70s

Not to be confused with 1870s, 1970s, or 2070s.
Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • AD 70
  • AD 71
  • AD 72
  • AD 73
  • AD 74
  • AD 75
  • AD 76
  • AD 77
  • AD 78
  • AD 79
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

By place
Roman Empire
  • Emperor Vespasian and his son Caesar Vespasian (the future Emperor Titus) become Roman consuls.
  • Panic strikes Rome as adverse winds delay grain shipments from Africa and Egypt, producing a bread shortage. Ships laden with wheat from North Africa sail 300 miles to Rome's port of Ostia in 3 days, and the 1,000 mile voyage from Alexandria averages 13 days. The vessels often carry 1,000 tons each to provide the city with the 8,000 tons per week it normally consumes.
  • Sextus Julius Frontinus is praetor of Rome. Legio II Adiutrix is created from marines of Classis Ravennatis.
  • Pliny the Elder serves as procurator in Gallia Narbonensis.
  • 14th of Xanthikos[1] (14th of Nisan, about April 14) – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus surrounds the Jewish capital, with three legions (V Macedonica, XII Fulminata and XV Apollinaris) on the western side and a fourth (X Fretensis) on the Mount of Olives to the east. He puts pressure on the food and water supplies of the inhabitants by allowing pilgrims to enter the city to celebrate Passover and then refusing them egress.
  • About April 21 – Titus opens a full-scale assault on Jerusalem, concentrating his attack on the city's Third Wall (HaHoma HaShlishit) to the northwest. The Roman army begins trying to breach the wall using testudos, mantlets, siege towers, and battering rams.
  • 7th of Artemisios[2] (7th of Iyar, about May 6) – The Third Wall of Jerusalem collapses and the Jews withdraw from Bezetha to the Second Wall, where the defences are unorganized.
  • 12th of Artemisios[3] (12th of Iyar, about May 11) – Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. The Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans start building a circumvallation; all trees within 90 stadia (ca. fifteen kilometres) of the city are cut down.
  • 21st of Artemisios (about May 20 or 21) – A "certain prodigious and incredible phenomenon", "chariots and troops" seen running in the clouds around Jerusalem[4]
  • Pentecost (Shavuot, 6th of Sivan, about June 4) – Priests in the Temple in Jerusalem feel a quaking and hear "a sound as of a great multitude saying, Let us remove hence".[4]
  • 17th of Panemos (17th of Tammuz), about July 14) – Sacrifices cease in the temple.[5]
  • 24th of Panemos[6] (about July 20) – Romans set fire to a cloister after the capture of the Fortress of Antonia, north of the Temple Mount. The Romans are drawn into street fighting with the Zealots.
  • 10th of Loios[7] (9th or 10th of Av, about August 4) – Titus destroys the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. Roman troops are stationed in Jerusalem and abolish the Jewish high priesthood and Sanhedrin. This becomes known as the Fall of Jerusalem, a conclusive event in the First Jewish–Roman War (the Jewish Revolt), which began in 66 AD. Following this event, the Jewish religious leadership moves from Jerusalem to Jamnia (present day Yavne), and this date is mourned annually as the Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av.
  • August – Titus lays siege to the Upper City of Jerusalem.
  • 8th of Gorpiaios (8th of Elul, about September 2) – Romans gain control of all of Jerusalem and proceed to burn it and kill its remaining residents, except for some who are taken captive to be killed later or enslaved.[8]
  • Neapolis (present day Nablus) is founded in Iudaea Province.
  • Naval clashes on the Rhine during the Batavian Revolt; the crew of a captured Roman flagship is imprisoned at Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier).
  • Roman legions V Alaudae and XV Primigenia are destroyed by the Batavi. Later, Quintus Petillius Cerialis puts down the Batavian rebellion of Gaius Julius Civilis.
  • Vespasian disbands four Rhine legions (I Germanica, IV Macedonica, XV Primigenia and XVI Gallica), disgraced for having surrendered or lost their eagles during the revolt of Julius Civilis.
  • Later Roman emperor Domitian marries Domitia Longina.
  • Romans make a punitive expedition against the Garamantes – they are forced to have an official relationship with the Roman Empire.
  • Annexation of the island of Samothrace by the Roman Empire under Vespasian.
Asia
  • India sees the end of the Hellenistic dynasties.
Africa
  • Expedition by the Roman Septimius Flaccus to southern Egypt. He probably reaches Sudan.
  • Ze-Hakèlé (Zoskales in Greek) becomes king of Aksum.

By topic
Religion
  • Members of the Oneida Community, a now non-existent religious group formed in the nineteenth century, believed this was the year Jesus Christ returned.

By place
Roman Empire
  • The Romans establish a fortress at York (Eboracum), as a base for their northern forces. Initially established solely for Legio IX Hispana, it expands later to include public housing, baths and temples.
  • Battle of Stanwick: Quintus Petillius Cerialis, governor of Britain, puts down a revolt by the Brigantes.
  • Emperors Vespasian and Marcus Cocceius Nerva are Roman Consuls.
  • Battle of Treves: Cerialis defeats Claudius Civilis, thus quelling the Batavian rebellion.
  • Titus is awarded with a triumph, accompanied by Vespasian and his brother Titus Flavius Domitian. In the parade are Jewish prisoners and treasures of the Temple of Jerusalem, including the Menorah and the Pentateuch. The leader of the Zealots, Simon Bar Giora, is lashed and strangled in the Forum.
  • Titus is made praetorian prefect of the Praetorian Guard and receives pro-consular command and also tribunician power, all of which indicates that Vespasian will follow the hereditary tradition of succession.
  • Herodium, a Jewish fortress south of Jerusalem, is conquered and destroyed by Legio X Fretensis on their way to Masada.
  • Doncaster is founded by Roman settlers. The area was originally known as Danum.
Asia
  • Reign of Rabel II, king of Nabataea. He makes Bostra, Syria, his second capital.

By topic
Arts and Science
  • Use of locks with keys of clever design begins in Rome.
Religion

By place
Roman Empire
  • Antiochus IV of Syria is deposed by Emperor Vespasian.
  • Vespasian and Titus are Roman Consuls.
  • First Jewish-Roman War: The Roman army (Legio X Fretensis) under Sextus Lucilius Bassus lays siege to the Jewish garrison of Machaerus at the Dead Sea. After they capitulate, the Zealots are allowed to leave the fortress before it is destroyed.
  • The Romans lay siege to Masada, a desert fortress held by the Sicarii.
  • Flavia Neapolis (Nablus) is founded.
  • Vespasian starts the building of the Colosseum; the amphitheatre is used for gladiatorial games and public spectacles, such as sea battles, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas of Classical mythology.

By place
Roman Empire
  • Spring – The Roman governor Lucius Flavius Silva lays siege to Masada, the last outpost of the Jewish rebels following the end, in AD 70, of the First Jewish-Roman War (Jewish Revolt). The Roman army (Legio X Fretensis) surrounds the mountain fortress with a 7-mile long siege wall (circumvallation) and builds a rampart of stones and beaten earth against the western approach. After the citadel is conquered, 960 Zealots under the leadership of Eleazar ben Ya'ir commit mass suicide when defeat becomes imminent.
  • Pliny the Elder serves as procurator in Hispania Tarraconensis.
  • Titus Flavius Domitianus becomes Roman Consul.
  • Emperor Vespasian begins conquest of territory east of the upper Rhine and south of the Main. In addition, he reorganizes the defenses of the upper and lower Danube.
Asia
  • February – The Chinese Han Dynasty launches a major campaign against the Xiongnu, whom they confront in the Battle of Yiwulu in the Kumul oasis, an ultimate Han military victory led by General Dou Gu (d. AD 88).
  • Ban Chao (Pan-Ch’ao), competing with the Xiongnu, imposes a Chinese protectorate on the kings of Lop Nor and Khotan in the Tarim basin, with the aim of controlling the Silk Road.

By topic
Arts and sciences

By place
Roman Empire
Asia
  • The Chinese reestablish a protectorate of the Western Regions.
  • Chinese generals Dou Gu (Teou Kou) and Geng Bing (Keng Ping) take control of Turpan.

By topic
Arts and Science

By place
Roman Empire
  • Emperor Vespasian and his son Titus Caesar Vespasianus become Roman Consuls.
  • The Temple of Peace, also known as the Forum of Vespasian, is built in Rome. The temple celebrates the conquest of Jerusalem (in AD 70) and houses the Menorah from Herod's Temple.
  • Vespasian fortifies Armazi (Georgia) for the Iberian king Mithridates I. The Alans raid the Roman frontier in Armenia.
  • Sextus Julius Frontinus becomes governor of Britannia and makes his headquarters in Isca Augusta (Wales).
  • Frontinus begins his conquest of Wales; Legio II Augusta is moved to the border of the River Usk.
Asia
  • Accession of Han Zhangdi of the Han Dynasty (until AD 88).
  • Revolt against the Chinese in Tarim: Cachera and Turpan are besieged. Luoyang orders the evacuation of Tarim. Ban Chao makes the rebels retreat towards Khotan. At the same time, the Chinese army of Ganzhou reconquers Turpan in Northern Xiongnu. Ban Chao convinces the emperor of the need to control Central Asia in the fight against Xiongnu.

By place
Roman Empire
China

By topic
Art and Science
  • Chinese historian Ban Gu develops a theory of the origins of the universe.
Religion

By place
Roman Empire
  • Gnaeus Julius Agricola is named governor of Britannia, a post he occupies until AD 84. He extends the Roman influence to the mouth of the River Clyde (Scotland), and builds fortifications.
  • Agricola subdues the Ordovices in Wales, and pursues the remnants of the tribe to Anglesey, the holy island of the Druids.
  • The Caledonian tribes in Scotland form a confederacy of 30,000 warriors, under the leadership of Calgacus.
  • Winter – Agricola conquers Anglesey, and disperses his army to their winter quarters.
Asia

By topic
Arts and sciences

By place
Roman Empire
  • The Romans conquer the Ordovices, located in present-day northern Wales, as well as the Silures.
  • Gnaeus Julius Agricola replaces Sextus Julius Frontinus as governor of Roman Britain, which leads to the eventual taming of the Welsh tribes of Britain. [10]
Asia

By topic
Philosophy
  • The Chinese philosopher Wang Chong (Wang-Ch'ung) claims all phenomena have material causes.

By place
Roman Empire
China
  • A commission of scholars canonizes the text of works of Confucius and his school.

Significant people

Births

AD 70

  • Demonax, Greek Cynic philosopher (approximate date)
  • Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus, Roman politician (d. AD 117)
  • Marinus of Tyre, Greek geographer and writer (d. AD 130)
  • Menelaus of Alexandria, Greek mathematician (d. AD 140)

AD 71

AD 72

  • Julia Balbilla, princess of Commagene

AD 73

AD 74

AD 75

  • Suetonius, Roman historian (approximate date) (d. c. 122)
  • Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus, Cilician prince (d. 150)

AD 76

AD 78

  • Liu Qing, Chinese prince of the Han Dynasty (d. 106)
  • Wang Fu, Chinese historian, poet and philosopher (approximate date)
  • Zhang Heng, Chinese mathematician, astronomer, inventor, and statesman (d. 139)

AD 79

  • He of Han, Chinese emperor (d. 106)
  • Ma Rong, Chinese poet and politician (d. 166)

Deaths

AD 70

  • Eleazar ben Simon, Jewish leader of the Zealots
  • Gaius Dillius Vocula, Roman general (murdered)
  • Hero of Alexandria, Greek mathematician and engineer
  • Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Roman consul and governor
  • Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella, Roman writer
  • Malichus II, Roman client king of Nabatea
  • Phannias ben Samuel, high priest of Israel
  • Simeon ben Gamliel, Jewish leader (nasi)
  • Simon bar Giora, Jewish leader (executed)
  • Emperor Suinin of Japan, according to legend.

AD 71

AD 72

AD 74

  • Caenis, Roman slave and secretary of Antonia Minor (mother of Emperor Claudius) and mistress of Emperor Vespasian
  • Polemon II, prince of the Bosporan Kingdom, Pontus, Cilicia and Cappadocia

AD 75

  • Chen Mu, Chinese governor and general
  • Guo Xun, Chinese general
  • Han Mingdi, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (b. AD 28)

AD 76

  • Linus, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)
  • Marcus Vettius Bolanus, Roman politician and governor (b. 33 AD)
  • Nicanor the Deacon, Greek missionary and martyr
  • Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Roman historian (b. 9 BC)

AD 77

  • Daru of Baekje, Korean king[9]

AD 78

  • Gaius Salonius Matidius Patruinus, Roman politician
  • Vologases I, king of the Parthian Empire[12]

AD 79

  • June 23 – Vespasian, Roman emperor (b. AD 9)
  • August 16 – Ma, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (b. AD 40)
  • August 25 – Caesius Bassus, Roman poet (died in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius)
  • August 25 – Drusilla, daughter of Herod (died in the eruption of Vesuvius)
  • August 25 – Pliny the Elder, Roman writer and scientist (b. AD 23)[11]
  • Apollinaris of Ravenna, Syrian bishop and martyr (approximate date)
  • Aulus Caecina Alienus, Roman general and politician (executed)
  • Tiberius Claudius Balbilus, Roman politician and astrologer (b. AD 3)
  • Titus Clodius Eprius Marcellus, Roman politician (committed suicide)

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 70s.
  1. War of the Jews Book V, sect. 99 (Ch. 3, paragraph 1 in Whiston's translation)
  2. War of the Jews Book V, sect. 302 (Ch. 7, par. 2)
  3. War of the Jews Book V, sect. 466 (Ch. 11, par. 4)
  4. War of the Jews Book VI, sect. 296 (Ch. 5, par. 3). In Greek, "φάσμα τι δαιμόνιον ὤφθη μεῖζον πίστεως", a phrase that is often translated on UFO sites as "On the 21st of May a demonic phantom of incredible size...".
  5. War of the Jews Book VI, sect. 94 (Ch. 2, par. 1)
  6. War of the Jews Book VI, sect. 166 (Ch. 2, par. 9)
  7. War of the Jews Book VI, sect. 220 (Ch. 4, par. 1)
  8. War of the Jews Book VI, sect. 407 (Ch. 8, par. 5; Ch. 9, par. 2)
  9. "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  10. "Gnaeus Julius Agricola".
  11. "Pompeii: Vesuvius eruption may have been later than thought". BBC News. 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  12. Dow, Joseph A. (2011). Ancient Coins Through the Bible. Tate Publishing. p. 133. ISBN 9781617771354.
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