亢

亢	U+4EA2, 亢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA2

← 亡
[U+4EA1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

亣 →
[U+4EA3]

Translingual

Han character

亢 (radical 8, 亠+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹弓 (YHN), four-corner 0021₇, composition ⿱亠几)

Derived characters

抗杭航䶳

References

KangXi: page 88, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 288

Dae Jaweon: page 185, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 280, character 1

Unihan data for U+4EA2

Chinese

simp. and trad.		亢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亢

Shang

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Bronze inscriptions**
b15195	b15196	b15197	b15198	b15199	b15200	b15201	b15202

**Small seal script**
s07527

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L10045	L10046

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
笐	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋs
亢	kaːŋ, kʰaːŋs
牨	*kaːŋ
苀	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
魧	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
迒	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
邟	kʰaːŋ, kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼	kʰaːŋʔ, qʰaːŋ
骯	kʰaːŋʔ, ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ
炕	kʰaːŋs, qʰaːŋ
伉	*kʰaːŋs
閌	*kʰaːŋs
犺	*kʰaːŋs
蚢	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊	kʰaːŋs, kʰraːŋ
阬	kʰaːŋs, kʰraːŋ
頏	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ
航	*ɡaːŋ
杭	*ɡaːŋ
沆	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋʔ
肮	*ɡaːŋ
吭	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔	*kraːŋ
坑	*kʰraːŋ
劥	*kʰraːŋ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kàng (kang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
  - Wade–Giles: k'ang⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kong³
  - Yale: kong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kong³
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɑŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	亢
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦浪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kàng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亢
Reading #	2/2
No.	7367
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	抗
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːŋs/

Definitions

亢

high; arrogant; haughty
高亢 ― gāokàng ― (of sound) loud and sonorous; excited; high spirits; (of appearance) haughty

不卑不亢 ― bùbēibùkàng ― neither obsequious nor supercilious
firm; resolute
亢直 ― kàngzhí ― upright and outspoken
dry; arid; drought
亢旱 ― kànghàn ― severe drought
extreme; too much
exceed; excessive
ridge of a roof
(～宿) Neck Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
A surname.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
  - Wade–Giles: kang¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
  - IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong¹
  - Yale: gōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kɑŋ/▼

Rime
Character	亢
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k-ŋˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*k-ŋˁaŋ/
English	lift high
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亢
Reading #	1/2
No.	7357
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*kaːŋ/

Definitions

亢

^† neck
alt. forms: 頏／颃, 肮
^† throat
alt. forms: 頏／颃, 肮

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): háng (hang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: háng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hang²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harng
  - IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵/

Definitions

亢

Variant pronunciation of sense “neck” above.
Variant pronunciation of sense “throat” above.
alt. forms: 吭
^† carotid artery
^† footprint, mark, trace
alt. forms: 迒

Compounds

不亢不卑
不卑不亢 (bùbēibùkàng)
亢奮／亢奋 (kàngfèn)
亢宗
亢旱 (kànghàn)

亢直 (kàngzhí)
亢禮／亢礼
亢身
亢進／亢进 (kàngjìn)
亢陽／亢阳

亢龍有悔／亢龙有悔
批亢擣虛／批亢擣虚
矯亢／矫亢
藏頭亢腦／藏头亢脑
高亢 (gāokàng)

References

諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

Japanese

Kanji

亢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): こう (kō)
Kun: たかぶる (takaburu, 亢る)

Korean

Hanja

亢 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

亢 (cang, khảng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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