M. Night Shyamalan
Manoj Nelliyattu "M. Night" Shyamalan[1] (/ˈʃɑːməlɑːn/ SHAH-mə-lahn;[3] born August 6, 1970)[4] is an Indian-American filmmaker and actor. He is best known for making original films with contemporary supernatural plots and twist endings. He was born in Mahé, India, and raised in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. The cumulative gross of his films exceeds $3.3 billion globally.[5]
M. Night Shyamalan | |
|---|---|
 Shyamalan in 2016 | |
| Born | Manoj Nelliyattu Shyamalan August 6, 1970 Mahé, Pondicherry, India |
| Nationality | American[1] |
| Alma mater | New York University |
| Occupation |
|
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Works | Full list |
| Spouse | Bhavna Vaswani (m. 1992) |
| Children | 3 |
| Awards | Full list |
| Honors | Padma Shri (2008)[2] |
He made his directorial debut in 1992 with the film Praying with Anger. His second film was the comedy-drama Wide Awake (1998). His best-received films include the supernatural thriller The Sixth Sense (1999), the superhero thriller Unbreakable (2000), the science fiction thriller Signs (2002), and the period thriller The Village (2004). For The Sixth Sense, Shyamalan received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. After 2004, Shyamalan released a series of poorly received but sometimes financially successful films, including the dark fantasy Lady in the Water (2006), the eco-thriller The Happening (2008), The Last Airbender (2010) (an adaptation of the first season of the Nickelodeon animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender) and the science fiction film After Earth (2013).
Following the financial failure of After Earth, Shyamalan's career was revived with the release of the found footage horror film The Visit (2015), the psychological thriller Split (2016) and the superhero thriller Glass (2019). With a total budget of $34 million between them, these three films earned a combined box office of $625 million. Glass is the third and final chapter of his Eastrail 177 trilogy, which commenced in 2000. His latest feature film was the supernatural thriller Old, which was released in 2021 and grossed $90 million on a budget of $18 million.[6]
In addition to his directorial work, Shyamalan was story creator and a producer for the horror film Devil (2010). Shyamalan was also called in for an uncredited rewrite for the teen film She's All That (1999) and also served as a writer for the film Stuart Little (1999). He is also one of the executive producers and occasional director of Wayward Pines and the critically acclaimed series Servant, for which he also serves as showrunner.[7][8]
Shyamalan is also known for setting and shooting his films in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, along with nearby Reading, Pennsylvania.[9][10][11][12] Most of his commercially successful films were co-produced and released by Walt Disney Studios' Touchstone and Hollywood Pictures and Universal imprints. In 2008, Shyamalan was honored with the Padma Shri award by the Government of India.[13]
Shyamalan was the Jury President of the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival competition section.[14]
Early life
Shyamalan was born in Mahé, India to ethnic Indian parents in a town in the Union Territory of Pondicherry.[15][16] His father, Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan, is a Malayali neurologist from Mahé and a JIPMER graduate; his mother, Dr. Jayalakshmi, a Tamil, is an OB-GYN.[17]
Shyamalan's parents immigrated to the United States when he was six weeks old. Shyamalan was raised in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. Shyamalan was raised Hindu.[18] He attended the private Roman Catholic grammar school Waldron Mercy Academy, followed by the Episcopal Academy, a private Episcopal high school located at the time in Merion Station, Pennsylvania. He felt like an outsider and remembers that teachers would say that whoever was not baptized would go to hell.[19] When he was a student there, a teacher once became upset because he "got the best grade and [he] wasn't Catholic".[19] Shyamalan earned the New York University Merit Scholarship in 1988, and was also a National Merit Scholar.[20] Shyamalan is an alumnus of New York University Tisch School of the Arts in Manhattan,[21] graduating in 1992. It was while studying there that he adopted "Night" as his second name.
Shyamalan had an early desire to be a filmmaker when he was given a Super 8 camera at a young age. Though his father wanted him to follow in the family practice of medicine, his mother encouraged him to follow his passion. By the time he was seventeen, he had made forty-five home movies. On each DVD release of his films, beginning with The Sixth Sense and with the exception of Lady in the Water, he has included a scene from one of these childhood movies, which, he feels, represents his first attempt at the same kind of film.
Career
Film
for The Happening in 2008.
Shyamalan made his first film, the semi-autobiographical drama Praying with Anger, while still a student at NYU, using money borrowed from family and friends.[22] He wrote and directed his second movie, Wide Awake. His parents were the film's associate producers. The drama dealt with a ten-year-old Catholic schoolboy (Joseph Cross) who, after the death of his grandfather (Robert Loggia), searches for God. The film's supporting cast included Dana Delany and Denis Leary as the boy's parents, as well as Rosie O'Donnell, Julia Stiles, and Camryn Manheim. Wide Awake was filmed in a school Shyamalan attended as a child[23] and earned 1999 Young Artist Award nominations for Best Drama, and, for Cross, Best Performance.[24] Only in limited release, the film grossed $305,704 in theaters, against a $6 million budget.[25]
That same year Shyamalan co-wrote the screenplay for Stuart Little with Greg Brooker. In 2013, he revealed he was the ghostwriter for the 1999 film She's All That, a teen comedy starring Freddie Prinze Jr. and Rachael Leigh Cook.[26] On June 17, 2013, Jack Lechner (who served as Miramax's head of development in the late 1990s) confirmed that both Shyamalan and R. Lee Fleming, Jr. contributed to the script: Fleming wrote the initial script that Miramax bought while Shyamalan did an uncredited rewrite (doing more than "a polish") that got the film green-lit. Lechner reiterated that content from both writers was included in the final cut of the film.[27]
Shyamalan gained international recognition when he wrote and directed 1999's The Sixth Sense, which became the second-highest grossing horror movie of all time.[28] The Sixth Sense was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.
In July 2000, on The Howard Stern Show, Shyamalan said he had met with Spielberg and was in early talks to write the script for the fourth Indiana Jones film. This would have given Shyamalan a chance to work with his longtime idol.[29] After the film fell through, Shyamalan later said it was too "tricky" to arrange and "not the right thing" for him to do.[30]
Shyamalan followed The Sixth Sense by writing and directing Unbreakable, released in 2000, a stealth comic book movie within a thriller which was both critically and financially successful.
Shyamalan's name was linked with the 2001 film Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, but it conflicted with the production of Unbreakable. In July 2006, while doing press tours for Lady in the Water, Shyamalan had said he was still interested in directing one of the last two Harry Potter films: "The themes that run through it ... the empowering of children, a positive outlook ... you name it, it falls in line with my beliefs", Shyamalan said. "I enjoy the humor in it. When I read the first Harry Potter and was thinking about making it, I had a whole different vibe in my head of it".[31]
His 2002 film was Signs, where he also played Ray Reddy. It was regarding how a man regains his faith in God during an alien invasion. It was both critically and financially successful and grossed $408 million from a budget of $72 million.
His next movie was The Village (2004), about an isolated community living in the woods. Although it received negative reviews, it was financially successful as it grossed $257 million from a budget of $60 million.
After the release of The Village in 2004, Shyamalan had been planning a film adaptation of Yann Martel's novel Life of Pi with 20th Century Fox, but later backed out so that he could make Lady in the Water. In an interview he said about his reasons for dropping out of that project:[32]
I love that book. I mean, it's basically [the story of] a kid born in the same city as me [Pondicherry, India] — it almost felt predestined. But I was hesitant because the book has kind of a twist ending. And I was concerned that as soon as you put my name on it, everybody would have a different experience. Whereas if someone else did it, it would be much more satisfying, I think. Expectations, you've got to be aware of them. I'm wishing them all great luck. I hope they make a beautiful movie.
Released in 2006, Lady in the Water, a bedtime story about a water nymph and an apartment superintendent, was both critically and financially unsuccessful.
Next was the film The Happening, a B-movie about trees killing humans, featuring a teacher Elliott Moore and his wife fleeing from contaminated cities into the countryside. It was critically unsuccessful but financially successful as it grossed $163 million from a budget of $48 million.[33]
In 2010, he directed The Last Airbender, based on the first season of the Nickelodeon TV series Avatar: The Last Airbender. It was critically unsuccessful-with significant criticism aimed at its casting of white actors in Asian and Native American-inspired roles, yet was a financial success, grossing $319 million from a budget of $150 million.
In July 2008, it was announced that Shyamalan had partnered with Media Rights Capital to form a production company called Night Chronicles. Shyamalan would produce, but not direct, one film a year for three years.[34] The first of the three films was Devil, a supernatural thriller directed by siblings John and Drew Dowdle. The script was written by Brian Nelson, based on an original idea from Shyamalan.[35] The movie was about a group of people stuck in an elevator with the devil, and starred Chris Messina.[36] The film was not previewed by critics before its release.
In 2013, Shyamalan directed the film After Earth, based on a script by Gary Whitta and starring Will Smith and Jaden Smith. It was received poorly by critics, and was financially unsuccessful. Shyamalan later described his thinking in 2013 as full of doubts, introspection and questioning.[37]
Shyamalan announced in January 2014 that he would be working again with Bruce Willis on a film titled Labor of Love.[38] As of March 2022, and the retirement of Willis, this film had yet to be produced. Shyamalan's reputation was poor and most Hollywood studios passed on his self-funded, low-budget horror-comedy The Visit, featuring a brother and sister who are sent to their grandparents’ remote Pennsylvania farm for a weeklong trip. After revising the film,[37] which Shyamalan had shot in secret, Universal picked up rights to The Visit. The movie went on to gross $98 million worldwide on a budget of $5 million[39] - the fifth-highest grossing thriller film of the year.[40][41] Universal released the movie on September 11, 2015.[41]
In 2017, Shyamalan released the movie Split. It was both critically and financially successful and grossed $279 million from a budget of $9 million.[42]
In 2019, he released Glass as the final installment in his 19-year trilogy inclusive of previous films Unbreakable and Split. The movie grossed over $247 million worldwide.[43][42]
M. Night Shyamalan's film, Old, a thriller about tourists who begin aging rapidly on a mysterious beach, was shot in Dominican Republic[44] and released on July 23, 2021. The film stars Gael Garcia Bernal, Eliza Scanlen, Thomasin McKenzie, Aaron Pierre, Alex Wolff, Abbey Lee, Nikki Amuka-Bird, Ken Leung, Vicky Krieps, Rufus Sewell, Embeth Davidtz, Alexa Swinton, Nolan River, and Emun Elliott.[45][46][47][48] The film received mixed reviews from critics.
In October 2021, Shyamalan announced that his next film Knock at the Cabin would be released in cinemas on February 3, 2023.[49]
Television
Shyamalan is the executive producer on the Apple TV series Servant. Shyamalan directed several episodes, including the pilot. Servant was renewed for a second series in advance of the season one premiere.[50] The second season of Servant completed filming in fall 2020 under COVID protocols.[51]
Shyamalan was also instrumental in the creation of the Fox science fiction series Wayward Pines (2015–2016), for which he executive produced and directed the pilot episode. The series became the most-watched show of that summer.[52]
In 2016, TNT first announced that Shyamalan would be responsible for a reboot series for Tales from the Crypt. As of June 2017 the series had been cancelled due to a number of legal reasons.[53]
He also appeared in an episode of the series Entourage.
Controversies
SyFy Channel hoax
In 2004, Shyamalan was involved in a media hoax with SyFy Channel, which was eventually uncovered by the press. SyFy claimed in its "documentary" special The Buried Secret of M. Night Shyamalan, shot on the set of The Village, that as a child, Shyamalan had been dead for nearly a half hour while drowned in a frozen pond in an accident, and that upon being rescued he had experiences of communicating with spirits, fueling an obsession with the supernatural.
In truth, Shyamalan developed the hoax with SyFy, going so far as having SyFy staffers sign non-disclosure agreements with a $5 million fine attached and requiring Shyamalan's office to formally approve each step. Neither the childhood accident nor a supposed rift with the filmmakers ever occurred. The hoax included a nonexistent SyFy publicist, "David Westover", whose name appeared on press releases regarding the special. SyFy also fed false news stories to the Associated Press,[54] Zap2It,[55] and the New York Post,[56][57][58] among others.
After an AP reporter confronted SyFy Channel president Bonnie Hammer at a press conference, Hammer admitted the hoax, saying it was part of a guerrilla marketing campaign to generate pre-release publicity for The Village. This prompted SyFy's parent company, NBC Universal, to state that the undertaking was "not consistent with our policy at NBC. We would never intend to offend the public or the press and we value our relationship with both."[59]
Plagiarism accusations
In 2003, a Pennsylvanian screenwriter named Robert McElhenney (unrelated to producer Rob McElhenney) sued Shyamalan, alleging similarities between Signs and McElhenney's unpublished script Lord of the Barrens: The Jersey Devil.[60][61] In 2004, Margaret Peterson Haddix claimed that The Village has numerous similarities to her young adult novel Running Out of Time (1996), prompting discussions with publisher Simon & Schuster about filing a lawsuit.[60][61][62] In response to both allegations, Disney and Shyamalan's production company Blinding Edge issued statements calling the claims "meritless".
Orson Scott Card has claimed that many elements of The Sixth Sense were plagiarized from his novel Lost Boys, although he has said that enough had been changed that there was no point in suing.[63]
Personal life
Shyamalan married Bhavna Vaswani, a fellow student whom he met at New York University.[64] The couple have three daughters, including director Ishana and musician Saleka.[65] His production company, Blinding Edge Pictures,[66] is located in Berwyn, Pennsylvania.[67] Blinding Edge has produced Servant, Wayward Pines, Devil, The Happening, Lady in the Water, The Village, Signs, Unbreakable, The Last Airbender, After Earth, The Visit, Split, Glass and Old. It is run by Shyamalan and Ashwin Rajan.[68] His cousin is actor Ritesh Rajan.
Shyamalan is a season ticket holder of the Philadelphia 76ers.[69]
Shyamalan and his family live near Philadelphia at Ravenwood, a 125-acre estate, built around a 27,000-square-foot 1937 Georgian Revival house.[70]
Filmography
| Year | Title | Distributor |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Praying with Anger | Cinevistaas Limited |
| 1998 | Wide Awake | Miramax Films |
| 1999 | The Sixth Sense | Buena Vista Pictures |
| 2000 | Unbreakable | |
| 2002 | Signs | |
| 2004 | The Village | |
| 2006 | Lady in the Water | Warner Bros. Pictures |
| 2008 | The Happening | 20th Century Fox |
| 2010 | The Last Airbender | Paramount Pictures |
| 2013 | After Earth | Sony Pictures Releasing |
| 2015 | The Visit | Universal Pictures |
| 2016 | Split | |
| 2019 | Glass | |
| 2021 | Old | |
| 2023 | Knock at the Cabin | |
Critical analysis and box-office performance
Rolling Stone wrote that The Sixth Sense gave Shyamalan the reputation of, "the guy who makes the scary movies with a twist".[37] In 2008, Shyamalan said it was a common misperception that "all my movies have twist endings, or that they're all scary. All my movies are spiritual and all have an emotional perspective".[71] He nonetheless avoided plot twists for years, until again using them starting with The Visit in 2015. Rolling Stone wrote in 2018,[37]
In his twenties, [Shyamalan] says, "I don't think you could have told me that making thrillers for your whole life wasn't a bad thing. At first it was a sense of, 'Hey, I can make anything.' But that’s hypocritical, because when I pick up an Agatha Christie novel in my library, I have a strong expectation. So, I get it ... When I became happy with the idea of making thrillers for the rest of my life, everything went right."
After the release of The Village, Slate's Michael Agger noted that Shyamalan was following "an uncomfortable pattern" of "making fragile, sealed-off movies that fell apart when exposed to outside logic".[72]
After the release of The Happening, The Guardian's Kim Newman noted Shyamalan's earnestness and questioned, "Can it be a kind of racism that the Indian-born, Philadelphia-raised auteur is hammered for his apparent character (or funny name) rather more than, say, Quentin Tarantino or Spike Lee?"[73]
Shyamalan has also been nominated for and in some cases won numerous Golden Raspberry Awards for Lady in the Water in 2006, The Happening in 2008, The Last Airbender in 2010, and After Earth in 2013. In 2016 he was also nominated for the Razzie Redeemer Award.[74]
The Village, Lady in the Water and Split have been included in Cahiers du Cinéma annual top ten lists.
Critical reception
| Year | Film | Rotten Tomatoes[75] | Metacritic[76] | CinemaScore[77] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Praying with Anger | — | — | — |
| 1998 | Wide Awake | 45% (33 reviews) | — | — |
| 1999 | The Sixth Sense | 86% (158 reviews) | 64 (35 reviews) | A– |
| 2000 | Unbreakable | 70% (173 reviews) | 62 (31 reviews) | C |
| 2002 | Signs | 75% (237 reviews) | 59 (36 reviews) | B |
| 2004 | The Village | 43% (218 reviews) | 44 (40 reviews) | C |
| 2006 | Lady in the Water | 25% (212 reviews) | 36 (36 reviews) | B- |
| 2008 | The Happening | 17% (185 reviews) | 34 (38 reviews) | D |
| 2010 | The Last Airbender | 5% (192 reviews) | 20 (33 reviews) | C |
| 2013 | After Earth | 12% (212 reviews) | 33 (41 reviews) | B |
| 2015 | The Visit | 68% (229 reviews) | 55 (34 reviews) | B– |
| 2016 | Split | 78% (308 reviews) | 62 (47 reviews) | B+ |
| 2019 | Glass | 37% (395 reviews) | 43 (53 reviews) | B |
| 2021 | Old | 50% (313 reviews) | 55 (52 reviews) | C+ |
Box-office performance
| Year | Title | Budget | Box-office[78] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Wide Awake | $6 million | $305,704 |
| 1999 | The Sixth Sense | $40 million | $673 million |
| 2000 | Unbreakable | $75 million | $248 million |
| 2002 | Signs | $72 million | $408 million |
| 2004 | The Village | $60 million | $257 million |
| 2006 | Lady in the Water | $70 million | $73 million |
| 2008 | The Happening | $48 million | $163 million |
| 2010 | The Last Airbender | $150 million | $319 million |
| 2013 | After Earth | $130 million | $251 million |
| 2015 | The Visit | $5 million | $98 million |
| 2016 | Split | $9 million | $279 million |
| 2019 | Glass | $20 million | $247 million |
| 2021 | Old | $18 million | $90 million |
| - | Total | $703 million | $3.106 billion |
Pop culture and racism
In 2013, the British Film Institute (BFI) said that one of Shyamalan's challenges is presenting works that "(ask) for childlike wonder and rapt attention", seeking contemplation and childlike belief when popular culture has turned toward shorter attention spans with "snark and testosterone-fuelled arrested adolescence".[79]
BFI also discussed the impact of racism on Shyamalan's career, pointing to frequent "'humorously' mangled rendering(s) of his apparently hard-to-pronounce last name and questioned "Why is one of the only truly interesting mainstream movie-makers of the Noughties so publicly derided whilst so many mediocrities get a pass?"[79] By 2017, Vice said that "Shamalamadingdong" had become the "agreed-upon mockery of his name". Vice also criticized mispronunciations of his name, pointing to a Robot Chicken sketch on Shyamalan that did so repeatedly. Vice also said there was no reason to have Shyamalan's character in the sketch speak with an accent when Shyamalan never has. They also criticized the sketch's repeated mispronunciations of his name, and its conclusion with a "three-word condemnation of his whole career": "What a twist." Vice said that "it's time we stop treating him like a (shitty, racist, entirely undeserved when compared to other directors who continue to bomb with no end in sight) joke, and examine the entirely coincidental fact that Hollywood's most notable brown director is also the one we seem unwilling to forgive."[80]
BFI asked if critical attacks are the result of egotistical statements on Shyamalan's part. They question whether his strong statements of self-assurance coupled with the remarkable success of The Sixth Sense set up a fall from grace which was soon realized when a run of very successful films (The Sixth Sense, Unbreakable, Signs and The Village) seemingly collapsed with a string of critical failures. (Lady in the Water, The Happening, The Last Airbender, and After Earth).[79]
BFI said that "in a cultural climate in which a particularly vulgar form of atheism has become common, his polymorphous, holistic sense of the spiritual has rendered his work deeply unfashionable." They also mentioned that "his supposedly overweening self-assurance seems to derive from an uncynical enthusiasm, even awe for the power of storytelling. He is hardly the first director reputed to have a healthy sense of self-worth. The emphasis on the teller rather than the tales obscures the commercially and artistically successful run of films he had with The Sixth Sense, Unbreakable, Signs and The Village."[79]
In 2019, Tim Griveing of The Washington Post said that "his confidence was interpreted as arrogance by some, especially after he cast himself in Lady in the Water as a brilliant writer whose book is prophesied as a world-saver." Bryce Dallas Howard, who has worked twice with Shyamalan, differs: "Night is not an arrogant person," she said. "Night is really creatively ambitious. Very ambitious. He will engage in a conversation—he will talk through it, he will work through it—but he might take a leap. The most important thing in the world is: You just don't want to make something that's ignorable." Griveing continued, "Howard, who expressed pride in him for forging ahead despite his turn among critics, noted how rare it was for such a young filmmaker to write, direct and produce original material. She wondered whether that placed a bigger target on his back, as his reputation for doggedness was perpetuated within the industry and reinforced by critics."[81]
Books
While working on his film The Happening, Shyamalan developed an interest in improving the delivery of education in American schools. He hired doctoral student James Richardson to do most of the background research and as a result published I Got Schooled: The Unlikely Story of How a Moonlighting Movie Maker Learned the Five Keys to Closing America's Education Gap.[82] John Willol of NPR reviewed the book by stating "I Got Schooled is a breezily written, research driven call to change America's approach to education. Shyamalan is smart and sincere, and his innovative ideas are unbound by the educational establishment."[83]
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - I Got Schooled: The Unlikely Story of How a Moonlighting Movie Maker Learned the Five Keys to Closing America's Education Gap, Simon and Schuster, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4767-1645-9
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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