左右

Chinese

		left	right (-hand)
simp. and trad. (左右)		左	右

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuǒyòu

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄧㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zo² jau^6-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chó-yu
Min Dong (BUC): cō̤-iêu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chó͘-iū / chó-iū

(Teochew, Peng'im): zo² iu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zuǒyòu → zuǒyou (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄧㄡˋ → ㄗㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄧㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuuo.yow
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuǒyo̊u
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡swɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ joʊ̯⁵¹/ → /t͡swɔ²¹⁴ joʊ̯⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zo² jau^6-2
  - Yale: jó yáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzo² jau^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: zo² yeo²
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔː³⁵ jɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chó-yu
  - Hakka Romanization System: zo` iu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zo³ yiu⁴
  - IPA: /t͡so³¹ i̯u⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chó-yu
  - Hakka Romanization System: zo` (r)iu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zo³ yiu⁴
  - IPA: /t͡so³¹ (j)i̯u⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cō̤-iêu
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡so³³⁻⁵⁵ iɛu²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-iū
  - Tâi-lô: tsóo-iū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zofiu
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó-iū
  - Tâi-lô: tsó-iū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoyiu
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iu³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zo² iu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsó iŭ
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁵²⁻³⁵ iu³⁵/

Noun

左右

left and right
left and right sides; both sides
- 參差荇菜，左右流之 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  参差荇菜，左右流之 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Cēncī xìngcài, zuǒyòu liú zhī [Pinyin]
  Here long, there short, is the duckweed, To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.
entourage; retinue; attendants

Adverb

左右

about; or so; or thereabouts
他身高可能在三米左右。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Tā shēngāo kěnéng zài sān mǐ zuǒyòu. [Pinyin]
He was about three meters tall.

30 分鐘左右 [Cantonese, trad.]
30 分钟左右 [Cantonese, simp.]
saam¹ sap⁶ fan¹ zung¹ zo² jau⁶ [Jyutping]
about 30 minutes

Verb

左右

to control; to manipulate; to influence

Derived terms

左右手 (zuǒyòushǒu)
左右為難／左右为难 (zuǒyòuwéinán)

左右逢源 (zuǒyòuféngyuán)
左右開弓／左右开弓

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (左右):

→ Japanese: 左右 (さゆう) (sayū)
→ Korean: 좌우 (左右, jwau)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
左	右
さ Grade: 1	ゆう Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

From 左 (sa, “left”) +‎ 右 (yū, “right”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [sa̠jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

左右 (hiragana さゆう, rōmaji sayū)

left and right
横断歩道 (おうだんほどう)を渡 (わた)る前 (まえ)には、左右 (さゆう)を確認 (かくにん)する。
Ōdanhodō o wataru mae ni wa, sayū o kakunin suru.
Check left and right before you cross the crosswalk.
both sides
control
influence

Synonyms

(right and left): 右左 (みぎひだり) (migihidari)
(control): 支配 (しはい) (shihai)
(influence): 影響 (えいきょう) (eikyō)

Compounds

上下左右
前後左右
左右一対
左右軸
左右相称
左右対称

Verb

左右する (suru conjugation, hiragana さゆうする, rōmaji sayū suru)

to sway, to influence
to have under one's control

Conjugation

Conjugation of "左右する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	左右し	さゆうし	sayū shi
Continuative (連用形)	左右し	さゆうし	sayū shi
Terminal (終止形)	左右する	さゆうする	sayū suru
Attributive (連体形)	左右する	さゆうする	sayū suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	左右すれ	さゆうすれ	sayū sure
Imperative (命令形)	左右せよ¹ 左右しろ²	さゆうせよ¹ さゆうしろ²	sayū seyo¹ sayū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	左右される	さゆうされる	sayū sareru
Causative	左右させる左右さす	さゆうさせるさゆうさす	sayū saseru sayū sasu
Potential	左右できる	さゆうできる	sayū dekiru
Volitional	左右しよう	さゆうしよう	sayū shiyō
Negative	左右しない	さゆうしない	sayū shinai
Negative continuative	左右せず	さゆうせず	sayū sezu
Formal	左右します	さゆうします	sayū shimasu
Perfective	左右した	さゆうした	sayū shita
Conjunctive	左右して	さゆうして	sayū shite
Hypothetical conditional	左右すれば	さゆうすれば	sayū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
左	右

Noun

左右 • (jwau) (hangeul 좌우)

Hanja form^? of 좌우 (“left and right”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
左	右

Noun

左右

Hán tự form of tả hữu (“left and right”).

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