnerHonda NSR5001:49.0001987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Group A Nicola LariniAlfa Romeo 155 GTA1:50.297[101]1992 1st Monza Italian Superturismo round
BMW M1 Procar Niki LaudaBMW M1 Procar1:53.560[102]1979 Monza BMW M1 Procar round
World SBK Rob PhillisKawasaki ZXR-7501:54.650[103]1990 Monza World SBK round
250cc Dominique SarronHonda NSR2501:55.7501987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Super Touring Eric van de PoeleNissan Primera GT1:58.080[104]1993 FIA Touring Car Challenge
125cc Bruno CasanovaGarelli 125 GP2:03.1501987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
50cc Eugenio LazzariniGarelli 50 GP2:27.7601983 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Grand Prix Circuit (1974–1976): 5.780 km
Group 6 prototype Jean-Pierre JarierAlpine A4421:29.600[105]1976 Monza 4 Hours
Group 5 prototype Derek BellMirage GR71:31.300[106]1974 1000km of Monza
Formula One Clay RegazzoniFerrari 312T1:33.100[107]1975 Italian Grand Prix
Formula 5000 Peter GethinChevron B281:37.400[108]1974 Monza F5000 round
Group 2 Vittorio BrambillaBMW 3.0 CSL1:41.300[109]1975 4 Hours of Monza
Formula 3 Luigino GrassiRalt RT11:49.200[110]1975 Monza European F3 round
Grand Prix Circuit (1972–1973): 5.775 km
Group 5 prototype François CevertMatra-Simca MS6701:21.900[111]1973 1000km of Monza
F1 Jackie StewartTyrrell 0061:35.3001973 Italian Grand Prix
Group 2 Vittorio Brambilla[lower-alpha 1]
Jochen Mass[lower-alpha 1]		BMW 3.0 CSL[lower-alpha 1]
Ford Capri RS 2600[lower-alpha 1]		1:38.300[112]1973 4 Hours of Monza
Group 4 Marcello GalloDe Tomaso Pantera1:40.000[113]1973 6 Hours of Monza
Formula Two Roger WilliamsonMarch 7321:41.000[114]1973 Monza F2 round
Grand Prix Circuit (1955–1959, 1962–1971): 5.750 km
F1 Henri PescaroloMarch 7111:23.8001971 Italian Grand Prix
Group 5 sportscars Pedro RodríguezPorsche 917K1:24.000[115]1971 1000km of Monza
Formula 5000 Frank GardnerLola T1921:27.300[116]1971 Monza F5000 round
500cc Giacomo AgostiniMV Agusta 500 Three1:41:2001971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
350cc Giacomo AgostiniMV Agusta 350 3C1:44:1001970 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
250cc Bill IvyYamaha 250 V41:45.7001967 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
125cc Gilberto ParlottiMorbidelli 1251:54.6001971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
50cc Jan de VriesKreidler 50 GP2:10.0001971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Oval Circuit (1955–1971): 4.250 km
USAC Indycar Bob VeithKurtis Kraft 500G-Offenhauser0:54.000[117]1958 Race of Two Worlds
Combined Circuit (1955–1971): 10.000 km
F1 Phil HillFerrari 246 F12:43.600[118]1960 Italian Grand Prix
Grand Prix Circuit (1948–1954): 6.300 km[119]
F1 Giuseppe FarinaAlfa Romeo 159M1:56.200[120]1951 Italian Grand Prix
500cc Geoff DukeGilera 500 4C2:04.6001954 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
350cc Fergus AndersonMoto Guzzi e502:14.8001954 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
250cc Enrico LorenzettiMoto Guzzi 2502:20.6001953 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
125cc Werner HaasNSU 1252:37.0001953 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Florio Circuit (1938–1949): 6.993 km[119]
GP Hermann LangMercedes-Benz W1542:34.200[121]1938 Italian Grand Prix
Florio Circuit with temporary chicanes (1935–1937): 6.95 km[119]
GP Tazio NuvolariAlfa Romeo Monoposto Tipo-C "8C-35"2:49.8001935 Italian Grand Prix
Grand Prix Circuit (1934): 4.330 km
GP Hans StuckAuto Union Type A2:13.600[122]1934 Italian Grand Prix
Original Grand Prix Circuit (1922–1933): 10.000 km
GP Luigi FagioliAlfa Romeo P33:13.200[123]1933 Italian Grand Prix

Deaths from crashes
The curve where Alberto Ascari crashed in 1955. He died a few minutes later.
  • 1922 Fritz Kuhn (Austro-Daimler), killed during practice for the 1922 Italian Grand Prix[17]
  • 1923 Enrico Giaccone, riding as passenger in a Fiat 805 during private testing, with Pietro Bordino driving[17]
  • 1923 Ugo Sivocci (Alfa Romeo P1), killed during practice for the 1923 Italian Grand Prix[17]
  • 1924 Count Louis Zborowski (Mercedes), killed after crashing into a tree at Lesmo during the 1924 Italian Grand Prix[17]
  • 1928 Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators killed after Materassi crashed his Talbot into the grandstand during the 1928 Italian Grand Prix[9][14][17]
  • 1931 Luigi Arcangeli (Alfa Romeo), killed after crashing at Lesmo during practice for the 1931 Italian Grand Prix[17]
  • 1933 Giuseppe Campari (Alfa Romeo Tipo B 2.6 litre), Mario Umberto Borzacchini (Maserati 8C-3000) and Stanislas Czaykowski (Bugatti), killed after crashing at the south banking during the 1933 Monza Grand Prix[16][17]
  • 1954 Rupert Hollaus, killed during practice during the Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
  • 1955 Alberto Ascari, killed during private testing at the Vialone, which is now the Ascari chicane, driving a Ferrari 750 Monza, just four days after his harbour crash in the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix[14]
  • 1961 Wolfgang von Trips[14][21] and 14 spectators killed after von Trips collided with Jim Clark approaching the Parabolica on the second lap of the 1961 Italian Grand Prix
  • 1965 Bruno Deserti, killed during Ferrari official test prior to Le Mans in a Ferrari P2/3 4000 cc
  • 1965 Tommy Spychiger, killed during 1000K Sports car race in Ferrari 365P2[21]
  • 1970 Jochen Rindt, killed after crashing at the Parabolica during practice for the 1970 Italian Grand Prix[14]
  • 1973 Renzo Pasolini, Jarno Saarinen killed in a mass crash at the Curva Grande during the 250 cc class of the Nations Grand Prix (Prior to 1990, the Italian round was called the Nations Grand Prix)[32]
  • 1973 Carlo Chionio, Renzo Colombini and Renato Galtrucco during a race for 500 cc Juniores Italian motorcycle championship[32]
  • 1974 Silvio Moser, died in hospital one month after suffering injuries at the 1000 km Monza race
  • 1978 Ronnie Peterson, died in hospital after crashing during the start of the 1978 Italian Grand Prix[14][15][32]
  • 1998 Michael Paquay, Belgian motorbike racer, died after a crash in practice for the Italian round of World Supersport Championships, Honda CBR 600
  • 2000 Paolo Gislimberti, a marshal hit by debris from a first-lap accident at the Roggia chicane during the Italian Grand Prix[14][124]

Previous track configurations
  • Original circuit (1922–1933)
  • Florio circuit (1935–1938)[125]
  • 2nd variation (1948–1954)[119]
  • 3rd variation (Combined circuit) (1955–1956, 1960–1961)
  • 3rd variation (Oval circuit) (1955–1971)
  • 4th variation (Road circuit) (1957–1959, 1962–1971)
  • 5th variation (1972–1973)
  • 6th variation (1974–1975)
  • 7th variation (1976–1993)[126]
  • 8th variation (1994–1999)
  • 9th variation (2000–present)

Events
Current
  • April: Italian GT Championship, TCR Italian Series, Formula Regional European Championship
  • May: Campionato Italiano Auto Storiche
  • July: FIA World Endurance Championship 6 Hours of Monza, European Le Mans Series 4 Hours of Monza, Le Mans Cup
  • September: Formula One Italian Grand Prix, FIA Formula 2 Championship, FIA Formula 3 Championship, Porsche Supercup, International GT Open, Euroformula Open Championship, TCR Europe Series
  • October: Italian GT Championship, Italian F4 Championship, Porsche Carrera Cup Italy
Future
  • 24H Series 12 Hours of Monza (2020, 2023)
  • GT World Challenge Europe 3 Hours of Monza (2013–2019, 2021, 2023)
  • GT2 European Series (2021, 2023)
Former
  • Auto GP (1999–2005, 2007, 2009–2014, 2016)
  • BMW M1 Procar Championship (1979)
  • BPR Global GT Series (1995–1996)
  • Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (2021)
  • European Formula 5000 Championship (1970–1971, 1974)
  • European Formula Two Championship (1973)
  • European Touring Car Championship (1964–1986, 1988, 2000–2001, 2003–2004)
  • European Touring Car Cup (2012–2013, 2017)
  • FIA European Formula 3 Championship (1975–1980, 1982–1984)
  • FIA Formula 3 European Championship (2013, 2015, 2017)
  • FIA GT Championship (1999–2001, 2003–2005, 2007–2008)
  • FIA Sportscar Championship (1999–2001, 2003)
  • FIM Endurance World Championship (1964–1965, 1985, 1987)
  • Formula Renault Eurocup (2004–2005, 2016–2020)
  • French F4 Championship (2021)
  • GP2 Series Monza GP2 round (2005–2016)
  • GP3 Series (2010–2018)
  • Grand Prix motorcycle racing Italian motorcycle Grand Prix (1949–1968, 1970–1971, 1981, 1983, 1986–1987)
  • International Formula 3000 (1988, 1990, 2001–2004)
  • Race of Two Worlds (1957–1958)
  • Sidecar World Championship (1949–1957, 1965, 1967, 1999–2003)
  • Superbike World Championship (1990, 1992–1993, 1995–2013)
  • Superleague Formula (2009)
  • World Series by Renault (2005, 2007–2008, 2011, 2013–2014, 2016–2017)
  • World Sportscar Championship (1963–1975, 1980–1988, 1990–1992)
  • World Touring Car Championship FIA WTCC Race of Italy (2005–2008, 2010–2013, 2017)
Special
  • Nike Breaking2
  • Italian rock band The Rock Alchemist, whose song "The Temple", from their 2017 album: Elements, was written as an anthem for the Monza Motor Racing Circuit.
  • The Luigi Circuit in Mario Kart Wii is loosely based on the track minus the chicanes.

See also
  • List of sporting venues with a highest attendance of 100,000 or more

Notes
  1. Both drivers took the same lap time in this race independently.

References
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