ⲓⲣⲓ

Coptic

Alternative forms

ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire) – Sahidic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
ⲓⲗⲓ (ili) – Fayyumic
ⲓⲣⲉ (ire) – Lycopolitan

Etymology

From Demotic jr(j), from Egyptian
(jrj).

Verb

ⲓⲣⲓ (iri) (nominal state ⲉⲣ-, pronominal state ⲁⲓ⸗, stative ⲟⲓ⸗)

(Bohairic) to make
(Bohairic) to do

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲓⲣⲓ (Bohairic dialect)(See Appendix:Coptic verbs)

		singular					plural			Nominative
infinitive		ⲉⲓⲣⲓ eiri	negative infinitive		ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ eštemiri
imperative		ⲓⲣⲓ iri	negative imperative		ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲓⲣⲓ mperiri
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	simple present	ϯⲓⲣⲓ tiiri	ⲭⲓⲣⲓ khiri	ⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ teiri	ϥⲓⲣⲓ firi	ⲥⲓⲣⲓ siri	ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ teniri	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ teteniri	ⲥⲉⲓⲣⲓ seiri	ⲓⲣⲓ iri
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲓⲣⲓ eiiri	ⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ ekhiri	ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ ereiri	ⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ efiri	ⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ esiri	ⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ eniri	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ereteniri	ⲉⲩⲓⲣⲓ euiri	ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ ere - iri
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ aiiri	ⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ akhiri	ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ areiri	ⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ afiri	ⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ asiri	ⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aniri	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ areteniri	ⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ auiri	ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ are - iri
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ naiiri	ⲛⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ nakhiri	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ nareiri	ⲛⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ nafiri	ⲛⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ nasiri	ⲛⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ naniri	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nareteniri	ⲛⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ nauiri	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ nare - iri
	relative	ⲉϯⲓⲣⲓ etiiri	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ etekhiri	ⲉⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ eteiri	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ etefiri	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ etesiri	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ eteniri	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ eteteniri	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ etouiri	ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ ete - iri
future	simple future	ϯⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ tinairi	ⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ khnairi	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ tenairi	ϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ fnairi	ⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ snairi	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ tennairi	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ tetenairi	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ senairi	ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nairi
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ einairi	ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ekhnairi	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ erenairi	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ efnairi	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ esnairi	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ennairi	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ eretennairi	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ eunairi	ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ere - nairi
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ainairi	ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ akhnairi	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ arenairi	ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ afnairi	ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ asnairi	ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ annairi	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ aretennairi	ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ aunairi	ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ are - nairi
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nainairi	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nakhnairi	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ narenairi	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nafnairi	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nasnairi	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nannairi	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ naretennairi	ⲛaⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ naunairi	ⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nare - nairi
	unreal conditional	ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enainairi	ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enakhnairi	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enarenairi	ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enafnairi	ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enasnairi	ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enannairi	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enaretennairi	ⲉⲛaⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enaunairi	ⲉⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ enare - nairi
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etinairi	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etekhnairi	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etenairi	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etefnairi	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etesnairi	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etennairi	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etetennairi	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etounairi	ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ete - nairi
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ aiiri	ⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ akhiri	ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ areiri	ⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ afiri	ⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ asiri	ⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aniri	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ areteniri	ⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ auiri	ⲁ - ⲓⲣⲓ a - iri
	negative	ⲙⲡⲓⲓⲣⲓ mpiiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ mpekhiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲣⲓ mpeiri	ⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ mpefiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ mpesiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mpeniri	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mpeteniri	ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ mpouiri	ⲙⲡⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ mpe - iri
	affirmative preterite	ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ neaiiri	ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ neakhiri	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ neareiri	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ neafiri	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ neasiri	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ neaniri	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ neareteniri	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ neauiri	ⲛⲉⲁ - ⲓⲣⲓ nea - iri
	negative preterite	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲓⲣⲓ nempiiri	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ nempekhiri	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲓⲣⲓ nempeiri	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ nempefiri	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ nempesiri	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nempeniri	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nempeteniri	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ nempouiri	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ nempe - iri
	circumstantial	ⲉⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ eaiiri	ⲉⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ eakhiri	ⲉⲁⲓⲣⲓ eairi	ⲉⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ eafiri	ⲉⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ easiri	ⲉⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ eaniri	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ eateteniri	ⲉⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ eauiri	ⲉⲁ - ⲓⲣⲓ ea - iri
	focalising, relative, precursive	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ etaiiri	ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ etakhiri	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ etareiri	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ etafiri	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ etasiri	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ etaniri	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etareteniri	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ etauiri	ⲉⲧⲁ - ⲓⲣⲓ eta - iri
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ šaiiri	ϣⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ šakhiri	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ šareiri	ϣⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ šafiri	ϣⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ šasiri	ϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ šaniri	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ šareteniri	ϣⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ šauiri	ϣⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ šare - iri
aorist	negative	ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ mpaiiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ mpakhiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ mpareiri	ⲙⲡⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ mpafiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ mpasiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ mpaniri	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mpareteniri	ⲙⲡⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ mpauiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ mpare - iri
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲣⲓ eieiri	ⲉⲕⲉⲓⲣⲓ ekeiri	ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ ereiri	ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲓ efeiri	ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲣⲓ eseiri	ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲣⲓ eneiri	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲣⲓ ereteneiri	ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲓ eueiri	ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ ere - iri
optative	negative	ⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nnairi	ⲛⲛⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ nnekhiri	ⲛⲛⲉⲓⲣⲓ nneiri	ⲛⲛⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ nnefiri	ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ nnesiri	ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nneniri	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nneteniri	ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ nnouiri	ⲛⲛⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ nne - iri
jussive, causative	affirmative jussive	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲓⲣⲓ mariiri	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ marekhiri	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ mareiri	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ marefiri	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ maresiri	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mareniri	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mareteniri	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ marouiri	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ mare - iri
	affirmative causative	ⲑⲣⲓⲓⲣⲓ thriiri	ⲑⲣⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ threkhiri	ⲑⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ threiri	ⲑⲣⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ threfiri	ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ thresiri	ⲑⲣⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ threniri	ⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ threteniri	ⲑⲣⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ throuiri	ⲑⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ thre - iri
	negative jussive, negative causative	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲓⲣⲓ mpenthriiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ mpenthrekhiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ mpenthreiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ mpenthrefiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ mpenthresiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mpenthreniri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mpenthreteniri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ mpenthrouiri	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ mpenthre - iri
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
real conditional	affirmative	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aišaniri	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ akšaniri	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ arešaniri	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ afšaniri	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ asšaniri	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ anšaniri	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aretenšaniri	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aušaniri	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ - ⲓⲣⲓ arešan - iri
real conditional	negative	ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ aištemiri	ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ akštemiri	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ areštemiri	ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ afštemiri	ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ asštemiri	ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ anštemiri	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ aretenštemiri	ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ auštemiri	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ⲓⲣⲓ areštem - iri
conjunctive	affirmative	ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲣⲓ ntairi	ⲛⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ ntekhiri	ⲛⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ nteiri	ⲛⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ ntefiri	ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ ntesiri	ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nteniri	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nteteniri	ⲛⲥⲉⲓⲣⲓ, ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ nseiri, ntouiri	ⲛⲧⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ nte - iri
conjunctive	negative	ⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ ntaštemiri	ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ ntekštemiri	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ nteštemiri	ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ ntefštemiri	ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ ntesštemiri	ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ ntenštemiri	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ ntetenštemiri	ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ ntouštemiri	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ⲓⲣⲓ nteštem - iri
limitive, expectative	limitative	ϣⲁϯⲓⲣⲓ šatiiri	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲣⲓ šatekiri	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ šateiri	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ šatefiri	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ šatesiri	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ šateniri	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ šateteniri	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ šatouiri	ϣⲁⲧⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ šate - iri
limitive, expectative	expectative	ⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲣⲓ mpatiiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲣⲓ mpatekiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ mpateiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ mpatefiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ mpatesiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mpateniri	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mpateteniri	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ mpatouiri	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ - ⲓⲣⲓ mpate - iri

References

Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 48
Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 83

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