墊

See also: 垫

墊	U+588A, 墊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-588A

← 墉
[U+5889]

CJK Unified Ideographs

墋 →
[U+588B]

Translingual

Han character

墊 (radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土戈土 (GIG), four-corner 4510₄, composition ⿱執土)

References

KangXi: page 237, character 30

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5420

Dae Jaweon: page 476, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 477, character 8

Unihan data for U+588A

Chinese

trad.		墊
simp.		垫

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (執) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
騺	*tibs
摯	*tjibs
贄	*tjibs
鷙	*tjibs
墊	tiːms, diːb
慹	tjeb, ndiːb, sdib, tjib
謺	*tjeb
褺	*diːb
蓻	*stib
縶	*tib
漐	*tʰib
蟄	*dib
執	*tjib
瓡	*tjib

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): din³, zin³, din⁶, dim³, din², dip⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiap / tiap / thien
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tiàm / tiān / tiām / tiàn / thiām

(Teochew, Peng'im): diêng⁶ / diang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - IPA ^(key): /tjɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Pinyin: diànr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋㄦ
  - Wade–Giles: tianrh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diall
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diànr
  - IPA ^(key): /tjɑɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: din³, zin³, din⁶, dim³, din², dip⁶
  - Yale: din, jin, dihn, dim, dín, dihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: din³, dzin³, din⁶, dim³, din², dip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: din³, jin³, din⁶, dim³, din², dib⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /tiːn³³/, /t͡siːn³³/, /tiːn²²/, /tiːm³³/, /tiːn³⁵/, /tiːp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiap / tiap / thien
  - Hakka Romanization System: tiab` / diab` / tien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tiab⁵ / diab⁵ / tian⁴
  - IPA: /tʰi̯ap̚²/, /ti̯ap̚²/, /tʰi̯en⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm
  - Tâi-lô: tiàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
  - Tâi-lô: tiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dien
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiām
  - Tâi-lô: tiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diam
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàn
  - Tâi-lô: tiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diexn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiām
  - Tâi-lô: thiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiam²²/

Note:

tiàm - literary;
tiān/tiām/tiàn/thiām - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: diêng⁶ / diang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiĕng / tiăng
  - IPA ^(key): /tieŋ³⁵/, /tiaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /tem^H/, /dep̚/▼

Rime
Character	墊	墊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	怗 (158)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	都念切	徒協切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tem^H/	/dep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tem^H/	/dep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛm^H/	/dɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛm^H/	/dɛp̚/
Li Rong	/tem^H/	/dep̚/
Wang Li	/tiem^H/	/diep̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tiem^H/	/dʱiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diàn	dié

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤ[i]m-s/, /*[t]ˤip/

(Zhengzhang): /*tiːms/, /*diːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墊	墊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn	dié
Middle Chinese	‹ tem^H ›	‹ tep ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ˁ[i]m-s/	/*[t]ˁip/
English	descend	(place in Sìchuān, no pre-Hàn text)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墊	墊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17279	17283
Phonetic component	執	執
Rime group	侵	緝
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	店	牒
Old Chinese	/*tiːms/	/*diːb/

Definitions

墊

pad; cushion; mat
to fill up something; to insert something
to put something under something else to raise or balance it
to pay something in advance

Compounds

墊上運動／垫上运动
墊不起／垫不起
墊付／垫付 (diànfù)
墊圈／垫圈 (diànquān)
墊圈兒／垫圈儿
墊場／垫场
墊子／垫子 (diànzi)
墊平／垫平

墊底兒／垫底儿
墊戲／垫戏
墊支／垫支
墊板／垫板
墊款／垫款
墊用／垫用
墊肩／垫肩 (diànjiān)
墊背／垫背 (diànbèi)

墊腳／垫脚
墊腳石／垫脚石 (diànjiǎoshí)
墊補／垫补 (diànbu)
墊話／垫话
墊高／垫高
封墊／封垫
針墊／针垫
鞋墊／鞋垫 (xiédiàn)

References

“墊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

墊

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): てん (ten), ちょう (chō), じょう (jō)
Kun: おちいる (ochiiru), おぼれる (oboreru), なやむ (nayamu)

Korean

Hanja

墊 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm)

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Vietnamese

Han character

墊 (điếm)

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