κρίνω
See also: κρινῶ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- κρίννω (krínnō) – Aeolic
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *kríňňō, from Proto-Indo-European *kri-n-ye-, from *krey-. Cognates include English rinse, Latin cernō (“I separate, discern”), and Welsh gogrynu.
The root of the verb was originally short, but the Attic–Ionic–Doric present tense κρῑ́νω (krī́nō) has a long ῑ (ī) because the vowel of the root was compensatorily lengthened after the shortening of Proto-Hellenic *ňň, and the aorist ἔκρῑνᾰ (ékrīna) has long ῑ (ī) because of compensatory lengthening after the loss of the aorist tense-marker /s/ in the original form /ekrin-sa/. The Aeolic present κρῐ́ννω (krínnō) and aorist ἔκρῐννε (ékrinne) have a short ῐ (i) and doubled νν (nn) because the consonant ν (n) was compensatorily lengthened instead of the vowel.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krǐː.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkri.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkri.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkri.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkri.no/
Verb
κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō)
- (transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people
- (transitive) To order, arrange
- To inquire, investigate
- To select, choose, prefer
- (transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision
- To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something]
- To discern between good and bad
- To judge, pronounce
- To bring to court, accuse
- To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κρῑ́νω | κρῑ́νεις | κρῑ́νει | κρῑ́νετον | κρῑ́νετον | κρῑ́νομεν | κρῑ́νετε | κρῑ́νουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κρῑ́νω | κρῑ́νῃς | κρῑ́νῃ | κρῑ́νητον | κρῑ́νητον | κρῑ́νωμεν | κρῑ́νητε | κρῑ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κρῑ́νοιμῐ | κρῑ́νοις | κρῑ́νοι | κρῑ́νοιτον | κρῑνοίτην | κρῑ́νοιμεν | κρῑ́νοιτε | κρῑ́νοιεν | |||||
imperative | κρῖνε | κρῑνέτω | κρῑ́νετον | κρῑνέτων | κρῑ́νετε | κρῑνόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κρῑ́νομαι | κρῑ́νῃ, κρῑ́νει |
κρῑ́νεται | κρῑ́νεσθον | κρῑ́νεσθον | κρῑνόμεθᾰ | κρῑ́νεσθε | κρῑ́νονται | ||||
subjunctive | κρῑ́νωμαι | κρῑ́νῃ | κρῑ́νηται | κρῑ́νησθον | κρῑ́νησθον | κρῑνώμεθᾰ | κρῑ́νησθε | κρῑ́νωνται | |||||
optative | κρῑνοίμην | κρῑ́νοιο | κρῑ́νοιτο | κρῑ́νοισθον | κρῑνοίσθην | κρῑνοίμεθᾰ | κρῑ́νοισθε | κρῑ́νοιντο | |||||
imperative | κρῑ́νου | κρῑνέσθω | κρῑ́νεσθον | κρῑνέσθων | κρῑ́νεσθε | κρῑνέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κρῑ́νειν | κρῑ́νεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κρῑ́νων | κρῑνόμενος | ||||||||||
f | κρῑ́νουσᾰ | κρῑνομένη | |||||||||||
n | κρῖνον | κρῑνόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔκρῑνον, ἐκρῑνόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔκρῑνον | ἔκρῑνες | ἔκρῑνε(ν) | ἐκρῑ́νετον | ἐκρῑνέτην | ἐκρῑ́νομεν | ἐκρῑ́νετε | ἔκρῑνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκρῑνόμην | ἐκρῑ́νου | ἐκρῑ́νετο | ἐκρῑ́νεσθον | ἐκρῑνέσθην | ἐκρῑνόμεθᾰ | ἐκρῑ́νεσθε | ἐκρῑ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: κρῐνέω, κρῐνέομαι, κρῐθήσομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κρῐνέω | κρῐνέεις | κρῐνέει | κρῐνέετον | κρῐνέετον | κρῐνέομεν | κρῐνέετε | κρῐνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | κρῐνέοιμῐ | κρῐνέοις | κρῐνέοι | κρῐνέοιτον | κρῐνεοίτην | κρῐνέοιμεν | κρῐνέοιτε | κρῐνέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | κρῐνέομαι | κρῐνέῃ, κρῐνέει |
κρῐνέεται | κρῐνέεσθον | κρῐνέεσθον | κρῐνεόμεθᾰ | κρῐνέεσθε | κρῐνέονται | ||||
optative | κρῐνεοίμην | κρῐνέοιο | κρῐνέοιτο | κρῐνέοισθον | κρῐνεοίσθην | κρῐνεοίμεθᾰ | κρῐνέοισθε | κρῐνέοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | κρῐθήσομαι | κρῐθήσῃ | κρῐθήσεται | κρῐθήσεσθον | κρῐθήσεσθον | κρῐθησόμεθᾰ | κρῐθήσεσθε | κρῐθήσονται | ||||
optative | κρῐθησοίμην | κρῐθήσοιο | κρῐθήσοιτο | κρῐθήσοισθον | κρῐθησοίσθην | κρῐθησοίμεθᾰ | κρῐθήσοισθε | κρῐθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κρῐνέειν | κρῐνέεσθαι | κρῐθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κρῐνέων | κρῐνεόμενος | κρῐθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | κρῐνέουσᾰ | κρῐνεομένη | κρῐθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | κρῐνέον | κρῐνεόμενον | κρῐθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κρῐνῶ | κρῐνεῖς | κρῐνεῖ | κρῐνεῖτον | κρῐνεῖτον | κρῐνοῦμεν | κρῐνεῖτε | κρῐνοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | κρῐνοίην, κρῐνοῖμῐ |
κρῐνοίης, κρῐνοῖς |
κρῐνοίη, κρῐνοῖ |
κρῐνοῖτον, κρῐνοίητον |
κρῐνοίτην, κρῐνοιήτην |
κρῐνοῖμεν, κρῐνοίημεν |
κρῐνοῖτε, κρῐνοίητε |
κρῐνοῖεν, κρῐνοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | κρῐνοῦμαι | κρῐνῇ | κρῐνεῖται | κρῐνεῖσθον | κρῐνεῖσθον | κρῐνούμεθᾰ | κρῐνεῖσθε | κρῐνοῦνται | ||||
optative | κρῐνοίμην | κρῐνοῖο | κρῐνοῖτο | κρῐνοῖσθον | κρῐνοίσθην | κρῐνοίμεθᾰ | κρῐνοῖσθε | κρῐνοῖντο | |||||
passive | indicative | κρῐθήσομαι | κρῐθήσῃ | κρῐθήσεται | κρῐθήσεσθον | κρῐθήσεσθον | κρῐθησόμεθᾰ | κρῐθήσεσθε | κρῐθήσονται | ||||
optative | κρῐθησοίμην | κρῐθήσοιο | κρῐθήσοιτο | κρῐθήσοισθον | κρῐθησοίσθην | κρῐθησοίμεθᾰ | κρῐθήσοισθε | κρῐθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κρῐνεῖν | κρῐνεῖσθαι | κρῐθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κρῐνῶν | κρῐνούμενος | κρῐθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | κρῐνοῦσᾰ | κρῐνουμένη | κρῐθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | κρῐνοῦν | κρῐνούμενον | κρῐθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔκρῑνᾰ, ἐκρῑνᾰ́μην, ἐκρῐ́θην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔκρῑνᾰ | ἔκρῑνᾰς | ἔκρῑνε(ν) | ἐκρῑ́νᾰτον | ἐκρῑνᾰ́την | ἐκρῑ́νᾰμεν | ἐκρῑ́νᾰτε | ἔκρῑνᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κρῑ́νω | κρῑ́νῃς | κρῑ́νῃ | κρῑ́νητον | κρῑ́νητον | κρῑ́νωμεν | κρῑ́νητε | κρῑ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κρῑ́ναιμῐ | κρῑ́νειᾰς, κρῑ́ναις |
κρῑ́νειε(ν), κρῑ́ναι |
κρῑ́ναιτον | κρῑναίτην | κρῑ́ναιμεν | κρῑ́ναιτε | κρῑ́νειᾰν, κρῑ́ναιεν | |||||
imperative | κρῖνον | κρῑνᾰ́τω | κρῑ́νᾰτον | κρῑνᾰ́των | κρῑ́νᾰτε | κρῑνᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐκρῑνᾰ́μην | ἐκρῑ́νω | ἐκρῑ́νᾰτο | ἐκρῑ́νᾰσθον | ἐκρῑνᾰ́σθην | ἐκρῑνᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκρῑ́νᾰσθε | ἐκρῑ́νᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | κρῑ́νωμαι | κρῑ́νῃ | κρῑ́νηται | κρῑ́νησθον | κρῑ́νησθον | κρῑνώμεθᾰ | κρῑ́νησθε | κρῑ́νωνται | |||||
optative | κρῑναίμην | κρῑ́ναιο | κρῑ́ναιτο | κρῑ́ναισθον | κρῑναίσθην | κρῑναίμεθᾰ | κρῑ́ναισθε | κρῑ́ναιντο | |||||
imperative | κρῖναι | κρῑνᾰ́σθω | κρῑ́νᾰσθον | κρῑνᾰ́σθων | κρῑ́νᾰσθε | κρῑνᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐκρῐ́θην | ἐκρῐ́θης | ἐκρῐ́θη | ἐκρῐ́θητον | ἐκρῐθήτην | ἐκρῐ́θημεν | ἐκρῐ́θητε | ἐκρῐ́θησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κρῐθῶ | κρῐθῇς | κρῐθῇ | κρῐθῆτον | κρῐθῆτον | κρῐθῶμεν | κρῐθῆτε | κρῐθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κρῐθείην | κρῐθείης | κρῐθείη | κρῐθεῖτον, κρῐθείητον |
κρῐθείτην, κρῐθειήτην |
κρῐθεῖμεν, κρῐθείημεν |
κρῐθεῖτε, κρῐθείητε |
κρῐθεῖεν, κρῐθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | κρῐ́θητῐ | κρῐθήτω | κρῐ́θητον | κρῐθήτων | κρῐ́θητε | κρῐθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κρῖναι | κρῑ́νᾰσθαι | κρῐθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κρῑ́νᾱς | κρῑνᾰ́μενος | κρῐθείς | |||||||||
f | κρῑ́νᾱσᾰ | κρῑνᾰμένη | κρῐθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | κρῖνᾰν | κρῑνᾰ́μενον | κρῐθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: κέκρῐκᾰ, κέκρῐμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κέκρῐκᾰ | κέκρῐκᾰς | κέκρῐκε(ν) | κεκρῐ́κᾰτον | κεκρῐ́κᾰτον | κεκρῐ́κᾰμεν | κεκρῐ́κᾰτε | κεκρῐ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κεκρῐ́κω | κεκρῐ́κῃς | κεκρῐ́κῃ | κεκρῐ́κητον | κεκρῐ́κητον | κεκρῐ́κωμεν | κεκρῐ́κητε | κεκρῐ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκρῐ́κοιμῐ, κεκρῐκοίην |
κεκρῐ́κοις, κεκρῐκοίης |
κεκρῐ́κοι, κεκρῐκοίη |
κεκρῐ́κοιτον | κεκρῐκοίτην | κεκρῐ́κοιμεν | κεκρῐ́κοιτε | κεκρῐ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | κέκρῐκε | κεκρῐκέτω | κεκρῐ́κετον | κεκρῐκέτων | κεκρῐ́κετε | κεκρῐκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κέκρῐμαι | κέκρῐσαι | κέκρῐται | κέκρῐσθον | κέκρῐσθον | κεκρῐ́μεθᾰ | κέκρῐσθε | κέκρῐνται | ||||
subjunctive | κεκρῐμένος ὦ | κεκρῐμένος ᾖς | κεκρῐμένος ᾖ | κεκρῐμένω ἦτον | κεκρῐμένω ἦτον | κεκρῐμένοι ὦμεν | κεκρῐμένοι ἦτε | κεκρῐμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκρῐμένος εἴην | κεκρῐμένος εἴης | κεκρῐμένος εἴη | κεκρῐμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκρῐμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεκρῐμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεκρῐμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκρῐμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | κέκρῐσο | κεκρῐ́σθω | κέκρῐσθον | κεκρῐ́σθων | κέκρῐσθε | κεκρῐ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κεκρῐκέναι | κεκρῐ́σθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κεκρῐκώς | κεκρῐμένος | ||||||||||
f | κεκρῐκυῖᾰ | κεκρῐμένη | |||||||||||
n | κεκρῐκός | κεκρῐμένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἐκεκρῐ́κειν, ἐκεκρῐ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκεκρῐ́κειν, ἐκεκρῐ́κη |
ἐκεκρῐ́κεις, ἐκεκρῐ́κης |
ἐκεκρῐ́κει(ν) | ἐκεκρῐ́κετον | ἐκεκρῐκέτην | ἐκεκρῐ́κεμεν | ἐκεκρῐ́κετε | ἐκεκρῐ́κεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκεκρῐ́μην | ἐκέκρῐσο | ἐκέκρῐτο | ἐκέκρῐσθον | ἐκεκρῐ́σθην | ἐκεκρῐ́μεθᾰ | ἐκέκρῐσθε | ἐκέκρῐντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἀνακρῑ́νω (anakrī́nō)
- ἀποκρῑ́νω (apokrī́nō)
- διακρῑ́νω (diakrī́nō)
- ἐγκρῑ́νω (enkrī́nō)
- ἐκκρῑ́νω (ekkrī́nō)
- ἐπικρῑ́νω (epikrī́nō)
- κατακρῑ́νω (katakrī́nō)
- κρίμα (kríma)
- κρίσις (krísis)
- κριτής (kritḗs)
- κριτός (kritós)
- παρακρῑ́νω (parakrī́nō)
- περικρῑ́νω (perikrī́nō)
- προκρῑ́νω (prokrī́nō)
- προσκρῑ́νω (proskrī́nō)
- συγκρῑ́νω (sunkrī́nō)
- ὑποκρῑ́νομαι (hupokrī́nomai)
Further reading
- κρίνω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- κρίνω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κρίνω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κρίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- κρίνω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2919 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
Greek
Conjugation
κρίνω κρίνομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | κρίνω | κρίνω | κρίνομαι | κριθώ |
2 sg | κρίνεις | κρίνεις | κρίνεσαι | κριθείς |
3 sg | κρίνει | κρίνει | κρίνεται | κριθεί |
1 pl | κρίνουμε, [‑ομε] | κρίνουμε, [‑ομε] | κρινόμαστε | κριθούμε |
2 pl | κρίνετε | κρίνετε | κρίνεστε, κρινόσαστε | κριθείτε |
3 pl | κρίνουν(ε) | κρίνουν(ε) | κρίνονται | κριθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έκρινα | έκρινα | κρινόμουν(α) | κρίθηκα |
2 sg | έκρινες | έκρινες | κρινόσουν(α) | κρίθηκες |
3 sg | έκρινε | έκρινε | κρινόταν(ε) | κρίθηκε |
1 pl | κρίναμε | κρίναμε | κρινόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | κριθήκαμε |
2 pl | κρίνατε | κρίνατε | κρινόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | κριθήκατε |
3 pl | έκριναν, κρίναν(ε) | έκριναν, κρίναν(ε) | κρίνονταν, (κρινόντουσαν) | κρίθηκαν, κριθήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα κρίνω ➤ | θα κρίνω ➤ | θα κρίνομαι ➤ | θα κριθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα κρίνεις, … | θα κρίνεις, … | θα κρίνεσαι, … | θα κριθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … κρίνει | έχω, έχεις, … κριθεί είμαι, είσαι, … κριμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … κρίνει | είχα, είχες, … κριθεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … κριμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … κρίνει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … κριθεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … κριμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας, όταν, …). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | κρίνε | κρίνε | — | κρίνου |
2 pl | κρίνετε | κρίνετε | κρίνεστε | κριθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | κρίνοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας κρίνει ➤ | κριμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | κρίνει | κριθεί | ||
Notes | • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
- εγκρίνω (egkríno, “to aprove”)
Related terms
- κρίση f (krísi, “crisis”)
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.