See also:
U+5D16, 崖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5D16

[U+5D15]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5D17]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 46, +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 山一土土 (UMGG), four-corner 22214, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 314, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8180
  • Dae Jaweon: page 614, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 778, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5D16

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kreː, *kreː
*ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː
*ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ
*kreː
*ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
*ŋreː, *ŋre
*ŋreː, *ŋre
*ŋreː
*ŋreː
*ŋreː
*ŋreːs
*qreː
*qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː
*qreː, *qʷraː
*ɡeː, *kʷeː
*qeːns
*ɡʷraːʔ
*ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
*ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe
*qʷraː, *qʷreː
*qʷraː
*kʷreːs
*kʷreːs
*kʷreːs
詿 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs
*kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
*kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs
*ɢʷreː, *qʷreː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː
*kʷeː, *ɡʷeː
*kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
*kʷeːs
*kʷeːs
*kʰʷeː
*kʰʷeː
*kʰʷeː
*kʰʷeː
*qʰʷeː
*ɡʷeː
*ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi
*qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ
*kʰʷeʔ
*qʷes
*qʰʷreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic  (mountain) + phonetic  (OC *ŋreː, cliff).

Alternatively analyzed as Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic  (cliff) + phonetic  (OC *kʷeː).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ia³⁵/
Harbin /ai²⁴/
/ia²⁴/
Tianjin /iɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /iɛ⁴²/
Qingdao /iɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ia⁴²/
Xi'an /nai²⁴/
Xining /nɛ²⁴/
Yinchuan /ia⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɛ⁵³/
Ürümqi /ia⁵¹/
Wuhan /ŋai²¹³/
Chengdu /ŋai³¹/
Guiyang /ŋai²¹/
Kunming /æ³¹/
Nanjing /iɑ²⁴/
Hefei /ia⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ia¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiɑ¹³/
Hohhot /nɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦia²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦie̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ia⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ŋɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ŋai¹³/
Xiangtan /ŋai¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋai¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋai²¹/
Nanning /ŋai²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋai²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gai³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋai⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋa³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋãi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zai³¹/
/ŋai³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (31) (31)
Final () (13) (31)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () Chongniu III II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋˠiᴇ/ /ŋˠɛ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋᵚiɛ/ /ŋᵚæ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɛ/ /ŋæi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋjiə̆/ /ŋaɨj/
Li
Rong
/ŋje/ /ŋɛ/
Wang
Li
/ŋǐe/ /ŋai/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋie̯/ /ŋai/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngɛ ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋˁrar/
English river bank; limit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4536 4547
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋreː/ /*ŋre/

Definitions

  1. cliff, precipice
  2. precipitous

Compounds

  • 不立崖岸
  • 勒馬懸崖勒马悬崖
  • 墮崖堕崖
  • 山崖 (shānyá)
  • 峻崖
  • 崇崖
  • 崖山
  • 崖岸 (yá'àn)
  • 崖岸自高
  • 崖檢崖检
  • 崖次 (yácì)
  • 崖涘
  • 摩崖石刻
  • 斷崖断崖 (duànyá)
  • 海崖
  • 海蝕崖海蚀崖
  • 珠崖 (Zhūyá)
  • 瓊崖海棠琼崖海棠
  • 立崖岸
  • 紅崖红崖 (Hóngyá)
  • 臨崖勒馬临崖勒马
  • 自崖而反
  • 視覺懸崖视觉悬崖
  • 骨崖崖

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
がけ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

(hiragana がけ, rōmaji gake)

  1. cliff

Korean

Hanja

(ae, ui) (hangeul , , revised ae, ui, McCuneReischauer ae, ŭi)

  1. cliff, precipice
  2. precipitous

Vietnamese

Han character

(nhai, day)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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