εἰμί
See also: εἶμι
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *ehmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognate with Old English eom (whence English am), Latin sum, Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Old Armenian եմ (em), and so on. More at *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /eː.mí/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /iˈmi/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈmi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈmi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈmi/
Audio (Classical Attic): εἰμί, ἔσομαι, ἦν, εἶναι (file)
Verb
εἰμῐ́ • (eimí)
- To be, exist; (of persons) live
- (of events) To happen
- To be the case
- (copulative) To be [+nominative = something, someone]
- (third person, impersonal) it is possible [+infinitive = that ...]
Usage notes
- Used as Aorist: ἐγενόμην (egenómēn) and as Present Perfect: γέγονα (gégona) from verb γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “come into being”)
- Hellenistic Koine present imperative 2nd person singular: ἔσο (éso)
- Postclassical Imperfect 1st person singular: ἢμην (ḕmēn)
- Verbal adjective: συνεστέον (sunestéon)
Inflection
Present: εἰμῐ́
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εἰμῐ́ | εἶ | ἐστί/ἐστίν | ἐστόν | ἐστόν | ἐσμέν | ἐστέ | εἰσί/εἰσίν | ||||
| subjunctive | ὦ | ᾖς | ᾖ | ἦτον | ἦτον | ὦμεν | ἦτε | ὦσι/ὦσιν | |||||
| optative | εἴην | εἴης | εἴη | εἴητον/εἶτον | εἰήτην/εἴτην | εἴημεν/εἶμεν | εἴητε/εἶτε | εἴησαν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἴσθι | ἔστω | ἔστον | ἔστων | ἔστε | ἔστων/ἔστωσαν/ὂντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | εἶναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ὤν | |||||||||||
| f | οὖσα | ||||||||||||
| n | ὄν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εἰμί | ἐσσί/εἶς | ἐστί/ἐστίν | ἐστόν | ἐστόν | εἰμέν | ἐστέ | εἰσί(ν)/ἔᾱσι(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἔω | ᾖς | ἔῃ/ἔῃσι/ᾖσι | ἦτε | ἔωσι(ν)/ὦσι(ν) | ||||||||
| optative | εἴην | εἴης/ἔοις/ἔοι | εἴη | εἴητον/εἶτον | εἰήτην/εἴτην | εἴημεν/εἶμεν | εἴητε/εἶτε | εἴησαν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔσσο | ἔστω | ἔστον | ἔστων | ἔστε | ἔστων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | εἶναι/ἔμμεναι/ἔμεναι/ἔμμεν/ἔμεν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐών/ὤν | |||||||||||
| f | ἐοῦσα/οὖσα | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐόν/ὄν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἦα/ἔᾱ/ἔον/ἔσκον | ἔησθα/ἦσθα | ἦεν/ἔην/ἤην/ἦν/ἔσκε(ν) | ἤστον | ἤστην | ἦμεν | ἦτε | ἦσαν/ἔσαν | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἔσομαι | ἔσῃ, ἔσει |
ἔσται | ἔσεσθον | ἔσεσθον | ἐσόμεθᾰ | ἔσεσθε | ἔσονται | ||||
| optative | ἐσοίμην | ἔσοιο | ἔσοιτο | ἔσοισθον | ἐσοίσθην | ἐσοίμεθᾰ | ἔσοισθε | ἔσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἔσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἔσομαι/ἔσσομαι | ἔσῃ, ἔσει |
ἔσεται/ἔσται/ἔσσεται/ἐσσεῖται | ἔσεσθον | ἔσεσθον | ἐσόμεθᾰ | ἔσεσθε | ἔσονται | ||||
| optative | ἐσοίμην | ἔσοιο | ἔσοιτο | ἔσοισθον | ἐσοίσθην | ἐσοίμεθᾰ | ἔσοισθε | ἔσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἔσεσθαι/ἔσσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | |||||||||||||
| n | ἐσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Synonyms
- (it is possible): ἔξεστι (éxesti)
Derived terms
- ἄπειμι (ápeimi)
- ἀπουσία (apousía)
- αὐτοουσία (autoousía)
- ἔνειμι (éneimi)
- ἔξειμι (éxeimi)
- ἔξεστι (éxesti)
- ἐξουσία (exousía)
- ἔπειμι (épeimi)
- ἐπιούσιος (epioúsios)
- ἐπιπρόσειμι (epipróseimi)
- ἐπισυμπάρειμι (episumpáreimi)
- ἐπισύνειμι (episúneimi)
- καταπερίειμι (kataperíeimi)
- μέτειμι (méteimi)
- μετουσία (metousía)
- οὐρανουσία (ouranousía)
- οὐσία (ousía)
- πάρειμι (páreimi)
- παρουσία (parousía)
- περίειμι (períeimi)
- περιουσία (periousía)
- πρόειμι (próeimi)
- προένειμι (proéneimi)
- προέξειμι (proéxeimi)
- πρόσειμι (próseimi)
- προσπάρειμι (prospáreimi)
- συμπάρειμι (sumpáreimi)
- συμπρόσειμι (sumpróseimi)
- σύνειμι (súneimi)
- συνένειμι (sunéneimi)
- συνουσία (sunousía)
- συνύπειμι (sunúpeimi)
- ὕπειμι (húpeimi)
- ὑπένειμι (hupéneimi)
- ὑπέρειμι (hupéreimi)
- ὤν (ṓn)
References
- εἰμί in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- εἰμί in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- εἰμί in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- εἰμί in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- εἰμί in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- εἰμί in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
- εἰμί in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1510 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 768, 768 D
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