外面

Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	face; side; surface face; side; surface; aspect; top
simp. and trad. (外面)		外	面

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wàimiàn, wàimian

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, ㄨㄞˋ ˙ㄇㄧㄢ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): вэмян (vemi͡an, III-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ min⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngoi-mien
Min Nan (POJ): gōa-bīn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: wàimiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: waymiann
  - IPA ^(key): /u̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (外面兒／外面儿)⁺
  - Pinyin: wàimiànr
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: waymiall
  - IPA ^(key): /u̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mjɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: wàimian
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ˙ㄇㄧㄢ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: way.mhian
  - IPA ^(key): /u̯aɪ̯⁵¹ mi̯ɛn¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: вэмян (vemi͡an, III-I)
  - IPA ^(key): /vɛː⁴⁴ miæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngoi⁶ min⁶
  - Yale: ngoih mihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ min⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ min⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² miːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-mien
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoi mien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi⁴ mian⁴
  - IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ mi̯en⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-bīn
  - Tâi-lô: guā-bīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaxbin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gua²²⁻²¹ bin²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gua⁴¹⁻²² bin⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gua²²⁻²¹ bin²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /gua³³⁻¹¹ bin³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /gua³³⁻²¹ bin³³/

Noun

外面

exterior
outside; out
外面刮著風。 / 外面刮着风。 ― Wàimiàn guā zhe fēng. ― It's windy outside

我被鎖在門外面了。 [MSC, trad.]
我被锁在门外面了。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ bèi suǒ zài mén wàimiàn le. [Pinyin]
I was locked out.

Usage notes

Often implies away from one's home or hometown in a way that English outside does not.

Synonyms

外邊／外边 (wàibiān)
(colloquial) 外頭／外头 (wàitou)
(Cantonese) 出便, 出面 (chūmiàn)
(Hakka) 外背
(Min Nan) 外口, 口面, 口仔

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
外	面
がい Grade: 2	めん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

外面 (hiragana がいめん, rōmaji gaimen)

exterior surface; outward appearance

Antonyms

内面 (ないめん) (naimen)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
外	面
そと Grade: 2	つら > づら Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Noun

外面 (hiragana そとづら, rōmaji sotozura)

exterior surface
the face one presents to others, one's outward personality

Antonyms

内面 (うちづら) (uchizura)

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